Explanipedia

Climate Change 2023 Synthesis Report Open

Robert T. Watson, D. L. Albritton, Terry Barker, I. Bashmakov, Osvaldo Canziani , et al. · 2024

This Synthesis Report is based on the reports of the three Working Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including relevant Special Reports. It provides an integrated view of climate change as the final part of th…

Assessing Nitrogen Dioxide in the Highveld Troposphere: Pandora Insights and TROPOMI Sentinel-5P Evaluation Open

Refilwe F. Kai-Sikhakhane, Mary C. Scholes, Stuart Piketh, Jos van Geffen, Rebecca M. Garland , et al. · 2024

Nitrogen oxides, particularly NO2, are emitted through a variety of industrial and transport processes globally. The world’s continuous economic development, including in developing countries, results in an increasing concentration of thos…

The African Regional Greenhouse Gases Budget (2010–2019) Open

Yolandi Ernst, Sally Archibald, Heiko Balzter, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais , et al. · 2024

As part of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we developed a comprehensive African Greenhouse gases (GHG) budget covering 2000 to 2019 (RECCAP1 and RECCAP2 time periods), and assessed uncertaintie…

Correction: Global UN 2030 agenda: How can Science, Technology and Innovation accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals for All? Open

Ademola A. Adenle, Hans De Steur, Caroline Mwongera, Maria Fay Rola‐Rubzen, Márcia Dutra de Barcellos , et al. · 2024

Global UN 2030 agenda: How can Science, Technology and Innovation accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals for All? Open

Ademola A. Adenle, Hans De Steur, Caroline Mwongera, Maria Fay Rola‐Rubzen, Márcia Dutra de Barcellos , et al. · 2023

The adoption of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) with 167 targets by the United Nations member states in 2015 emphasizes the critical role of science, technology and innovation (STI) in addressing sustainability challenges, includin…

Scholes African Ecoregions Open

Yolandi Ernst, Robert J. Scholes · 2023

Ecoregion description We separated Africa into five functionally different ecoregions in order to assist with the interpretation of Greenhouse Gas flux estimates for the Regional Carbon Cycle and Assessment Phase 2 (RECCAP…

Scholes African Ecoregions Open

Yolandi Ernst, Robert J. Scholes · 2023

Ecoregion description\n\nWe separated Africa into five functionally different ecoregions in order to assist with the interpretation of Greenhouse Gas flux estimates for the Regional …

Towards a better future for biodiversity and people: Modelling Nature Futures Open

Hyejin Kim, Garry Peterson, William W. L. Cheung, Simon Ferrier, Rob Alkemade , et al. · 2023

Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts Open

Hans‐Otto Pörtner, Robert J. Scholes, Almut Arneth, David K. A. Barnes, Michael T. Burrows , et al. · 2023

Earth’s biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we …

The Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society: an emergent community of practice Open

Reinette Biggs, Belinda Reyers, Ryan Blanchard, Hayley S. Clements, Jessica Cockburn , et al. · 2023

Sustainability-focused research networks and communities of practice have emerged as a key response and strategy to build capacity and knowledge to support transformation towards more sustainable, just and equitable futures. This paper syn…

A Delphi assessment of climate change risks in southern Africa in the 21st century Open

Robert J. Scholes, Kaera Coetzer, Ruwadzano Matsika, Bernard W. T. Coetzee, Yolandi Ernst , et al. · 2023

DATA AVAILABILITY : Data will be made available on request.

First validation of GEDI canopy heights in African savannas Open

Xiaoxuan Li, Konrad Wessels, John Armston, Steven Hancock, Renaud Mathieu , et al. · 2022

The Pongola Bush: Tree diversity assessment in a KwaZulu-Natal forest patch Open

Timothy F. Hall, Mary C. Scholes, Robert J. Scholes · 2022

The Pongola Bush Nature Reserve lies in a narrow band along the escarpment between Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Although referred to as ‘bush’, this vegetation type may be considered to fit into the intersection of two types of scar…

Social-ecological change: insights from the Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society Open

Reinette Biggs, Hayley S. Clements, Graeme S. Cumming, Georgina Cundill, Alta De Vos , et al. · 2022

Social-ecological systems (SES) research has emerged as an important area of sustainability science, informing and supporting pressing issues of transformation towards more sustainable, just and equitable futures. To date, much SES researc…

Analysis of the first surface nitrogen dioxide concentration observations over the South African Highveld derived from the Pandora-2s instrument Open

Refilwe F. Kai-Sikhakhane, Mary C. Scholes, Stuart Piketh, Robert J. Scholes · 2022

Anthropogenic emissions from industry, biomass burning and traffic are significant contributors to the atmospheric loading of nitrogen dioxide on the South African Highveld. These sources are dispersed across the region and emit nitrogen o…

Governing for Transformative Change across the Biodiversity–Climate–Society Nexus Open

Unai Pascual, Pamela McElwee, Sarah E. Diamond, Hien T. Ngo, Xuemei Bai , et al. · 2022

Transformative governance is key to addressing the global environmental crisis. We explore how transformative governance of complex biodiversity–climate–society interactions can be achieved, drawing on the first joint report between the In…

Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2) Open

Philippe Ciais, Ana Bastos, Frédéric Chevallier, Ronny Lauerwald, Benjamin Poulter , et al. · 2022

Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation effor…

Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate Open

Yunne‐Jai Shin, Guy F. Midgley, Emma Archer, Almut Arneth, David K. A. Barnes , et al. · 2022

The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening o…

Opportunities for an African greenhouse gas observation system Open

Lutz Merbold, Robert J. Scholes, Manuel Acosta, Johannes Beck, Antonio Bombelli , et al. · 2021

Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate Open

Yunne‐Jai Shin, Guy F. Midgley, Emma Archer, Almut Arneth, David K. A. Barnes , et al. · 2021

The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sha…

Towards a better future for biodiversity and people: modelling Nature Futures Open

Hyejin Kim, Garry Peterson, William W. L. Cheung, Simon Ferrier, Rob Alkemade , et al. · 2021

The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a heuristic tool for co-creating positive futures for nature and people. It seeks to open up a diversity of futures through mainly three value perspectives on nature – Nature for Nature, Nature for Soc…

IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report synopsis on biodiversity and climate change Open

Hans‐Otto Pörtner, Robert J. Scholes, John Agard, Emma Archer, Xuemei Bai , et al. · 2021

The Synopsis presents the main conclusions of the first-ever IPCC-IPBES co-sponsored workshop which took place in December 2020. The workshop explored diverse facets of the interaction between climate and biodiversity, from current trends …

Governing Net Zero Carbon Removals to Avoid Entrenching Inequities Open

Peter Healey, Robert J. Scholes, Penehuro Lefale, Pius Z. Yanda · 2021

Climate change embeds inequities and risks reinforcing these in policies for climate change remediation. In particular, with policies designed to achieve “net zero” carbon dioxide, offsets may be considered inequitable if seen to avoid or …

Pandemic-stage propagation dynamics in South Africa suggest pre-existing cross-reactive protection against severe Covid-19 Open

François Engelbrecht, Shabir A. Madhi, Robert J. Scholes · 2021

Early in the Covid-19 outbreak, it was speculated that pre-existing cross-reactive immunity from prior BCG vaccination or exposure to common cold human coronaviruses might confer some protection against Covid-19. Following a year of circul…

IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change Open

Hans‐Otto Pörtner, Robert J. Scholes, John Agard, Emma Archer, Almut Arneth , et al. · 2021

This report presents the main conclusions of the first-ever IPCC-IPBES co-sponsored workshop which took place in December 2020. The workshop explored diverse facets of the interaction between climate and biodiversity, from current trends t…

Frontmatter Open

James Joyce, Mark Gaipa, Sean Latham, Robert J. Scholes · 2020

Acknowledgments Open

James Joyce, Mark Gaipa, Sean Latham, Robert J. Scholes · 2020

Test for Covid-19 seasonality and the risk of second waves Open

François Engelbrecht, Robert J. Scholes · 2020

A physiology‐based Earth observation model indicates stagnation in the global gross primary production during recent decades Open

Torbern Tagesson, Feng Tian, Guy Schurgers, Stéphanie Horion, Robert J. Scholes , et al. · 2020

Earth observation‐based estimates of global gross primary production (GPP) are essential for understanding the response of the terrestrial biosphere to climatic change and other anthropogenic forcing. In this study, we attempt an ecosystem…

The climate impact of land use change in the miombo region of south central Africa Open

Sally A. Wilson, Robert J. Scholes · 2020

The African woodlands known as miombo are one of the world’s largest currently relatively unexploited, but potentially arable, land resources. Miombo landscapes one of the top contemporary locations of conversion of dry forests to crop agr…

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