Richard B. Johnston
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View article: Interferon-gamma 1b-induced gene expression alters neutrophil function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Interferon-gamma 1b-induced gene expression alters neutrophil function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease Open
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) decreases infections in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with variably incomplete restoration of the fundamental CGD defect, converting oxygen to microbicidal oxidants during phagocytosis. We sought to understan…
View article: Reducing water quality data inequities: A low-cost to a membrane filtration technique for the quantification of Escherichia coli in drinking water in low-resource contexts
Reducing water quality data inequities: A low-cost to a membrane filtration technique for the quantification of Escherichia coli in drinking water in low-resource contexts Open
Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right and a policy priority, reflected in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To monitor progress on SDG Target 6.1—safely managed drinking water services—many count…
View article: Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes
Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes Open
WHO and Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
View article: Estimating vaccine-preventable COVID-19 deaths under counterfactual vaccination scenarios in the United States
Estimating vaccine-preventable COVID-19 deaths under counterfactual vaccination scenarios in the United States Open
In early 2021, effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in the United States; by mid-April 2021, vaccine availability outstripped demand, daily vaccination rates peaked, and COVID-19 vaccines were found highly effective in…
View article: Estimating Vaccine-Preventable COVID-19 Deaths Among Adults Under Counterfactual Vaccination Scenarios in The United States: A Modeling Study Using Observational Data
Estimating Vaccine-Preventable COVID-19 Deaths Among Adults Under Counterfactual Vaccination Scenarios in The United States: A Modeling Study Using Observational Data Open
Introduction: In early 2021, effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in the United States; by mid-April 2021, vaccine availability outstripped demand, daily vaccination rates peaked, and COVID-19 vaccines were found highl…
View article: Estimating Vaccine-Preventable COVID-19 Deaths Under Counterfactual Vaccination Scenarios in the United States
Estimating Vaccine-Preventable COVID-19 Deaths Under Counterfactual Vaccination Scenarios in the United States Open
Importance With an abundant supply of COVID-19 vaccines becoming available in spring and summer 2021, the major barrier to high vaccination rates in the United States has been a lack of vaccine demand. This has contributed to a higher rate…
View article: Plus ça Change?
Plus ça Change? Open
Over the past decades, the political landscape in Germany has undergone a fundamental transformation: Loyal partisans have become fewer whereas the number of parties and electoral volatility have grown. Paradoxically, election outcomes hav…
View article: Costs of hand hygiene for all in household settings: estimating the price tag for the 46 least developed countries
Costs of hand hygiene for all in household settings: estimating the price tag for the 46 least developed countries Open
Introduction Domestic hand hygiene could prevent over 500 000 attributable deaths per year, but 6 in 10 people in least developed countries (LDCs) do not have a handwashing facility (HWF) with soap and water available at home. We estimated…
View article: Monitoring Drinking Water Quality in Nationally Representative Household Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Cross-Sectional Analysis of 27 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2014–2020
Monitoring Drinking Water Quality in Nationally Representative Household Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Cross-Sectional Analysis of 27 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2014–2020 Open
Cross-sectional water quality data can be collected in household surveys and can be used to assess inequalities in service levels, to track the SDG indicator of SMDWs, and to examine risk factors for contamination. There is an urgent need …
View article: Avances en la investigación sobre aves migratorias neárticas-neotropicales en Colombia y retos para el futuro: trabajos del III Congreso de Ornitología Colombiana, 2010
Avances en la investigación sobre aves migratorias neárticas-neotropicales en Colombia y retos para el futuro: trabajos del III Congreso de Ornitología Colombiana, 2010 Open
Research on Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds in Colombia has strengthened in the last decade although most work has been centered on boreal migrants. Achievements are reflected in recent publications, in the studies presented at nation…
View article: Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests
Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests Open
To monitor safely managed drinking water services, an increasing number of countries have integrated water quality testing for Escherichia coli into nationally-representative household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys…
View article: Safely managed drinking water services in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: findings from the 2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Safely managed drinking water services in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: findings from the 2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Open
Safely managed drinking water services (SMDWS) is the service ladder used for the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) monitoring of drinking water and expands on the Millennium Development Goal metric (“improved water source”) with three ad…
View article: Chemical Interactions Between Iron and Arsenic in Water
Chemical Interactions Between Iron and Arsenic in Water Open
This dissertation presents results from a series of experiments involving precipitation of ferrous arsenate, redox reactions between various Fe/As couples, and competitive adsorption. Batch and column experiments were made and interpreted …
View article: Evaluation of the novel substrate RUG™ for the detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>in water from temperate (Zurich, Switzerland) and tropical (Bushenyi, Uganda) field sites
Evaluation of the novel substrate RUG™ for the detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>in water from temperate (Zurich, Switzerland) and tropical (Bushenyi, Uganda) field sites Open
The assessment of a novel enzyme-based assay showed it to be reliable to detect and quantifyE. coliin water.
View article: Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates
Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates Open
Background Limited data have been available on the global practice of handwashing with soap (HWWS). To better appreciate global HWWS frequency, which plays a role in disease transmission, our objectives were to: (i) quantify the presence o…
View article: Subnational regional inequality in access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Indonesia: results from the 2015 Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS)
Subnational regional inequality in access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Indonesia: results from the 2015 Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) Open
There are inequalities in access to improved drinking water and sanitation by subnational region in Indonesia. Monitoring within-country inequality in these indicators serves to identify underserved areas, and is useful for developing appr…
View article: Access to drinking water: time matters
Access to drinking water: time matters Open
Despite the reported achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with respect to drinking water, lack of access to water remains widespread worldwide. The indicator used there to measure access to water in the MDGs refers to the…
View article: Impact of drinking water, sanitation and handwashing with soap on childhood diarrhoeal disease: updated meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Impact of drinking water, sanitation and handwashing with soap on childhood diarrhoeal disease: updated meta‐analysis and meta‐regression Open
Objectives Safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene are protective against diarrhoeal disease; a leading cause of child mortality. The main objective was an updated assessment of the impact of unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH)…
View article: Optimizing household survey methods to monitor the Sustainable Development Goals targets 6.1 and 6.2 on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: A mixed-methods field-test in Belize
Optimizing household survey methods to monitor the Sustainable Development Goals targets 6.1 and 6.2 on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: A mixed-methods field-test in Belize Open
In the context of Belize, this study confirmed the feasibility of collecting information on the availability and quality of drinking water, emptying of sanitation facilities and menstrual hygiene in a multi-purpose household survey, indica…
View article: Limited services? The role of shared sanitation in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Limited services? The role of shared sanitation in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Open
Target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals calls for universal access to sanitation by 2030. The associated indicator is the population using ‘safely managed’ sanitation services. Shared sanitation is classified as a ‘limited’ sanitat…
View article: Incidences and Costs of Illness for Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections for Children < 5 Years of Age in Rural Bangladesh
Incidences and Costs of Illness for Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections for Children < 5 Years of Age in Rural Bangladesh Open
Understanding illness costs associated with diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI) could guide prevention and treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine incidence of childhood diarrhea and ARI and costs of homecare, hospi…