Accurate assessment of stand structure is fundamental for elucidating the relationship between forest structure and ecological function, which is vital for enhancing forest quality and ecosystem services. This study, conducted in a 1 hm2 plot of old-growth broadleaved-Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, integrated Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), precise geographic coordinates, Quantitative Structure Models (QSM), and wood density data. This methodology enabled a precise, non-destructive quantification of ke…

Accurate individual tree segmentation (ITS) is fundamental to forest management and to the studies of forest ecosystem. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Light Detection and Ranging (UAV-LiDAR) shows advantages for ITS and tree height estimation at stand and landscape scale. However, dense deciduous forests with tightly interlocked tree crowns challenge the performance for ITS. Available LiDAR points through tree crown and appropriate algorithm are expected to attack the problem. In this study, a new UAV-LiDAR dataset that …

During the restoration of secondary forests in Northeast China, it is critically important to promote seed recruitment of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), which is highly dependent on rodents and significantly affected by spatially heterogeneous understory vegetation of forest gaps. Understanding the link between understory microhabitats and rodent-mediated seed dispersal, including post-dispersal seed predation and scatter-hoarding seed escaped predation, is essential to improve seed survival. Previous studies hav…

To meet the multi-cooperation production demand of enterprises, the distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) has become the frontier research in the field of manufacturing systems. In this paper, we investigate the DPFSP by minimizing a makespan criterion under the constraint of sequence-dependent setup times. To solve DPFSPs, significant developments of some metaheuristic algorithms are necessary. In this context, a simple and effective improved iterated greedy (NIG) algorithm is proposed to m…

To promote research on dynamic constrained multiobjective optimization, we first propose a group of generic test problems with challenging characteristics, including different modes of the true Pareto front (e.g., convexity-concavity and connectedness-disconnectedness) and the changing feasible region. Subsequently, motivated by the challenges presented by dynamism and constraints, we design a dynamic constrained multiobjective optimization algorithm with a nondominated solution selection operator, a mating select…