Paul W. Glimcher
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View article: Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice Open
Noise is a fundamental problem for information processing in neural systems. In decision-making, noise is thought to cause stochastic errors in choice. However, little is known about how noise arising from different sources may contribute …
View article: Decisional reference point pathology: a mechanism and marker for major depressive disorder in humans
Decisional reference point pathology: a mechanism and marker for major depressive disorder in humans Open
The decisional reference point , the central mechanism of behavioral economics, conditions our evaluations of reinforcers. It determines whether a given event is experienced as positive or negative. Here we show, for the first time, a sign…
View article: Intersect between brain mechanisms of conditioned threat, active avoidance, and reward
Intersect between brain mechanisms of conditioned threat, active avoidance, and reward Open
Active avoidance is a core behavior for human coping, and its excess is common across psychiatric diseases. The decision to actively avoid a threat is influenced by cost and reward. Yet, threat, avoidance, and reward have been studied in s…
View article: Value signals guiding choices for cannabis versus non-drug rewards in people who use cannabis near-daily
Value signals guiding choices for cannabis versus non-drug rewards in people who use cannabis near-daily Open
Rationale Despite the critical role of choice processes in substance use disorders, the neurobehavioral mechanisms guiding human decisions about drugs remain poorly understood. Objectives We aimed to characterize the neural encoding of sub…
View article: Optimal Utility: Endogenizing the Cardinal Representation of Riskless Subjective Value in Cognitively Constrained Choosers
Optimal Utility: Endogenizing the Cardinal Representation of Riskless Subjective Value in Cognitively Constrained Choosers Open
View article: Working Just to Know: Exerting Effort for Non-Instrumental Information Under Risk
Working Just to Know: Exerting Effort for Non-Instrumental Information Under Risk Open
People constantly invest effort to seek information in everyday life, even if the information is of no instrumental value for the decision at hand. However, the mechanism underlying people’s willingness to exert effort in exchange for info…
View article: A Tale of Two Environments: Divisive Normalization and the (In)Flexibility of Choice
A Tale of Two Environments: Divisive Normalization and the (In)Flexibility of Choice Open
The Divisive Normalization (DN) function has been described as a “canonical neural computation” in the brain that achieves efficient representations of sensory and choice stimuli. Recent theoretical work indicates that it efficiently encod…
View article: The Limits of Social Cognition: Production Functions and Reasoning in Strategic Interactions
The Limits of Social Cognition: Production Functions and Reasoning in Strategic Interactions Open
Classical game theory assumes that players reason their way to Nash Equilibrium. This assumption has been challenged by behavioral data showing that humans often employ other strategies. Here, we seek to explain this deviation from classic…
View article: Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice Open
Noise is a fundamental problem for information processing in neural systems. In decision-making, noise is thought to cause stochastic errors in choice. However, little is known about how noise arising from different sources may contribute …
View article: Synchronized Incidental Affect Changes Ambiguity Preferences
Synchronized Incidental Affect Changes Ambiguity Preferences Open
Decisions under uncertainty are prevalent, but come under two distinct types. Risk, which has unknown outcomes but known probabilities for those outcomes and ambiguity which contains both unknown outcomes and unknown probabilities. Althoug…
View article: The Limits of Social Cognition: Production Functions and Reasoning in Strategic Interactions
The Limits of Social Cognition: Production Functions and Reasoning in Strategic Interactions Open
View article: Publisher Correction: Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex
Publisher Correction: Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex Open
View article: Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex
Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex Open
Evidence from monkeys and humans suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective value of options under consideration during choice. Data from non-human primates suggests that these value signals are context-dependent, …
View article: Author Correction: Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion
Author Correction: Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion Open
View article: Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making
Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making Open
Inhibition is crucial for brain function, regulating network activity by balancing excitation and implementing gain control. Recent evidence suggests that beyond simply inhibiting excitatory activity, inhibitory neurons can also shape circ…
View article: The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods as if maximizing economic utility
The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods as if maximizing economic utility Open
In value-based decision making, options are selected according to subjective values assigned by the individual to available goods and actions. Despite the importance of this faculty of the mind, the neural mechanisms of value assignments, …
View article: Author response: Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making
Author response: Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making Open
Full text Figures and data Side by side Abstract Editor's evaluation Introduction Results Discussion Methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Inhibition is crucial…
View article: Value Signals Guiding Choices for Cannabis Versus Non-Drug Rewards in Regular Cannabis Users
Value Signals Guiding Choices for Cannabis Versus Non-Drug Rewards in Regular Cannabis Users Open
Background: Despite the critical role of choice processes in substance use disorders, the neurobehavioral mechanisms guiding human decisions about drugs remain poorly understood. We adapted a neuroeconomic framework to characterize the neu…
View article: Author response: The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods as if maximizing economic utility
Author response: The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods as if maximizing economic utility Open
View article: Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex
Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex Open
During economic choice, evidence from monkeys and humans suggest that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective values of options under consideration. Monkey data further suggests that value representations in the O…
View article: Input-Specific Inhibitory Plasticity Improves Decision Accuracy Under Noise
Input-Specific Inhibitory Plasticity Improves Decision Accuracy Under Noise Open
Summary Inhibitory interneurons regulate excitability, information flow, and plasticity in neural circuits. Inhibitory synapses are also plastic and can be modified by changes in experience or activity, often together with changes to excit…
View article: Efficiently irrational: deciphering the riddle of human choice
Efficiently irrational: deciphering the riddle of human choice Open
View article: Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision making
Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision making Open
Current models utilize two primary circuit motifs to replicate neurobiological decision making. Recurrent gain control implements normalization-driven relative value coding, while recurrent excitation and non-selective pooled inhibition to…
View article: Neither Threat of Shock nor Acute Psychosocial Stress Affects Ambiguity Attitudes
Neither Threat of Shock nor Acute Psychosocial Stress Affects Ambiguity Attitudes Open
View article: Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion
Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion Open
Uncertainty is inherent in most decisions humans make. Economists distinguish between two types of decision-making under non-certain conditions: those involving risk (i.e., known outcome probabilities) and those that involve ambiguity (i.e…
View article: Efficiently Irrational: Illuminating the Riddle of Human Choice
Efficiently Irrational: Illuminating the Riddle of Human Choice Open
For the past half century cognitive and social scientists have struggled with the irrationalities of human choice behavior; people consistently make choices that are logically inconsistent. Is human choice behavior evolutionarily adaptive …
View article: Dynamics of base-rate neglect: Disregarding prior probabilities while accumulating evidence
Dynamics of base-rate neglect: Disregarding prior probabilities while accumulating evidence Open
View article: A neuroeconomic signature of opioid craving: How fluctuations in craving bias drug-related and nondrug-related value
A neuroeconomic signature of opioid craving: How fluctuations in craving bias drug-related and nondrug-related value Open
How does craving bias decisions to pursue drugs over other valuable, and healthier, alternatives in addiction? To address this question, we measured the in-the-moment economic decisions of people with opioid use disorder as they experience…
View article: Cumulative lifetime stress exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion
Cumulative lifetime stress exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion Open
Uncertainty is inherent in most decisions humans make. Economists distinguish between twotypes of decision-making under non-certain conditions: those involving risk (i.e., knownoutcome probabilities) and those that involve ambiguity (i.e.,…
View article: Quantifying the subjective cost of self-control in humans
Quantifying the subjective cost of self-control in humans Open
Significance The failure to use self-control is a fundamental problem that humans face in daily life. Recent work suggests that these “failures” might be better understood as a rational decision-making process that weighs the benefits of e…