Pavel Kroupa
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View article: Dynamical Friction Constraints on the Dark Matter Hypothesis Across Astronomical Scales
Dynamical Friction Constraints on the Dark Matter Hypothesis Across Astronomical Scales Open
Dynamical friction implies a consistency check on any system where dark matter particles are hypothesised to explain orbital dynamics requiring more mass under Newtonian gravity than is directly detectable. Introducing the assumption of a …
View article: Model-Independent Inference of Galaxy Star Formation Histories in the Local Volume
Model-Independent Inference of Galaxy Star Formation Histories in the Local Volume Open
Understanding the diversity of star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies is key to reconstructing their evolutionary paths. Traditional models often assume parametric forms such as delayed-τ or exponentially declining models, which may n…
View article: Massive Star Formation at Supersolar Metallicities: Constraints on the Initial Mass Function
Massive Star Formation at Supersolar Metallicities: Constraints on the Initial Mass Function Open
Metals enhance the cooling efficiency of molecular clouds, promoting fragmentation. Consequently, increasing the metallicity may boost the formation of low-mass stars. Within the integrated galaxy initial mass function (IGIMF) theory, this…
View article: The effect of the environment-dependent stellar initial mass function on the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation
The effect of the environment-dependent stellar initial mass function on the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation Open
We investigate the impact of an environment-dependent galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (gwIMF) on the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR). The integrated galaxy-wide IMF (IGIMF) theory, which incorporates variations in stellar p…
View article: Tidal Tails of Nearby Open Clusters. II. A Review of Simulated Properties and the Reliability of Observational Catalogues
Tidal Tails of Nearby Open Clusters. II. A Review of Simulated Properties and the Reliability of Observational Catalogues Open
Context: Recent studies using Gaia data have reported tidal tail detections for tens to hundreds of open clusters. However, a comprehensive assessment of the reliability & completeness of these detections is lacking. Aims: This work aims t…
View article: Dark Star Clusters or Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies? Revisiting UMa3/U1
Dark Star Clusters or Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies? Revisiting UMa3/U1 Open
Owing to sparse spectroscopic observations, the classification of faint satellites as either dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxies or self-gravitating star clusters remains unresolved. The recently discovered Ursa Major III/UNIONS 1 (UMa3/U…
View article: Investigating the origin of the Milky Way streams
Investigating the origin of the Milky Way streams Open
Stellar streams around the Milky Way (MW) can provide valuable insights into its history and substructure formation. Previous studies have suggested that several MW streams could have an origin related to that of the disc of satellite gala…
View article: The effect of the environment-dependent stellar initial mass function on the baryonic Tully Fisher relation
The effect of the environment-dependent stellar initial mass function on the baryonic Tully Fisher relation Open
We investigate the impact of an environment-dependent galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (gwIMF) on the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR). The integrated galaxy-wide IMF (IGIMF) theory, which incorporates variations in stellar p…
View article: Are the ONC, Pleiades, and Hyades snapshots of the same embedded cluster?
Are the ONC, Pleiades, and Hyades snapshots of the same embedded cluster? Open
Using direct $N$-body simulations, we investigate the initial conditions and evolution of a star-forming region resembling the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) with the advanced \textsc{NBODY6} code. By varying the initial conditions, we aim to …
View article: Are the ONC, Pleiades, and Hyades snapshots of the same embedded cluster?
Are the ONC, Pleiades, and Hyades snapshots of the same embedded cluster? Open
Using direct N-body simulations, we investigate the initial conditions and evolution of a star-forming region resembling the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) with the advanced nbody6 code. By varying the initial conditions, we aim to identify a …
View article: The most massive star clusters in molecular clouds: insights from the integrated cloud-wide initial mass function (ICIMF) theory
The most massive star clusters in molecular clouds: insights from the integrated cloud-wide initial mass function (ICIMF) theory Open
The combination of the high-resolution ALMA, JWST, and HST observations provides unprecedented insights into the connection between individual molecular clouds and their internal stellar populations in nearby galaxies. The molecular clouds…
View article: The most massive star clusters in molecular clouds: Insights from the integrated cloud-wide initial mass function (ICIMF) theory
The most massive star clusters in molecular clouds: Insights from the integrated cloud-wide initial mass function (ICIMF) theory Open
The combination of the high-resolution ALMA, JWST and HST observations provides unprecedented insights into the connection between individual molecular clouds and their internal stellar populations in nearby galaxies. The molecular clouds …
View article: On the initial conditions of the νHDM cosmological model
On the initial conditions of the νHDM cosmological model Open
The $\nu$HDM is the only cosmological model based on Milgromian dynamics (MOND) with available structure formation simulations. While MOND accounts for galaxies, with a priori predictions for spirals and ellipticals, a light sterile neutri…
View article: The p-Laplacian as a framework for generalizing Newtonian gravity and Milgromian gravitation
The p-Laplacian as a framework for generalizing Newtonian gravity and Milgromian gravitation Open
Context. The radial acceleration relation (RAR) follows from Milgromian gravitation (MoND) and velocity dispersion data of many dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) and galaxy clusters have been reported to be in tension with it. Aims. We con…
View article: Intermediate-Mass Mergers: A New Scenario for Several FS CMa Stars
Intermediate-Mass Mergers: A New Scenario for Several FS CMa Stars Open
We summarise the properties and nature of a peculiar group of B-type stars called FS CMa stars. These stars show the B[e] phenomenon, i.e., their spectra exhibit both forbidden emission lines and infrared excess. Such properties point to a…
View article: The star grinder in the Galactic centre. Uncovering the highly compact central stellar-mass black hole cluster
The star grinder in the Galactic centre. Uncovering the highly compact central stellar-mass black hole cluster Open
Various past theoretical considerations and observational efforts suggest the presence of a population of stellar-mass black holes in the innermost parsec of the Galactic centre. In this Letter, we investigate the impact of these black hol…
View article: Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies in MOND
Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies in MOND Open
We investigate the shape and morphology of early-type galaxies (ETGs) within the framework of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Building on our previous studies, which demonstrated that the monolithic collapse of primordial gas clouds in…
View article: Inversely synthesizing the core mass function of high-mass star-forming regions from the canonical initial mass function
Inversely synthesizing the core mass function of high-mass star-forming regions from the canonical initial mass function Open
Many studies have revealed that the core mass function (CMF) in high-mass star-forming regions is top-heavy. In this work, we start from the canonical initial mass function (IMF) to inversely synthesize the observed CMFs of high-mass star …
View article: The star grinder in the Galactic centre
The star grinder in the Galactic centre Open
Context. Various past theoretical considerations and observational efforts suggest the presence of a population of stellar-mass black holes in the innermost parsec of the Galactic centre. Aims. In this Letter, we investigate the impact of …
View article: Are binary-star populations regionally different? --in memory of Sverre Aarseth--
Are binary-star populations regionally different? --in memory of Sverre Aarseth-- Open
For synthesising star clusters and whole galaxies, stellar populations need to be modelled by a set of four functions that define their initial distribution of stellar masses and of the orbital properties of their binary-star populations. …
View article: A recent confirmation of the wide binary gravitational anomaly
A recent confirmation of the wide binary gravitational anomaly Open
Concerning recent published studies exploring the presence or otherwise of a gravitational anomaly at low accelerations in wide binary stars as observed by the Gaia satellite, the paper published by Cookson on the subject last year present…
View article: Tidal tails of nearby open clusters
Tidal tails of nearby open clusters Open
Context . Tidal tails of open clusters are the result of stellar evaporation from the cluster through the Galactic potential and internal dynamics. With the recent availability of high-precision data, tidal tails are being detected for mos…
View article: Tidal tails of nearby open clusters I. Mapping with Gaia DR3
Tidal tails of nearby open clusters I. Mapping with Gaia DR3 Open
Context: Tidal tails of open clusters are the result of stellar evaporation from the cluster through the Galactic potential and internal dynamics. With the recent availability of high-precision data, tidal tails are being detected for most…
View article: Stellar population synthesis models with a physically varying IMF
Stellar population synthesis models with a physically varying IMF Open
Interpreting galactic luminosity requires assumptions about the galaxy-wide initial mass function (gwIMF), often assumed invariant in most stellar population synthesis (SPS) models. If stars form in clusters with metallicity- and density-d…
View article: The post-gas expulsion coalescence of embedded clusters as an origin of open clusters
The post-gas expulsion coalescence of embedded clusters as an origin of open clusters Open
The mismatch between the mass function of the Milky Way's embedded clusters (ECs) and that of open clusters (OCs) raises the question of whether each OC originates from a single EC. In this work, we explore a scenario in which OCs form as …
View article: The post-gas expulsion coalescence of embedded clusters as an origin of open clusters
The post-gas expulsion coalescence of embedded clusters as an origin of open clusters Open
The mismatch between the mass function of the Milky Way’s embedded clusters (ECs) and that of open clusters (OCs) raises the question of whether each OC originates from a single EC. In this work, we explore a scenario in which OCs form as …
View article: Growth of black holes at the centre of early-type galaxies in MOND
Growth of black holes at the centre of early-type galaxies in MOND Open
The formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in early-type galaxies (ETGs) is a key challenge for galaxy formation theories. Using the monolithic collapse models of ETGs formed in Milgromian Dynamics (MOND) from Eappen et al. (2022, M…
View article: The redshift dependence of the inferred <i>H</i>0 in a local void solution to the Hubble tension
The redshift dependence of the inferred <i>H</i>0 in a local void solution to the Hubble tension Open
Galaxy number counts suggest that we are located within the Gpc-scale KBC void. The Hubble tension might arise due to gravitationally driven outflow from this void, as explored in detail by Haslbauer et al. We explore how the impact of the…