Explanipedia

Trends in aetiology and antibiotic resistance in bacterial keratitis isolates from South India between 2013-2024 Open

Prajna Lalitha, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Leonie Fingerhut, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Bethany Mills · 2025

Aim: To measure aetiology and antibiotic resistance (AMR) trends of bacteria cultured from corneal scrapings from patients with infectious keratitis at a tertiary referral hospital in South India. Methods: In this retrospective study, bact…

The antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus in the Asia Cornea Society infectious keratitis study Open

Wei‐Boon Khor, Mercy Halleluyah Periayah, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prashant Garg , et al. · 2025

Symptoms as an Indicator of Microbial Keratitis Severity and Its Association With Visual Acuity Open

Dena Ballouz, Leslie M. Niziol, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Sina Farsiu, Roni M. Shtein , et al. · 2025

Objective: Microbial keratitis (MK) is a vision-threatening and often painful corneal infection. This study aims to quantify severity of symptoms of MK at presentation and investigate their association with visual acuity (VA). Methods: The…

Propranolol is efficacious against Aspergillus and Fusarium corneal isolates in vitro and in a murine model of Aspergillus keratitis Open

Michael E. Zegans, Manali M. Kamath, Jane T. Jones, Ruina Bao, Brandon S. Ross , et al. · 2025

Fungal keratitis is a severe corneal infection most commonly caused by filamentous fungi. Even with prompt treatment with current antifungals, it often results in corneal perforation and blindness. In this report, we observe that the beta-…

Multimodal Deep Learning for Differentiating Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis Using Prospective Representative Data Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Jad F. Assaf, Aheli Chattopadhyay, Jennifer Rose‐Nussbaumer, Thomas M. Lietman , et al. · 2024

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

OSSN in South India: Clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathologic correlations Open

P Rajendra Prasad, Sandeep Krishnan, Naveen Radhakrishnan, Sahithya Bhaskaran, N. Venkatesh Prajna · 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathology features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a South Indian population and correlate the area of lesions to the histopatholog…

Association between in vitro susceptibility and clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis Open

Louisa Lu, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Revathi Rajaraman, Muthiah Srinivasan , et al. · 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the association between antifungal susceptibility as measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis. Methods This pre-specified secondary analysi…

Association of Weather Variables With Pathogens Contributing to Conjunctivitis Worldwide Open

Daisy Yan, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Wiwan Sansanayudh, Vannarut Satitpitakul , et al. · 2024

Purpose To identify weather variables associated with pathogens contributing to infectious conjunctivitis globally. Methods Sample collection and pathogen identification from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis was performed from…

Biomarker Detection and Validation for Corneal Involvement in Patients With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Open

Gerami D. Seitzman, Lalitha Prajna, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Wiwan Sansanayudh, Vannarut Satitpitakul , et al. · 2024

Importance Infectious conjunctivitis can lead to corneal involvement and result in ocular morbidity. The identification of biomarkers associated with corneal involvement has the potential to improve patient care. Objective To identify biom…

In vitro and ex vivo models of microbial keratitis: Present and future Open

Kelvin Kah Wai Cheng, Leonie Fingerhut, Sheelagh Duncan, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Adriano G. Rossi , et al. · 2024

Microbial keratitis (MK) is an infection of the cornea, caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. MK leads to significant morbidity, being the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. There is an urgent requirement to better und…

A double-masked, sham-controlled trial of rose bengal photodynamic therapy for the treatment of fungal and acanthameoba keratitis: Rose Bengal Electromagnetic Activation with Green Light for Infection Reduction (REAGIR) Study Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Sankalp Singh Sharma, Denise de Freitas, Ana Luísa Höfling-Lima , et al. · 2024

Background: Infectious keratitis secondary to fungus or acanthamoeba often has a poor outcome despite receiving the best available medical therapy. In vitro Rose Bengal Photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) appears to be effective against fungal a…

Melanin depletion affects Aspergillus flavus conidial surface proteins, architecture, and virulence Open

Ondippili Rudhra, G. Hariharan, S. Sivaramakrishnan, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha , et al. · 2024

Locality is the strongest predictor of expert performance in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers from India Open

Christopher R. Rosenberg, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Muthiah K Srinivasan, Prajna C Lalitha, Tiru Krishnan , et al. · 2024

Purpose: This study sought to identify the sources of differential performance and misclassification error among local (Indian) and external (non-Indian) corneal specialists in identifying bacterial and fungal keratitis based on corneal ph…

Genetic implications of CHST6 gene mutations and their corneal microstructural changes in macular corneal dystrophy patients. Open

Durga Murugan, Roopam Duvesh, Sindhura Devi Adsumilli, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prakash Chermakani , et al. · 2024

In this current study, the combinational findings of MCD-related corneal morphological alterations, immunophenotypes, and mutation spectrum are presented first, which indicated a severe phenotype in patients identified with truncation (del…

A rare case of acute stromal rejection following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in a steroid responder with keratoconus and vernal keratoconjunctivitis Open

Ninad Mudaraddi, Naveen Radhakrishnan, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prabhleen Kochar · 2023

Dear Editor, Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) has become the preferred approach for surgical management of advanced keratoconus as it eliminates the risk of endothelial rejection. However, there is a possibility of rejection of d…

Pathogen Surveillance for Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Open

Edmund Tsui, Ruti Sella, Vivien M. Tham, Alan W. Kong, Esmeralda McClean , et al. · 2023

Importance Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common ocular condition with major public health consequences. Objective To assess regional variations and microbial etiologies of acute infectious conjunctivitis to guide treatment. Design, …

Rapid Point-of-Care Identification of Aspergillus Species in Microbial Keratitis Open

Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Abinaya Chandrasekaran, Karpagam Rajarathinam, Sheelagh Duncan, Kevin Dhaliwal , et al. · 2023

Importance Microbial keratitis (MK) is a common cause of unilateral visual impairment, blindness, and eye loss in low-income and middle-income countries. There is an urgent need to develop and implement rapid and simple point-of-care diagn…

Heterogenous pathogen profile associated with acute conjunctivitis in Nepal Open

Meenu Chaudhary, Sanjeeta Sitaula, Kevin Ruder, Cindi Chen, Lina Zhong , et al. · 2023

Background Infectious conjunctivitis is common in Nepal. Materials and Methods This prospective study recruited 60 patients with presumed acute infectious conjunctivitis from the B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies in Kathmand…

FluoroPi Device With SmartProbes: A Frugal Point-of-Care System for Fluorescent Detection of Bacteria From a Pre-Clinical Model of Microbial Keratitis Open

Syam Mohan P. C. Mohanan, Kay Russell, Sheelagh Duncan, Alex Kiang, Charles Lochenie , et al. · 2023

This study provides a crucial stepping stone toward clinical translation of a rapid, minimally invasive diagnostic approach for MK.

The effect of social determinants of health on severity of microbial keratitis presentation at a tertiary eye care hospital in Southern India Open

Anvesh Annadanam, Patrice M. Hicks, Ming-Chen Lu, Mercy Pawar, Prabhleen Kochar , et al. · 2023

Purpose: Understanding the association between social determinants of health (SDoHs) and microbial keratitis (MK) can inform underlying risk for patients and identify risk factors associated with worse disease, such as presenting visual ac…

Automatic Classification of Slit-Lamp Photographs by Imaging Illumination Open

Ming-Chen Lu, Callie Deng, Miles F. Greenwald, Sina Farsiu, N. Venkatesh Prajna , et al. · 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to facilitate deep learning systems in image annotations for diagnosing keratitis type by developing an automated algorithm to classify slit-lamp photographs (SLPs) based on illumination technique. Method…

Assessing the Impact of Image Quality on Deep Learning Classification of Infectious Keratitis Open

Xiaodong Zhang, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Erin Napier, Maria A. Parker , et al. · 2023

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Apollo Rising: Acute Conjunctivitis Outbreak in India, 2022 Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Vishnu Teja, Ramesh Gunasekaran, Cindi Chen , et al. · 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pathogens associated with the 2022 conjunctivitis outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in November 2022. Patients with presumed acute infectious con…

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Detect no Morphological Differences Between Culture-Positive and Culture-Negative Infectious Keratitis Images Open

Kaitlin Kogachi, Prajna Lalitha, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Jeremy D. Keenan , et al. · 2023

These deep learning models were not able to identify morphological differences between microbiologically positive and negative corneal ulcers. This finding suggests that similar artificial intelligence models trained to identify the causat…

Changing Paradigm in Diagnosing Infectious Keratitis Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna · 2023

Paradigms are destined to change as change alone is the harbinger of progress. While the present is always comfortable, failure to think beyond our circle of comfort results in complacency. Henry Ford, the pioneer of the automobile industr…

Outcomes of Pythium keratitis: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data Open

Binh Cao, Vishnu Teja Gonugunta, Naveen Radhakrishnan, Prajna Lalitha, Bharat Gurnani , et al. · 2022

Quantifying Clinicians’ Diagnostic Uncertainty When Making Initial Treatment Decisions for Microbial Keratitis Open

Patrice M. Hicks, Karandeep Singh, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Ming-Chen Lu, Leslie M. Niziol , et al. · 2022

Purpose: There is a need to understand physicians' diagnostic uncertainty in the initial management of microbial keratitis (MK). This study aimed to understand corneal specialists’ diagnostic uncertainty by establishing risk thresholds for…

The Case for Fungal Keratitis to Be Accepted as a Neglected Tropical Disease Open

Lottie Brown, Guyguy Kamwiziku, Rita Oladele, Matthew J. Burton, N. Venkatesh Prajna , et al. · 2022

Amongst the treatable cause of blindness among young people, fungal keratitis ranks high. There are an estimated 1,051,787 to 1,480,916 eyes affected annually, with 8–11% of patients having to have the eye removed. Diagnosis requires a cor…

Deep sequencing analysis of clinical samples from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 delta surge in Madurai, India Open

Prajna Lalitha, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Gonugunta Vishnu Teja, Sankalp Singh Sharma , et al. · 2022

Outpatient human coronavirus associated conjunctivitis in India Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Gonugunta Vishnu Teja, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Sankalp Singh Sharma , et al. · 2022

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