Explanipedia

Fiber-Optic Sensing for Earthquake Hazards Research, Monitoring, and Early Warning Open

J. J. McGuire, Andrew J. Barbour, Zack Spica, Verónica Rodrı́guez Tribaldos, Zhongwen Zhan , et al. · 2025

The use of fiber-optic sensing systems in seismology has exploded in the past decade. Despite an ever-growing library of ground-breaking studies, questions remain about the potential of fiber-optic sensing technologies as tools for advanci…

Near-Surface Tomography from Train Vibrations with Distributed Acoustic Sensing Open

Chih‐Chieh Chien, Peter Gerstoft, R. J. Mellors, Adam P. Young, Mark A. Zumberge · 2025

On single-station, six degree-of-freedom observations of local to regional seismicity at the Piñon Flat Observatory in Southern California Open

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2025

In September 2022, a portable, three-component rotational rate sensor, namely a blueSeis-3A gyroscope, has been deployed at the underground vault of the Pinon Flat Observatory (PFO) in southern California. A three-component, broadband seis…

Calibrating Strain Measurements: A Comparative Study of DAS, Strainmeter, and Seismic Data Open

Chih‐Chieh Chien, Peter Gerstoft, William Hatfield, L. Hollberg, Bradley P. Lipovsky , et al. · 2025

Significant interest has developed in using optical fibers for seismology through Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). However, converting DAS strain measurements to actual ground motions can result in errors and uncertainties due to imperf…

Listening to Earth’s Subsurface with Distributed Acoustic Sensing Open

Yingping Li, R. J. Mellors, Ge Zhan · 2025

A new book examines how fiber-optic cables installed in boreholes can monitor seismic activity, fluid flow, subsurface temperatures, and more.

Listening to Earth’s Subsurface with Distributed Acoustic Sensing Open

Yingping Li, R. J. Mellors, Ge Zhan · 2025

A new book examines how fiber-optic cables installed in boreholes can monitor seismic activity, fluid flow, subsurface temperatures, and more.

An overview of the source physics experiments (SPE) at the Nevada national security site (NNSS) Open

Catherine Snelson, Duncan Barker, R. L. White, R. F. Emmitt, Mike Townsend , et al. · 2024

Coated optical fiber and method of making same Open

Michael J. Messerly, Nicholas P. Calta, Selim Elhadj, Andrew Lange, Cody Mart , et al. · 2023

A method is disclosed of making a coated optical fiber. The method may involve drawing a preform through a furnace to create a fiber having a desired diameter and cross sectional shape. The fiber is then drawn through a slurry, wherein the…

Using in-situ strain measurements to evaluate the accuracy of stress estimation procedures from fracture injection/shut-in tests Open

Yves Guglielmi, Mark McClure, Jeffrey Burghardt, Joseph P. Morris, T. Doe , et al. · 2023

Fracture injection/shut-in tests are commonly used to measure the state of stress in the subsurface. Injection creates a hydraulic fracture (or in some cases, opens a preexisting fracture), and then the pressure after shut-in is monitored …

A Metadata Exchange Model for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) by the DAS-RCN Data Management Team Open

K. M. Hodgkinson, Voon Hui Lai, R. J. Mellors, Robert Porritt · 2023

Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing to Characterize a Geothermal System in the Imperial Valley, Southern California Open

Feng Cheng, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Avinash Nayak, Verónica Rodrı́guez Tribaldos, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2023

The Imperial Valley, CA, is a tectonically active transtensional basin located south of the Salton Sea; the area hosts numerous geothermal fields, including significant hidden hydrothermal resources without surface manifestations. Developm…

A Metadata Exchange Model for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Open

K. M. Hodgkinson, Voon Hui Lai, R. J. Mellors, Robert Porritt, Adrian Stanciu · 2023

0.340909091 Open

K. M. Hodgkinson, Robert Porritt, Adrian Stanciu, R. J. Mellors, Voon Hui Lai · 2023

Observing and analysing seismicity with a permanet 6C station Open

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2023

In September 2022, a three-component rotational rate sensor (blueSeis-3A) provided by IRIS has been deployed at the underground vault of the Piñon Flat Observatory (PFO) near San Diego in California. A three-component broadband seismo…

Automatic classification with an autoencoder of seismic signals on a distributed acoustic sensing cable Open

Chih‐Chieh Chien, William F. Jenkins, Peter Gerstoft, Mark A. Zumberge, R. J. Mellors · 2023

This study probes the association between fluid injection in enhanced geothermal systems and certain kinds of seismicity that may result from hydraulic fracturing occurring at depth using unsupervised machine learning. In April and May 201…

Comparisons Between Array Derived Dynamic Strain Rate (ADDS) and Fiber‐Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Strain Rate Open

G. A. Ichinose, R. J. Mellors, Justin Barno, R. Gök · 2022

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) strain rate and particle velocity can be compared through approximate scaling with medium velocity. We instead performed a direct comparison between array derived dynamic strain (ADDS) rate and DAS strain…

Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing to Characterize a Geothermal System in the Imperial Valley, Southern California Open

Feng Cheng, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Avinash Nayak, Verónica Rodrı́guez Tribaldos, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2022

The Imperial Valley, CA, is a tectonically active transtensional basin located south of the Salton Sea; the area hosts numerous geothermal fields, including significant hidden hydrothermal resources without surface manifestations. Developm…

The Imperial Valley Dark Fiber Project: Toward Seismic Studies Using DAS and Telecom Infrastructure for Geothermal Applications Open

Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Verónica Rodrı́guez Tribaldos, Avinash Nayak, Feng Cheng, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2022

The Imperial Valley is a seismically active basin occupying the southern end of the Salton trough, an area of rapid extension, high heat flow, and abundant geothermal resources. This report describes an ongoing large-scale distributed acou…

Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga Open

Robin S. Matoza, David Fee, Jelle Assink, Alexandra M. Iezzi, David N. Green , et al. · 2022

The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observe…

Initial steps towards a DAS metadata model. Open

R. J. Mellors, K. M. Hodgkinson, Voon Lai · 2022

Improved Resolution across the Global Seismographic Network: A New Era in Low-Frequency Seismology Open

A. T. Ringler, R. E. Anthony, P. Davis, Carl Ebeling, K. Hafner , et al. · 2022

The Global Seismographic Network (GSN)—a global network of ≈150 very broadband stations—is used by researchers to study the free oscillations of the Earth (≈0.3–10 mHz) following large earthquakes. Normal-mode observations can provide info…

DAS Data Management Challenges and Needs Open

R. J. Mellors, Chad Trabant · 2022

<p>Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a relatively recent technology that has the capability to collect seismic (and other data) time series data using optical fiber as sensors. These optical fibers may be custom deployments or re…

Modeling Subsurface Explosions Recorded on a Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor Open

R. J. Mellors, Robert Abbott, David W. Steedman, David Podrasky, Arben Pitarka · 2021

Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) are becoming a widely used tool for seismic sensing. Here we examine recordings of two subsurface chemical explosions, DAG‐1 and DAG‐3, each of which was about one metric ton (TNT equivalent),…

Seismic Array Analysis Using Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing on Small Local and Regional Earthquakes Open

G. A. Ichinose, R. J. Mellors · 2021

We examined the feasibility of using fiber-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) as an alternative to a traditional seismic array. Seismic arrays are used routinely globally to measure waveform propagation parameters and signal features…

EVALUATION OF A GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT USING A STOCHASTIC JOINT INVERSION MODELING PROCEDURE Open

Andrew F. B. Tompson, R. J. Mellors, A. Ramirez, Mingjie Chen, K Dyer , et al. · 2021

HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMIC VELOCITY AND ATTENUATION MODELS OF THE CAUCASUS-CASPIAN REGION Open

R. J. Mellors, R. Gök, Eric Sandvol · 2021

The southwest edge of Eurasia is a tectonically and structurally complex region that includes the Caspian and Black Sea basins, the Caucasus Mountains, and the high plateaus south of the Caucasus. Crustal and upper mantle velocities show g…

Constraining maximum event magnitude during injection-triggered seismicity Open

Ziyan Li, Derek Elsworth, Chaoyi Wang, Linda D. Boyd, Z. Frone , et al. · 2021

Continuous Improvement in the Performance and Operations of the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) Open

K. Hafner, Dave Wilson, R. J. Mellors, Pete Davis · 2021

<p>The decades long recordings of high-quality open data from the Global Seismographic Network have facilitated studies of earth structure and earthquake processes, as well as monitoring of earthquakes and explosions worldwide.&#…

Using Dense Array Waveform Correlations to Build a Velocity Model with Stochastic Variability Open

Arben Pitarka, R. J. Mellors · 2021

In an ongoing effort to improve 3D seismic-wave propagation modeling for frequencies up to 10 Hz, we used cross correlations between vertical-component waveforms from an underground chemical explosion to estimate the statistical properties…

Regional Moment Tensor Inversion Using Rotational Observations Open

G. A. Ichinose, S. R. Ford, R. J. Mellors · 2020

Abstract There are benefits from the addition of rotational motions to translational displacements for moment tensor (MT) inversions. The rotational radiation pattern is orthogonal to the shear radiation pattern, thus incorporating rotatio…

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