R. Elias Alvarado
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View article: SARS-CoV-2 EndoU-ribonuclease regulates RNA recombination and impacts viral fitness
SARS-CoV-2 EndoU-ribonuclease regulates RNA recombination and impacts viral fitness Open
Coronaviruses (CoVs) maintain large RNA genomes that frequently undergo mutations and recombination, contributing to their evolution and emergence. In this study, we find that SARS-CoV-2 has greater RNA recombination frequency than other h…
View article: Key residues in SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 hyper variable region are necessary to modulate early stress granule activity
Key residues in SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 hyper variable region are necessary to modulate early stress granule activity Open
Antagonism of the host responses that limits viral replication is critical to the success of infection. Recently, we identified that the hypervariable region (HVR) of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 binds to FXR1 and disrupts stress granule formation duri…
View article: Convergent evolution in nucleocapsid facilitated SARS-CoV-2 adaptation for human infection
Convergent evolution in nucleocapsid facilitated SARS-CoV-2 adaptation for human infection Open
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) independently acquired mutations in the highly variable 203–205 amino acid region of the nucleocapsid (N) protein including R203K + G204R (foun…
View article: The furin cleavage site is required for pathogenesis, but not transmission, of SARS-CoV-2
The furin cleavage site is required for pathogenesis, but not transmission, of SARS-CoV-2 Open
The SARS-CoV-2 spike, key to viral entry, has two features that differentiate it from other sarbecoviruses: the presence of a furin cleavage site (FCS; PRRAR sequence) and an extended S1/S2 loop characterized by an upstream QTQTN amino aci…
View article: The furin cleavage site is required for pathogenesis, but not transmission of SARS-CoV-2
The furin cleavage site is required for pathogenesis, but not transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Open
The SARS-CoV-2 spike, key to viral entry, has two features that differentiate it from other sarbecoviruses: the presence of a furin cleavage site (FCS; PRRAR sequence) and an extended S1/S2 loop characterized by an upstream QTQTN amino aci…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 EndoU-ribonuclease regulates RNA recombination and impacts viral fitness
SARS-CoV-2 EndoU-ribonuclease regulates RNA recombination and impacts viral fitness Open
Coronaviruses (CoVs) maintain large RNA genomes that frequently undergoes mutations and recombination, contributing to their evolution and emergence. In this study, we find that SARS-CoV-2 has greater RNA recombination frequency than other…
View article: Interaction between host G3BP and viral nucleocapsid protein regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenicity
Interaction between host G3BP and viral nucleocapsid protein regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenicity Open
View article: The NSP3 protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds fragile X mental retardation proteins to disrupt UBAP2L interactions
The NSP3 protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds fragile X mental retardation proteins to disrupt UBAP2L interactions Open
View article: SARS-CoV-2 hijacks fragile X mental retardation proteins for efficient infection
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks fragile X mental retardation proteins for efficient infection Open
Viruses interact with numerous host factors to facilitate viral replication and to dampen antiviral defense mechanisms. We currently have a limited mechanistic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 binds host factors and the functional role of t…
View article: Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection
Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged in 2022 with >30 novel amino acid mutations in the spike protein alone. While most studies focus on receptor binding domain changes, mutations in the C-terminus of S1 (CTS1), adjacent to the furin cleava…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 To Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3
SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 To Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3 Open
Similar to other coronaviruses, disruption of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) NSP16 function attenuates viral replication in a type I interferon-dependent manner. In vivo , our results show reduced disease and …
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 to Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3
SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 to Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3 Open
Understanding the molecular basis of innate immune evasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important consideration for designing the next wave of therapeutics. Here, we investigate the role of the nons…
View article: QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis Open
The furin cleavage site (FCS), an unusual feature in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, has been spotlighted as a factor key to facilitating infection and pathogenesis by increasing spike processing. Similarly, the QTQTN motif directly upstream…
View article: Investigation of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Texas summer camp resulting from a single introduction
Investigation of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Texas summer camp resulting from a single introduction Open
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It is estimated that only 10 aerosol-borne virus particles are sufficient to establish a secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, the dispersal pattern of SARS…
View article: QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis Open
The furin cleavage site (FCS), an unusual feature in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, has been spotlighted as a factor key to facilitating infection and pathogenesis by increasing spike processing 1,2 . Similarly, the QTQTN motif directly ups…
View article: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of West Nile Virus Isolate 2004Hou3
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of West Nile Virus Isolate 2004Hou3 Open
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus with important public health implications globally. This study characterizes a viral isolate, 2004Hou3, in comparison with the NY99 strain from the original WNV outbreak in New York, USA. NextGen seque…
View article: Optimizing PCR Detection of West Nile Virus from Body Fluid Specimens to Delineate Natural History in an Infected Human Cohort
Optimizing PCR Detection of West Nile Virus from Body Fluid Specimens to Delineate Natural History in an Infected Human Cohort Open
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne arbovirus, remains a major global health concern. In this study, we optimized PCR methods then assessed serially-collected whole blood (WB), urine (UR), saliva, and semen specimens from a large cohor…