Explanipedia

Tex15 is required for vomeronasal sensory neuron diversity and male pheromone detection Open

Nader Boutros Ghali, Phillip R. Kramer, Ryan Edwards, Irina Ruzina, Zafar H. Zaidi , et al. · 2025

The mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects pheromones, which provide vital information needed to find a mate, detect predators, or alert to the presence of an intruder. Within the VNO, pheromones are sensed by two families of G-protein Coup…

Nrxn3 reduces myofascial nociceptive pain Open

Lauren Nguyen, Mikhail Umorin, Phillip R. Kramer · 2025

Estrogens produced within the central amygdala inhibit varicella zoster‐induced orofacial pain Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Lauren Nguyen, Paul R. Kinchington · 2025

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox, and reactivation of this virus later in life causes shingles. Previous work demonstrated that estrogens could reduce VZV‐induced orofacial pain and affect gene expression in the central amyg…

Fetal Liver-like Organoids Recapitulate Blood-Liver Niche Development and Multipotent Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Open

Milad Rezvani, Kyle Lewis, Susanna Quach, Kentaro Iwasawa, Julian Weihs , et al. · 2024

SUMMARY The fetal liver is a hematopoietic organ, hosting a diverse and evolving progenitor population. While human liver organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) mimic aspects of embryonic and fetal development, they typically…

Neurexin 3 Regulates Synaptic Connections Between Central Amygdala Neurons and Excitable Cells of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Rats with Varicella Zoster Induced Orofacial Pain Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Rebecca Hornung, Mikhail Umorin, M. Douglas Benson, Paul R. Kinchington · 2024

The results suggest Nrxn3 reduces VZV associated orofacial pain, in part, by enhancing synaptic connections between GABA cells of the central amygdala and pain neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus.

PAQR8 and PAQR9 expression is altered in the ventral tegmental area of aged rats infected with varicella zoster virus Open

Rebecca Hornung, Paul R. Kinchington, Mikhail Umorin, Phillip R. Kramer · 2023

Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in chicken pox and reactivation of VZV results in herpes zoster (HZ) or what is often referred to as shingles. Patients with HZ experience decreased motivation and increased emotional dis…

Intracranial calcification in Fam20c-deficient mice recapitulates human Raine syndrome Open

Hua Zhang, Yongbo Lu, Phillip R. Kramer, M D Benson, Yi‐Shing Lisa Cheng , et al. · 2023

Sex Differences in the Role of Neurexin 3α in Zoster Associated Pain Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Mikhail Umorin, Rebecca Hornung, M. Douglas Benson, Paul R. Kinchington · 2022

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) induces orofacial pain and female rats show greater pain than male rats. During the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle the VZV induce pain response is attenuated in female rats. A screen of gene expression ch…

Neurexin 3α in the Central Amygdala has a Role in Orofacial Varicella Zoster Pain Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Mikhail Umorin, Rebecca Hornung, Paul R. Kinchington · 2022

Varicella-zoster virus early infection but not complete replication is required for the induction of chronic hypersensitivity in rat models of postherpetic neuralgia Open

Benjamin E. Warner, Michael B. Yee, Mingdi Zhang, Rebecca Hornung, Benedikt B. Kaufer , et al. · 2021

Herpes zoster, the result of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, is frequently complicated by difficult-to-treat chronic pain states termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). While there are no animal models of VZV-induced pain following…

Editorial: Mechanisms of Orofacial Pain and Sex Differences Open

Sufang Liu, Phillip R. Kramer, Feng Tao · 2021

EDITORIAL article Front. Integr. Neurosci., 10 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2021.599580

Measuring calcium activity within individual neurons within the rat thalamus Open

Addison Pritchard, Rebecca Hornung, Phillip R. Kramer · 2021

A Guide to Preclinical Models of Zoster-Associated Pain and Postherpetic Neuralgia Open

Benjamin E. Warner, William F. Goins, Phillip R. Kramer, Paul R. Kinchington · 2021

Comparing Gene Expression in the Parabrachial and Amygdala of Diestrus and Proestrus Female Rats after Orofacial Varicella Zoster Injection Open

Rebecca Hornung, Addison Pritchard, Paul R. Kinchington, Phillip R. Kramer · 2020

The orofacial pain pathway projects to the parabrachial and amygdala, and sex steroids have been shown to affect neuronal activity in these regions. GABA positive cells in the amygdala are influenced by sex steroid metabolites to affect pa…

Reduced activity of GAD67 expressing cells in the reticular thalamus enhance thalamic excitatory activity and varicella zoster virus associated pain Open

Rebecca Hornung, Addison Pritchard, Paul R. Kinchington, Phillip R. Kramer · 2020

A Pre-Existing Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder Increases Trigeminal Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Enhances Nitroglycerin-Induced Hypersensitivity in Mice Open

Hui‐Kuo G. Shu, Sufang Liu, Yuanyuan Tang, Brian L. Schmidt, John C. Dolan , et al. · 2020

Migraine is commonly reported among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), especially myogenic TMD. The pathophysiologic mechanisms related to the comorbidity of the two conditions remain elusive. In the present study, we combin…

Progesterone and Allopregnanolone Rapidly Attenuate Estrogen-Associated Mechanical Allodynia in Rats with Persistent Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation Open

Rebecca Hornung, W. Benton, Sirima Tongkhuya, Lynda Uphouse, Phillip R. Kramer , et al. · 2020

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is associated with pain in the joint (temporomandibular joint, TMJ) and muscles involved in mastication. TMD pain dissipates following menopause but returns in some women undergoing estrogen replaceme…

Corrigendum: Aromatase Derived Estradiol Within the Thalamus Modulates Pain Induced by Varicella Zoster Virus Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Mahesh Rao, Crystal Stinson, Larry L. Bellinger, Paul R. Kinchington , et al. · 2019

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00046.].

Potential Application of Optogenetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Pain and Migraine Headache: A Perspective from Animal Studies Open

Sufang Liu, Yuanyuan Tang, Ying Xing, Phillip R. Kramer, Larry L. Bellinger , et al. · 2019

Optogenetic manipulation is uniquely useful in unraveling the functional organization of neuronal circuits in the central nervous system by enabling reversible gain- or loss-of-function of discrete populations of neurons within restricted …

Aromatase Derived Estradiol Within the Thalamus Modulates Pain Induced by Varicella Zoster Virus Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Mahesh Rao, Crystal Stinson, Larry L. Bellinger, Paul R. Kinchington , et al. · 2018

Herpes zoster or shingles is the result of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection and often results in chronic pain that lasts for months after visible symptoms subside. Testosterone often attenuates pain in males. Previous work demonstrat…

Dopamine receptor D2, but not D1, mediates descending dopaminergic pathway–produced analgesic effect in a trigeminal neuropathic pain mouse model Open

Sufang Liu, Yuanyuan Tang, Hui‐Kuo G. Shu, Delton Tatum, Qian Bai , et al. · 2018

Neuropathic pain represents a challenge to clinicians because it is resistant to commonly prescribed analgesics due to its largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated a descending dopaminergic pathway–mediated modulation of trigemina…

Role for the Ventral Posterior Medial/Posterior Lateral Thalamus and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Affective/Motivation Pain Induced by Varicella Zoster Virus Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Jennifer Strand, Crystal Stinson, Larry L. Bellinger, Paul R. Kinchington , et al. · 2017

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infects the face and can result in chronic, debilitating pain. The mechanism for this pain is unknown and current treatment is often not effective, thus investigations into the pain pathway become vital. Pain i…

A rat model of facial Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) induced by Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Open

Paul R. Kinchington, Benjamin E. Warner, William F. Goins, M. Sathyanarayana Rao, Crystal Stinson , et al. · 2017

Lateral thalamic control of nociceptive response after whisker pad injection of varicella zoster virus Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Crystal Stinson, Mikhail Umorin, Mohong Deng, Mahesh Rao , et al. · 2017

Sex differences underlying orofacial varicella zoster associated pain in rats Open

Crystal Stinson, Mohong Deng, Michael B. Yee, Larry L. Bellinger, Paul R. Kinchington , et al. · 2017

Distance‐based Permutation of Inter‐Meal Differences as a Sensitive Test of Temporomandibular Joint Nociception in Rats Open

Mikhail Umorin, Phillip R. Kramer, Larry L. Bellinger · 2017

We compare nonparametric permutation method using intra‐meal rate as endpoint with existing ANOVA method that uses average daily meal duration as an endpoint for detection of chronic pain in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Nociception following bilat…

Genes in the GABA Pathway Increase in the Lateral Thalamus of Sprague–Dawley Rats During the Proestrus/Estrus Phase Open

Mikhail Umorin, Crystal Stinson, Larry L. Bellinger, Phillip R. Kramer · 2015

Pain can vary over the estrous cycle as a result of changes in estradiol concentration but the mechanism causing this variation is unclear. Because the thalamus is important in pain control, gene expression in the lateral thalamus (ventral…

Attenuation of myogenic orofacial nociception and mechanical hypersensitivity by viral mediated enkephalin overproduction in male and female rats Open

Phillip R. Kramer, Mikhail Umorin, Larry L. Bellinger · 2015

The data suggests that sex should be a considered when using this virus and that viral transfection of the mental nerve with an enkephalin transgene can reduce nociception and hypersensitivity through a central mechanism.

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