Peter M. Elias
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View article: Skin barrier, phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of autosomal recessive ichthyosis in <scp>TGM1</scp>‐deficient Jack Russell Terriers and response to topical ceramide
Skin barrier, phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of autosomal recessive ichthyosis in <span>TGM1</span>‐deficient Jack Russell Terriers and response to topical ceramide Open
Background Autosomal recessive ichthyosis leads to structural or biochemical changes that impair skin barrier function. Hypothesis/Objectives To assess (1) the phenotype and genotype in a litter of Jack Russell Terriers with autosomal rece…
View article: “Outside-to-inside,” “inside-to-outside,” and “intrinsic” endogenous pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: keratinocytes as the key functional cells involved in both permeability barrier dysfunction and immunological alterations
“Outside-to-inside,” “inside-to-outside,” and “intrinsic” endogenous pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: keratinocytes as the key functional cells involved in both permeability barrier dysfunction and immunological alterations Open
Permeability barrier disruption has been shown to induce immunological alterations (i.e., an “outside-to-inside” pathogenic mechanism). Conversely, several inflammatory and immunological mechanisms reportedly interrupt permeability barrier…
View article: Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: Implications for the management of this disease
Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: Implications for the management of this disease Open
Epidermal function is regulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, including age, psychological stress, certain skin disorders, ultraviolet irradiation and pollution, and epidermal function itself can regulate cutaneous and extr…
View article: Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review
Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review Open
Cetacean skin continues to be the investigative focus of researchers from several different scientific disciplines. Yet, most research on the basic functions of lipo‐keratinocytes, which constitute most of the cetacean epidermis, providing…
View article: The link between cutaneous inflammation and cognitive impairment
The link between cutaneous inflammation and cognitive impairment Open
Cognitive impairment is a symptom of neurological disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease; and mild cognitive impairment can be a precursor of both disorders. Aged humans and animal models with other systemic disorders, such …
View article: Optimised emollient mixture for skin barrier repair: Applications to global child health
Optimised emollient mixture for skin barrier repair: Applications to global child health Open
INTRODUCTION: IMPORTANCE OF SKIN BARRIER HOMEOSTASIS Maintenance of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis is required for life in a desiccating, often hostile, terrestrial environment. Children over six months of age and adults who ar…
View article: Atopic Dermatitis: The Fate of the Fat
Atopic Dermatitis: The Fate of the Fat Open
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which dry and itchy skin may develop into skin lesions. AD has a strong genetic component, as children from parents with AD have a two-fold increased chance of …
View article: Optimizing emollient therapy for skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis
Optimizing emollient therapy for skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis Open
We provide guidelines for the appropriate dispensation of moisturizers and physiological lipid-based, BRT for the treatment of AD. Both over-the-counter (Atopalm) and prescription (EpiCeram) products are available in the United States with…
View article: Phenotypic Overlap between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism
Phenotypic Overlap between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Open
Background: Autism, a childhood behavioral disorder, belongs to a large suite of diseases, collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of ASD are associated with atopic d…
View article: Ichthyosis and hereditary cornification disorders in dogs
Ichthyosis and hereditary cornification disorders in dogs Open
The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis, serves a crucial role in maintaining body hydration and protection from environmental insults. When the stratum corneum is injured or when the genetic blueprints are flawed, t…
View article: Integron detection for prediction of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in children with Enterobacterales urinary tract infections
Integron detection for prediction of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in children with Enterobacterales urinary tract infections Open
Objectives In some countries, third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) serve as first-line therapy in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their use may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, notably among G…
View article: Role of nitric oxide in regulating epidermal permeability barrier function
Role of nitric oxide in regulating epidermal permeability barrier function Open
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), regulates multiple cellular functions in a variety of cell types. These NOS, including endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neural NOS (nNO…
View article: Effect of sunflower seed oil emollient therapy on newborn infant survival in Uttar Pradesh, India: A community-based, cluster randomized, open-label controlled trial
Effect of sunflower seed oil emollient therapy on newborn infant survival in Uttar Pradesh, India: A community-based, cluster randomized, open-label controlled trial Open
Background Hospitalized preterm infants with compromised skin barrier function treated topically with sunflower seed oil (SSO) have shown reductions in sepsis and neonatal mortality rate (NMR). Mustard oil and products commonly used in hig…
View article: Sphingolipid Activator Proteins Are Required for Epidermal Permeability Barrier Formation
Sphingolipid Activator Proteins Are Required for Epidermal Permeability Barrier Formation Open
The epidermal permeability barrier is maintained by extracellular lipid membranes within the interstices of the stratum corneum. Ceramides, the major components of these multilayered membranes, derive in large part from hydrolysis of gluco…
View article: Phenotypic overlap between atopic dermatitis and autism
Phenotypic overlap between atopic dermatitis and autism Open
Background Autism, a childhood behavioral disorder, belongs to a large suite of diseases, collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of ASD are associated with atopic d…
View article: Pathogenic and Compensatory Mechanisms in Epidermis of Sphingomyelin Synthase 2-Deficient Mice
Pathogenic and Compensatory Mechanisms in Epidermis of Sphingomyelin Synthase 2-Deficient Mice Open
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a constituent of cellular membranes, while ceramides (Cer) produced from SM on plasma membranes serve as a lipid mediator that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the skin, SM also is a pr…
View article: Commensal Microbiota Regulates Skin Barrier Function And Repair Via Signaling Through The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Commensal Microbiota Regulates Skin Barrier Function And Repair Via Signaling Through The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Open
SUMMARY The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes required for the proper formation …
View article: Mutations in 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase paradoxically benefit epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice
Mutations in 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase paradoxically benefit epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice Open
Inherited or acquired blockade of distal steps in the cholesterol synthetic pathway results in ichthyosis, due to reduced cholesterol production and/or the accumulation of toxic metabolic precursors, while inhibition of epidermal cholester…
View article: Consensus recommendations for the use of retinoids in ichthyosis and other disorders of cornification in children and adolescents
Consensus recommendations for the use of retinoids in ichthyosis and other disorders of cornification in children and adolescents Open
Topical and systemic retinoids have long been used in the treatment of ichthyoses and other disorders of cornification. Due to the need for long‐term use of retinoids for these disorders, often beginning in childhood, numerous clinical con…
View article: Could cellular and signaling abnormalities converge to provoke atopic dermatitis?
Could cellular and signaling abnormalities converge to provoke atopic dermatitis? Open
Summary Diverse inherited and acquired abnormalities in epidermal structural and enzymatic proteins compromise permeability, barrier function and antimicrobial defense in atopic dermatitis (AD). Though several mutations in filaggrin (FLG) …