Phillip I. Tarr
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View article: Mild Duodenal Mucosal Injury and Increased Type I Interferon Signaling Are Preludes to Celiac Disease
Mild Duodenal Mucosal Injury and Increased Type I Interferon Signaling Are Preludes to Celiac Disease Open
View article: Metagenomic signatures of extraintestinal bacterial infection in the febrile term infant gut microbiome
Metagenomic signatures of extraintestinal bacterial infection in the febrile term infant gut microbiome Open
View article: Clinical sequelae of gut microbiome development and disruption in hospitalized preterm infants
Clinical sequelae of gut microbiome development and disruption in hospitalized preterm infants Open
View article: Enteric pathogens relationship with small bowel histologic features of environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study
Enteric pathogens relationship with small bowel histologic features of environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study Open
The detection of some enteropathogens in asymptomatic infections is associated with subsequent EED histopathology. These novel findings offer a basis for future EED etiology and pathogenesis studies.
View article: Histopathology underlying environmental enteric dysfunction in a cohort study of undernourished children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia compared with United States children
Histopathology underlying environmental enteric dysfunction in a cohort study of undernourished children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia compared with United States children Open
This scoring system involving 5 histologic parameters demonstrates very high discrimination between EED and normal biopsies, indicating that this scoring system can be applied with confidence to studies of intestinal biopsies in EED.
View article: Biomarker relationships with small bowel histopathology among malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study
Biomarker relationships with small bowel histopathology among malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study Open
Four commonly used markers of enteric dysfunction were associated with specific histologic features. One-hour urine collection may be insufficient to reflect small bowel permeability in LR testing. While acknowledging the challenges with o…
View article: Duodenal transcriptomics demonstrates signatures of tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration in children with environmental enteric dysfunction across global centers
Duodenal transcriptomics demonstrates signatures of tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration in children with environmental enteric dysfunction across global centers Open
View article: The Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biopsy Initiative (EEDBI) Consortium: mucosal investigations of environmental enteric dysfunction
The Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biopsy Initiative (EEDBI) Consortium: mucosal investigations of environmental enteric dysfunction Open
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an asymptomatic acquired disorder characterized by upper small bowel inflammation, villus blunting, and gut permeability. It is a major contributor to poor growth in childhood as well as other hig…
View article: Multiplexed immunohistochemical evaluation of small bowel inflammatory and epithelial parameters in environmental enteric dysfunction
Multiplexed immunohistochemical evaluation of small bowel inflammatory and epithelial parameters in environmental enteric dysfunction Open
Our results support a model of chronic epithelial stress that decreases epithelial differentiation and absorptive function. The close association of several IHC parameters with manual histologic scoring suggests that automated digital quan…
View article: Clinical sequelae of gut microbiome development and disruption in hospitalized preterm infants
Clinical sequelae of gut microbiome development and disruption in hospitalized preterm infants Open
Aberrant preterm infant gut microbiota assembly predisposes to early-life disorders and persistent health problems. Here, we characterize gut microbiome dynamics over the first 3 months of life in 236 preterm infants hospitalized in three …
View article: Duodenal quantitative mucosal morphometry in children with environmental enteric dysfunction: a cross-sectional multicountry analysis
Duodenal quantitative mucosal morphometry in children with environmental enteric dysfunction: a cross-sectional multicountry analysis Open
Morphometric analysis of duodenal biopsy slides across geographies identified morphologic features of EED, specifically short villi, elongated crypts, and a smaller V:C ratio relative to NPA slides, although not as severe as in celiac slid…
View article: Intergenerational protective anti-gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life
Intergenerational protective anti-gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life Open
Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adu…
View article: Maternal Obesogenic Diet Attenuates Microbiome-Dependent Offspring Weaning Reaction with Worsening of Steatotic Liver Disease
Maternal Obesogenic Diet Attenuates Microbiome-Dependent Offspring Weaning Reaction with Worsening of Steatotic Liver Disease Open
View article: Quantification of Enteric Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Inter- and Intraindividual Variability
Quantification of Enteric Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Inter- and Intraindividual Variability Open
fLcn2 is elevated in people with CF and might predict worse interval pulmonary function. Expanded studies are warranted to test if fLcn2 correlates with changes in additional outcomes.
View article: 531 Quantification of enteric dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: inter- and intraindividual variability
531 Quantification of enteric dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: inter- and intraindividual variability Open
View article: Infants exposed <i>in utero</i> to Hurricane Maria have gut microbiomes with reduced diversity and altered metabolic capacity
Infants exposed <i>in utero</i> to Hurricane Maria have gut microbiomes with reduced diversity and altered metabolic capacity Open
The gut microbiome is a potentially important mechanism that links prenatal disaster exposures with increased disease risks. However, whether prenatal disaster exposures are associated with alterations in the infant’s gut microbiome remain…
View article: Social and psychological adversity are associated with distinct mother and infant gut microbiome variations
Social and psychological adversity are associated with distinct mother and infant gut microbiome variations Open
View article: Updated consensus guidelines on the management of Phelan–McDermid syndrome
Updated consensus guidelines on the management of Phelan–McDermid syndrome Open
Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic condition caused by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency and characterized by a wide range of neurodevelopmental and systemic manifestations. The first practice parameters for assessment and monitoring in i…
View article: Microbiome-targeting therapies in the neonatal intensive care unit: safety and efficacy
Microbiome-targeting therapies in the neonatal intensive care unit: safety and efficacy Open
Microbiome-targeting therapies have received great attention as approaches to prevent disease in infants born preterm, but their safety and efficacy remain uncertain. Here we summarize the existing literature, focusing on recent meta-analy…
View article: Gut microbiome composition may be an indicator of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Gut microbiome composition may be an indicator of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease Open
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is thought to progress from normal cognition through preclinical disease and ultimately to symptomatic AD with cognitive impairment. Recent work suggests that the gut microbiome of symptomatic patients wi…
View article: Hyperhydration to Improve Kidney Outcomes in Children with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infection: a multinational embedded cluster crossover randomized trial (the HIKO STEC trial)
Hyperhydration to Improve Kidney Outcomes in Children with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infection: a multinational embedded cluster crossover randomized trial (the HIKO STEC trial) Open
View article: Gut pathogen colonization precedes bloodstream infection in the neonatal intensive care unit
Gut pathogen colonization precedes bloodstream infection in the neonatal intensive care unit Open
Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) resulting in late-onset sepsis affect up to half of extremely preterm infants and have substantial morbidity and mortality. Bacterial species associated with BSIs in neonatal intensive care units (NI…
View article: Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial
Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial Open
Introduction The burden of disease attributed to drinking water from private wells is not well characterised. The Wells and Enteric disease Transmission trial is the first randomised controlled trial to estimate the burden of disease that …
View article: Psychosocial adversity experienced in utero and early life is associated with variation in gut microbiota: a prospective case-control study
Psychosocial adversity experienced in utero and early life is associated with variation in gut microbiota: a prospective case-control study Open
Social disadvantage (SD) and psychological stressors (PS) trap some populations in poverty, resulting in health inequities. How these two factors become biologically embedded and the pathways leading to adverse health outcomes is unclear, …
View article: Enteric Pathogen Testing Importance for Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: a Modified Delphi Study
Enteric Pathogen Testing Importance for Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: a Modified Delphi Study Open
Children with diarrhea and vomiting who seek care can be infected with a wide variety of infectious agents. This study reports findings from a survey of clinical, public health, and laboratory subject matter experts on the infectious agent…
View article: Longitudinal gut virome analysis identifies specific viral signatures that precede necrotizing enterocolitis onset in preterm infants
Longitudinal gut virome analysis identifies specific viral signatures that precede necrotizing enterocolitis onset in preterm infants Open
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious consequence of preterm birth and is often associated with gut bacterial microbiome alterations. However, little is known about the development of the gut virome in preterm infants, or its role i…
View article: Maternal obesogenic diet enhances cholestatic liver disease in offspring
Maternal obesogenic diet enhances cholestatic liver disease in offspring Open
View article: Derivation of the Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Risk Score to Predict Moderate‐to‐Severe Acute Gastroenteritis
Derivation of the Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Risk Score to Predict Moderate‐to‐Severe Acute Gastroenteritis Open
Objectives: Although most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episodes in children rapidly self‐resolve, some children go on to experience more significant and prolonged illness. We sought to develop a prognostic score to identify children at risk…
View article: Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis
Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis Open
View article: Maternal obesogenic diet regulates offspring bile acid homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism via the gut microbiome in mice
Maternal obesogenic diet regulates offspring bile acid homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism via the gut microbiome in mice Open
We utilized a mouse model of maternal obesogenic diet exposure to evaluate the effect on offspring microbiome and bile acid homeostasis. We identified shifts in the offspring microbiome associated with changes in cecal bile acid levels. Tr…