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View article: Continuous Diagnostics for Powered Superconducting Circuits
Continuous Diagnostics for Powered Superconducting Circuits Open
Monitoring the electrical properties of superconducting devices in their unpowered state has proven essential for commissioning and fault diagnosis during LHC machine operation. Furthermore, continuous diagnostics of powered superconductin…
View article: Machine Protection in the High Luminosity LHC
Machine Protection in the High Luminosity LHC Open
In the high luminosity era of the LHC, the energy stored in the two beams will nearly double as compared with the design value of the current LHC and the beta functions will significantly increase in critical locations. In addition, novel …
View article: Enabling Real-Time Impedance Measurements of Operational Superconducting Circuits of Accelerator Magnets
Enabling Real-Time Impedance Measurements of Operational Superconducting Circuits of Accelerator Magnets Open
Impedance measurements of superconducting circuits routinely serve as means to anticipate their dynamic response and validate their electrical integrity. Usual procedures involve performing tests on non-powered systems during commissioning…
View article: Experimental Program of the HL-LHC Inner Triplet String Test at CERN
Experimental Program of the HL-LHC Inner Triplet String Test at CERN Open
This contribution describes the experimental program already undergoing and to be completed on the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Inner Triplet (IT) String, an important intermediate milestone of the HL-LHC project at CERN.…
View article: Methods to detect faulty splices in the superconducting magnet system of the LHC
Methods to detect faulty splices in the superconducting magnet system of the LHC Open
The incident of 19 September 2008 at the LHC was caused by a faulty inter-magnet splice of about 200 n{Omega} resistance. Cryogenic and electrical techniques have been developed to detect other abnormal splices, either between or inside th…
View article: Machine protection
Machine protection Open
Since the previous TDR version 0.1, the hardware development has made significant progress. The universal quench detection system, CLIQ and energy extraction system prototypes have been successfully produced and tested and first units have…
View article: Characterization of the radiation tolerance of cryogenic diodes for the High Luminosity LHC inner triplet circuit
Characterization of the radiation tolerance of cryogenic diodes for the High Luminosity LHC inner triplet circuit Open
Cryogenic bypass diodes are part of the baseline powering layout for the circuits of the new Nb3Sn based final focus magnets of the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider. They will protect the magnets against excessive transient voltages d…
View article: New Quench Detection System to Enhance Protection of the Individually Powered Magnets in the Large Hadron Collider
New Quench Detection System to Enhance Protection of the Individually Powered Magnets in the Large Hadron Collider Open
To further improve the existing Quench Detection System (QDS) of individually powered magnets installed in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a new radiation tolerant electronic board was developed. The board provides three signal acquisitio…
View article: LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at Ultimate Energy of 7.5 TeV
LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at Ultimate Energy of 7.5 TeV Open
This report discusses the feasibility and limitations for operating the LHC and HL-LHC at the ultimate beam energy of 7.5 TeV, corresponding to a main dipole magnetic field of 8.93 T and an operating current of 12748 A.
View article: Characterisation of the Radiation Hardness of Cryogenic Bypass Diodes for the HL-LHC Inner Triplet Quadrupole Circuit
Characterisation of the Radiation Hardness of Cryogenic Bypass Diodes for the HL-LHC Inner Triplet Quadrupole Circuit Open
The powering layout of the new HL-LHC Nb₃Sn triplet circuits is the use of cryogenic bypass diodes, where the diodes are located inside an extension to the magnet cryostat, operated in superfluid helium and exposed to radiation. Therefore,…
View article: Quench Detection and Diagnostic Systems for the Superconducting Circuits for the HL-LHC
Quench Detection and Diagnostic Systems for the Superconducting Circuits for the HL-LHC Open
The High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) will incorporate a new generation of superconducting elements such as high field superconducting magnets based on Nb₃Sn conductors and MgB₂ based high temperature superconducting links for magnet po…
View article: Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era
Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era Open
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully completed its second operational run of four years length in December 2018. Operation will be stopped during two years for maintenance and upgrades. To allow for the successful completion of…
View article: Experimental Setup to Characterize the Radiation Hardness of Cryogenic Bypass Diodes for the HL-LHC Inner Triplet Circuits
Experimental Setup to Characterize the Radiation Hardness of Cryogenic Bypass Diodes for the HL-LHC Inner Triplet Circuits Open
For the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it is planned to replace the existing triplet quadrupole magnets with Nb₃Sn quadrupole magnets, which provide a comparable integrated field gradient with a significantly i…
View article: An Enhanced Quench Detection System for Main Quadrupole Magnets in the Large Hadron Collider
An Enhanced Quench Detection System for Main Quadrupole Magnets in the Large Hadron Collider Open
To further improve the performance and reliability of the quench detection system (QDS) for main quadrupole magnets in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), there is a planned upgrade of the system during the long shutdown period of the LHC in …
View article: LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at 7 TeV
LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at 7 TeV Open
This is the first report of a three volume study on the full energy exploitation of the LHC. The report summaries the necessary preparations and consolidation work and the potential performance reach for operating the LHC at its nominal be…
View article: Single event effects in high-energy accelerators
Single event effects in high-energy accelerators Open
The radiation environment encountered at high-energy hadron accelerators strongly differs from the environment relevant for space applications. The mixed-field expected at modern accelerators is composed of charged and neutral hadrons (pro…
View article: Analysis of the Dependability of the LHC Quench Detection System During LHC Run 2 and Further System Evolution
Analysis of the Dependability of the LHC Quench Detection System During LHC Run 2 and Further System Evolution Open
The quench detection system (QDS) of the LHC superconducting circuits is an essential part of the LHC machine protection and ensures the integrity of key elements of the accelerator. The large amount of hardwired and software interlock cha…
View article: QPS performance during the 2016 LHC run
QPS performance during the 2016 LHC run Open
The LHC quench protection system consisting of more than 13000 quench detectors and more than 6000 actuators (quench heater power supplies and energy extraction systems) reached an impact availability of 99.49% during the 2016 proton Run. …
View article: Development of radiation tolerant components for the Quench Protection System at CERN
Development of radiation tolerant components for the Quench Protection System at CERN Open
This paper describes the results of irradiation campaigns with the high resolution Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) ADS1281. This ADC will be used as part of a revised quench detection circuit for the 600 A corrector magnets at the CERN L…
View article: Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System
Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System Open
The optical fibres that transmit the beam permit loop signals at the CERN accelerator complex are deployed along radiation areas. This may result in increased attenuation of the fibres, which reduces the power margin of the links. In addit…
View article: Enhanced Diagnostic Systems for the Supervision of the Superconducting Circuits of the LHC
Enhanced Diagnostic Systems for the Supervision of the Superconducting Circuits of the LHC Open
Being an integral part of the protection system for the superconducting circuits of the LHC, the data acquisition systems used for the circuit supervision underwent a substantial upgrade during the first long shutdown of the LHC. The sampl…
View article: Machine Protection, Interlocks and Availability
Machine Protection, Interlocks and Availability Open
Chapter 7 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 201…
View article: Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System
Fibre Monitoring System for the Beam Permit Loops at the LHC and Future Evolution of the Beam Interlock System Open
The optical fibres that transmit the beam permit loop signals at the CERN accelerator complex are deployed along radiation areas. This may result in increased attenuation of the fibres, which reduces the power margin of the links. In addit…