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View article: Environmental monitoring and equipment sanitation to mitigate <i>Listeria</i> risks in a soil-based controlled environment agriculture system
Environmental monitoring and equipment sanitation to mitigate <i>Listeria</i> risks in a soil-based controlled environment agriculture system Open
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) offers protection from external contaminants but introduces unique food safety challenges, particularly related to equipment sanitation. This study evaluated the occurrence and persistence of Lister…
View article: Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms in support of the risk assessment of products used in the food chain
Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms in support of the risk assessment of products used in the food chain Open
This document provides guidance to assist in the preparation of applications for regulated products to be used in the food chain containing, made from or produced by using microorganisms, genetically modified or not, that are subject to ri…
View article: Comparative Analysis of Concentration and Quantification Methods for Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Phage-Mediated Dissemination in Treated Wastewater and Biosolids
Comparative Analysis of Concentration and Quantification Methods for Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Phage-Mediated Dissemination in Treated Wastewater and Biosolids Open
Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to public health, and integrated surveillance strategies across environmental compartments such as treated wastewater and biosolids can substantially improve monitoring efforts. A key challen…
View article: Updated list of QPS-recommended microorganisms for safety risk assessments carried out by EFSA
Updated list of QPS-recommended microorganisms for safety risk assessments carried out by EFSA Open
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) asked the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) to deliver a scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) biological agents. The QPS approach was develo…
View article: Microbiological agents as notified to EFSA
Microbiological agents as notified to EFSA Open
This is the list of “Microbiological agents as notified to EFSA” from 2007, in the context of technical dossiers to EFSA Units, for intentional use in feed and/or food or as sources of food and feed additives, enzymes and plant protection …
View article: Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure
Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure Open
This updated risk assessment evaluated evidence on potential adverse health effects of fluoride related to all sources of oral exposure as mandated by the European Commission. Fluoride benefit assessment was not included. Effects on the ce…
View article: Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 22: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2025
Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 22: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2025 Open
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to assess the safety of microorganisms used in food and feed chains. During the period covered by this Statement, no new information warranted changes to the status of previou…
View article: A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Cantaloupe
A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Cantaloupe Open
This study introduces a farm-to-fork quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model for invasive listeriosis from ready-to-eat diced cantaloupe. The modular model comprises seven stages—preharvest (soil and irrigation contamination), harvest (cr…
View article: Sustainable water reuse in food production: risks of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance gene release from tertiary-treated reclaimed water
Sustainable water reuse in food production: risks of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance gene release from tertiary-treated reclaimed water Open
Wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation is increasingly essential, but it carries potential public health risks due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study evaluates the effectiveness of four tertiary wastew…
View article: Effect of incineration, co‐incineration and combustion on TSE hazards in category 1 animal by‐products
Effect of incineration, co‐incineration and combustion on TSE hazards in category 1 animal by‐products Open
The European Commission requested EFSA to assess the effect of incineration, co‐incineration and combustion of Category 1 animal by‐products (ABP) on the BSE/TSE hazards in ash resulting from these treatments. The presence of residual TSE …
View article: Occurrence and spread of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in the food chain in the EU/EFTA. Part 1: 2025 update
Occurrence and spread of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in the food chain in the EU/EFTA. Part 1: 2025 update Open
Carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have been reported in the food chain in 14 out of 30 EU/EFTA countries. Commonly reported genes are blaVIM‐1, blaOXA‐48 and blaOXA‐181, followed by blaNDM‐5 and blaIMI‐1. Escherichia coli, tar…
View article: Evaluation of a fluidised catalytic cracking co‐processing method for the production of renewable fuels using Category 3 animal fat and used cooking oils
Evaluation of a fluidised catalytic cracking co‐processing method for the production of renewable fuels using Category 3 animal fat and used cooking oils Open
An alternative processing method for the production of renewable fuels from rendered animal fats, pretreated using standard processing methods 1–5 or method 7 and used cooking oils, derived from Category 3 animal by‐products, was assessed.…
View article: BIOHAZ scientific opinion on the equivalence of an alternative heat treatment process of feathers and down
BIOHAZ scientific opinion on the equivalence of an alternative heat treatment process of feathers and down Open
The European Commission requested EFSA to provide a scientific opinion on the equivalence between the heat treatment process of feathers and down with dry heat to a temperature of 100°C for 30 min and the treatment set up in Commission Reg…
View article: Evaluation of an alkaline hydrolysis method under atmospheric pressure for Category 1 animal by‐products
Evaluation of an alkaline hydrolysis method under atmospheric pressure for Category 1 animal by‐products Open
A new alternative method for the processing of entire bodies or body parts of pet animals (Category 1 animal by‐products (ABPs)) was assessed. The method consists of an alkaline hydrolysis process under atmospheric pressure carried out in …
View article: Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 3 (Fresh‐whole FVH process water management plan)
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 3 (Fresh‐whole FVH process water management plan) Open
Water used in post‐harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross‐contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the fresh‐whole FVH sector is character…
View article: Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 5 (Frozen FVH process water management plan)
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 5 (Frozen FVH process water management plan) Open
Water used in post‐harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross‐contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the frozen FVH sector is characterised …
View article: Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 4 (fresh‐cut FVH process water management plan)
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 4 (fresh‐cut FVH process water management plan) Open
Water used in post‐harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross‐contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the fresh‐cut FVH sector is characteris…
View article: Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 2 – A dynamic mass balance model for handling and processing operations in ffFVH using water
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post‐harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 2 – A dynamic mass balance model for handling and processing operations in ffFVH using water Open
A dynamic mass balance model was developed to simulate contamination dynamics in the process water of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH) during processing and handling operations. The mass balance relates to the flux of …
View article: Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 21: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2024
Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 21: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2024 Open
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed chains. In the period covered by this Statement, no new information was found that …
View article: A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Listeria monocytogenes in Non-Ready-to-Eat Frozen Vegetables
A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Listeria monocytogenes in Non-Ready-to-Eat Frozen Vegetables Open
A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model was developed to evaluate the risk of invasive listeriosis from the consumption of non-ready-to-eat (non-RTE) frozen vegetables. On a lot basis, the QRA model simulates Listeria monocytogenes conc…
View article: Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2
Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2 Open
The objective of this opinion was to determine if any wild caught fish species, originating from specific fishing grounds and consumed in the EU/EFTA could be considered free of zoonotic parasites. In this Opinion the term ‘fishery product…
View article: Public health aspects of Vibrio spp. related to the consumption of seafood in the EU
Public health aspects of Vibrio spp. related to the consumption of seafood in the EU Open
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and non‐O1/non‐O139 Vibrio cholerae are the Vibrio spp. of highest relevance for public health in the EU through seafood consumption. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus is associated with the haem…
View article: BSE risk posed by ruminant collagen and gelatine derived from bones
BSE risk posed by ruminant collagen and gelatine derived from bones Open
The European Commission requested an estimation of the BSE risk (C‐, L‐ and H‐BSE) from gelatine and collagen derived from ovine, caprine or bovine bones, and produced in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, or Regulation (EC) No 1…
View article: Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 20: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2024
Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 20: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2024 Open
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed chains. In the period covered by this statement, no new information was found that …
View article: Inactivation efficacy of four commercial post-process treatments against Listeria monocytogenes and impact on the commercial quality of leafy greens
Inactivation efficacy of four commercial post-process treatments against Listeria monocytogenes and impact on the commercial quality of leafy greens Open
The problem of product contamination with human pathogenic microorganisms is still unsolved. Although prevention through the implementation of good agricultural practices and good manufacturing practices is the gold standard, product decon…
View article: Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 1: ToRs1–3
Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 1: ToRs1–3 Open
Surveillance data published since 2010, although limited, showed that there is no evidence of zoonotic parasite infection in market quality Atlantic salmon, marine rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, turbot, meagre, Atlantic halibut, common …
View article: Evaluation of alternative methods of tunnel composting (submitted by the European Composting Network) II
Evaluation of alternative methods of tunnel composting (submitted by the European Composting Network) II Open
Two alternative methods for producing compost in a tunnel, from certain category (Cat.) 3 animal by-products (ABP) and other non-ABP material, were assessed. The first method proposed a minimum temperature of 55°C for 72 h and the second 6…