Rajeev Krishnadas
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View article: Clozapine prescribing for young people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Clozapine prescribing for young people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia Open
SUMMARY Clozapine is the only medication specifically recommended for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but research suggests that it is universally underprescribed, particularly among children and adolescents. This article discusses clin…
View article: Altered functional connectivity of the hippocampus in cortico-subcortical networks in early-stage and emerging psychosis
Altered functional connectivity of the hippocampus in cortico-subcortical networks in early-stage and emerging psychosis Open
Background Deficits in the hippocampus are a consistent finding in schizophrenia and have also been demonstrated in early-stage psychosis. Moreover, alterations in hippocampal anatomy and connectivity have been implicated in aberrant funct…
View article: A problem at the heart of precision medicine – are current clinical prediction models fully actionable for individuals?
A problem at the heart of precision medicine – are current clinical prediction models fully actionable for individuals? Open
Current clinical prediction models are static models of association, rather than correctly specified counterfactual prediction models based on modifiable causes. They do not tell us that, if we change a predictor variable, this will alter …
View article: Takotsubo syndrome: cognitive behavioural therapy, physical training, and brain function recovery in the BREAKOUT trial
Takotsubo syndrome: cognitive behavioural therapy, physical training, and brain function recovery in the BREAKOUT trial Open
No abstract available.
View article: Differences in electrode placements between consensual and nonconsensual electroconvulsive therapy: retrospective chart review study
Differences in electrode placements between consensual and nonconsensual electroconvulsive therapy: retrospective chart review study Open
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often used to treat severe mental disorders in individuals with impaired capacity to consent to the treatment. Little is known about how different types of electrode placement are used in conse…
View article: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity Open
Background: People with psychosis have a reduced life expectancy by 15 years, mainly due to preventable physical illnesses for which obesity is a precursor. Obesity is three times more common in psychosis and antipsychotics are an importan…
View article: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity Open
Background: People with psychosis have a reduced life expectancy by 15 years, mainly due to preventable physical illnesses for which obesity is a precursor. Obesity is three times more common in psychosis and antipsychotics are an importan…
View article: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in psychosis – a causal mediation analysis and feasibility study of casual actionable prediction model development using counterfactuals to target obesity Open
Background: People with psychosis have a reduced life expectancy by 15 years, mainly due to preventable physical illnesses for which obesity is a precursor. Obesity is three times more common in psychosis and antipsychotics are an importan…
View article: Ethnic Bias in Prediction and Decision Making Algorithms in Precision Psychiatry: Challenges in a Shrinking World
Ethnic Bias in Prediction and Decision Making Algorithms in Precision Psychiatry: Challenges in a Shrinking World Open
This article examines ethnic bias in predictive algorithms and decision-making systems within precision psychiatry. While these models aim to provide individualised outcomes and improve healthcare, they often perpetuate historical biases p…
View article: Bridging Cultures, Building Lives: Navigating Transcultural Crossroads in Psychosocial Rehabilitation in a Shrinking World
Bridging Cultures, Building Lives: Navigating Transcultural Crossroads in Psychosocial Rehabilitation in a Shrinking World Open
View article: A problem at the heart of precision medicine – are current clinical prediction models fully actionable for individuals?
A problem at the heart of precision medicine – are current clinical prediction models fully actionable for individuals? Open
Current clinical prediction models are static models of association, rather than correctly specified counterfactual prediction models based on modifiable causes. They do not tell us that, if we change a predictor variable, this will alter …
View article: Precision psychiatry: thinking beyond simple prediction models – enhancing causal predictions
Precision psychiatry: thinking beyond simple prediction models – enhancing causal predictions Open
Making informed clinical decisions based on individualised outcome predictions is the cornerstone of precision psychiatry. Prediction models currently employed in psychiatry rely on algorithms that map a statistical relationship between cl…
View article: Choroid plexus morphology in schizophrenia and early-stage psychosis: A cross-sectional study
Choroid plexus morphology in schizophrenia and early-stage psychosis: A cross-sectional study Open
Our findings suggest that morphological alterations are not specific to the choroid plexus in schizophrenia and early-stage psychosis. Previously reported choroid plexus abnormalities in schizophrenia patients could be explained by changes…
View article: If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again? Antipsychotic Trials and Clozapine Provision in Glasgow's Esteem (Early Intervention in Psychosis) Service
If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again? Antipsychotic Trials and Clozapine Provision in Glasgow's Esteem (Early Intervention in Psychosis) Service Open
Aims To support evidence gathering for Esteem's RCPsych Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) network accreditation efforts, an audit was conducted to investigate compliance with EIPN's quality standards (QS) no. 33 and no. 36. EIPN QS 33 …
View article: Mild exogenous inflammation blunts neural signatures of bounded evidence accumulation and reward prediction error processing in healthy male participants
Mild exogenous inflammation blunts neural signatures of bounded evidence accumulation and reward prediction error processing in healthy male participants Open
Our study extends current insights into the effects of inflammation on the neural mechanisms of decision making and shows that exogenous inflammation alters neural activity indexing efficiency of evidence integration, as a function of choi…
View article: Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: time for a rethink?
Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: time for a rethink? Open
SUMMARY Recent years have seen a rise in media coverage as well as demand for specialist attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessments in adults and children. This article explores the challenges in the diagnostic process for…
View article: Entrainment of neural oscillations during language processing in Early-Stage schizophrenia
Entrainment of neural oscillations during language processing in Early-Stage schizophrenia Open
Our results show that CHR-P participants involve impairments in theta-band entrainment during speech tracking in left primary auditory cortex while higher-order speech processing areas were intact. Moreover, the severity of aberrant percep…
View article: A systematic review of factors prolonging or reducing the duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries
A systematic review of factors prolonging or reducing the duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries Open
Aim This review aims to identify factors that may prolong or reduce the duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Methods Electronic searches of six databases were conducted, to find stu…
View article: Intact Mismatch Negativity Responses in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Psychosis: Evidence From Source-Reconstructed Event-Related Fields and Time-Frequency Data
Intact Mismatch Negativity Responses in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Psychosis: Evidence From Source-Reconstructed Event-Related Fields and Time-Frequency Data Open
Our data suggest that magnetic MMN responses in magnetoencephalography data are not impaired in early-stage psychosis and may not predict clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
View article: Thalamo-cortical circuits during sensory attenuation in emerging psychosis: a combined magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study
Thalamo-cortical circuits during sensory attenuation in emerging psychosis: a combined magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study Open
Evidence suggests that schizophrenia (ScZ) involves impairments in sensory attenuation. It is currently unclear, however, whether such deficits are present during early-stage psychosis as well as the underlying network and the potential as…
View article: Peripheral inflammation is associated with alterations in brain biochemistry and mood: evidence from <i>in vivo</i> proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Peripheral inflammation is associated with alterations in brain biochemistry and mood: evidence from <i>in vivo</i> proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study Open
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a protein implicated in the prognosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an autoimmune disease associated with episodes of clinical depression (CD). CD has been linked to abnormalities in the forebrain and subco…
View article: Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Acute Takotsubo Syndrome
Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Acute Takotsubo Syndrome Open
The authors showed smaller gray and white matter volumes driven by smaller cortical surface area, but increased cortical thickness and structural tractography connections with bidirectional changes in functional connectivity linked to emot…
View article: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signatures of Pavlovian and Instrumental Valuation Systems during a Modified Orthogonalized Go/No-go Task
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signatures of Pavlovian and Instrumental Valuation Systems during a Modified Orthogonalized Go/No-go Task Open
Motivational (i.e., Pavlovian) values interfere with instrumental responding and can lead to suboptimal decision-making. In humans, task-based neuroimaging studies have only recently started illuminating the functional neuroanatomy of Pavl…
View article: 4 Brain phenotype of takotsubo syndrome
4 Brain phenotype of takotsubo syndrome Open
Introduction Takotsubo syndrome presents like an acute myocardial infarction but typically occurs in the aftermath of psychological stress, affecting predominantly women. Here we present a complete grey and white matter structural tractogr…
View article: Five points to consider when reading a translational machine-learning paper
Five points to consider when reading a translational machine-learning paper Open
Summary Machine-learning techniques are used in this BJPsych special issue on precision medicine in attempts to create statistical models that make clinically relevant predictions for individual patients. In this primer, we outline five ke…
View article: Assessment and treatment of <scp>ADHD</scp> in adults
Assessment and treatment of <span>ADHD</span> in adults Open
ADHD is a condition that is often missed or misdiagnosed in adults, but successfully identifying and treating it can improve clinical and functional outcomes. This article discusses how to recognise and diagnose ADHD in adults, and outline…
View article: Hippocampal structural alterations in early-stage psychosis: Specificity and relationship to clinical outcomes
Hippocampal structural alterations in early-stage psychosis: Specificity and relationship to clinical outcomes Open
Hippocampal dysfunctions are a core feature of schizophrenia, but conflicting evidence exists whether volumetric and morphological changes are present in early-stage psychosis and to what extent these deficits are related to clinical traje…
View article: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis for psychiatrists: the essentials
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis for psychiatrists: the essentials Open
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis predominantly presents with psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatrists need to be alert to this diagnostic possibility, especially in female adolescents and young adults, as exemplified by t…
View article: Development and validation of a non-remission risk prediction model in First Episode Psychosis: An analysis of two longitudinal studies
Development and validation of a non-remission risk prediction model in First Episode Psychosis: An analysis of two longitudinal studies Open
Aims Psychosis is a major mental illness with first onset in young adults. The prognosis is poor in around half of the people affected, and difficult to predict. The few tools available to predict prognosis have major weaknesses which limi…
View article: 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses Characterize Circuit Dysfunctions and Predict Clinical Outcomes in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Participants: A Magnetoencephalography Study
40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses Characterize Circuit Dysfunctions and Predict Clinical Outcomes in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Participants: A Magnetoencephalography Study Open
Our data indicate that deficits in gamma-band entrainment in the primary auditory cortex and subcortical areas constitute a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.