Explanipedia

Observation of a Knotted Electron Diffusion Region in Earth's Magnetotail Reconnection Open

Xinmin Li, Chuanfei Dong, Hantao Ji, Chi Zhang, Liang Wang , et al. · 2025

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that alters the magnetic field topology and releases magnetic energy. Most numerical simulations and spacecraft observations assume a two‐dimensional diffusion region, with the electron…

Record magnetic field generation by short-pulse laser-driven capacitor-coil targets Open

Lan Gao, Yang Zhang, Hantao Ji, Brandon K. Russell, G. C. Pomraning , et al. · 2025

Magnetic fields generated by capacitor-coil targets driven by intense short-pulse lasers have been characterized using ultrafast proton radiography. A 1-kJ, 15-ps laser at a center wavelength of 1053 nm irradiated the back plate of the cap…

Diagnosing electric and magnetic fields in laser-driven coil targets Open

Yang Zhang, Lan Gao, Hantao Ji, Brandon K. Russell, G. C. Pomraning , et al. · 2025

Laser-driven capacitor coils are widely used to generate intense magnetic fields for various applications in high-energy-density (HED) physics research. Accurate measurement of the magnetic fields is essential but challenging, due to the o…

Observation of a Knotted Electron Diffusion Region in Earth's Magnetotail Reconnection Open

Xinmin Li, Chuanfei Dong, Hantao Ji, Chi Zhang, Liang Wang , et al. · 2025

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that alters the magnetic field topology and releases magnetic energy. Most numerical simulations and spacecraft observations assume a two-dimensional diffusion region, with the electron…

Record Magnetic Field Generation by Short-Pulse Laser-Driven Capacitor-Coil Targets Open

Lan Gao, Yang Zhang, Hantao Ji, Brandon K. Russell, G. C. Pomraning , et al. · 2025

Magnetic fields generated by capacitor-coil targets driven by intense short-pulse lasers have been characterized using ultrafast proton radiography. A 1-kJ, 15-ps laser at a center wavelength of 1053 nm irradiated the back plate of the cap…

Properties of Lower Hybrid Drift Waves and Energy Transfer Near and Inside the Magnetic Reconnection Electron Diffusion Regions Open

N. Ahmadi, Hantao Ji, Jongsoo Yoo, R. E. Ergun, Izzy Thomas , et al. · 2025

We investigate properties of lower hybrid drift waves (LHDWs) near and inside the electron diffusion regions in 17 magnetopause and 9 magnetotail reconnection events using Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission observations. Our analysis …

Observation of Nonaxisymmetric Standard Magnetorotational Instability Induced by a Free-Shear Layer Open

Yin Wang, F. Ebrahimi, Hongke Lu, Jeremy Goodman, E.P. Gilson , et al. · 2025

The standard magnetorotational instability (SMRI) with a magnetic field component parallel to the rotation axis is widely believed to be responsible for the fast accretion in astronomical disks. In conventional base flows with a Keplerian …

The Role of Kinetic Instabilities and Waves in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Open

D. B. Graham, Giulia Cozzani, Y. V. Khotyaintsev, Victoria Wilder, Justin Craig Holmes , et al. · 2025

Outstanding Questions and Future Research on Magnetic Reconnection Open

R. Nakamura, J. L. Burch, J. Birn, Li‐Jen Chen, D. B. Graham , et al. · 2025

Ohm’s Law, the Reconnection Rate, and Energy Conversion in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Open

Yi‐Hsin Liu, Michael Hesse, K. J. Genestreti, R. Nakamura, J. L. Burch , et al. · 2025

DoubleDiffusion: Combining Heat Diffusion with Denoising Diffusion for Texture Generation on 3D Meshes Open

Xuyang Wang, Ziang Cheng, Zhenyu Li, Jiayu Yang, Hantao Ji , et al. · 2025

This paper addresses the problem of generating textures for 3D mesh assets. Existing approaches often rely on image diffusion models to generate multi-view image observations, which are then transformed onto the mesh surface to produce a s…

Study on Improvement of High Gas Tunnel Control System Open

Yao‐Rong Dong, Hantao Ji, Le Li, Peng Chen, Hak Jun Song · 2025

Kinetic simulations underestimate the effects of waves during magnetic reconnection Open

Jonathan Ng, Jongsoo Yoo, Li‐Jen Chen, Naoki Bessho, Hantao Ji · 2024

Collisionless plasma systems are often studied using fully kinetic simulations, where protons and electrons are treated as particles. Due to their computational expense, it is necessary to reduce the ion-to-electron mass ratio mi/me or the…

DPBridge: Latent Diffusion Bridge for Dense Prediction Open

Hantao Ji, Taojun Lin, Hongdong Li · 2024

Diffusion models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in capturing complex data distributions and have achieved compelling results in many generative tasks. While they have recently been extended to dense prediction tasks such as depth esti…

Kinetic simulations underestimate the effects of waves during magnetic reconnection Open

Jonathan Ng, Jongsoo Yoo, Li‐Jen Chen, Naoki Bessho, Hantao Ji · 2024

Collisionless plasma systems are often studied using fully kinetic simulations, where protons and electrons are treated as particles. Due to their computational expense, it is necessary to reduce the ion-to-electron mass ratio $m_i/m_e$ or…

Observation of nonaxisymmetric standard magnetorotational instability induced by a free-shear layer Open

Yin Wang, F. Ebrahimi, Hongke Lu, Jeremy Goodman, E.P. Gilson , et al. · 2024

The standard magnetorotational instability (SMRI) is widely believed to be responsible for the observed accretion rates in astronomical disks. It is a linear instability triggered in the differentially rotating ionized disk flow by a magne…

Study of magnetic reconnection at low-$β$ using laser-powered capacitor coils Open

Hantao Ji, Lan Gao, G. C. Pomraning, K. Sakai, Fan Guo , et al. · 2024

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous fundamental process in space and astrophysical plasmas that rapidly converts magnetic energy into some combination of flow energy, thermal energy, and non-thermal energetic particles. Over the past dec…

Study of magnetic reconnection at low-β using laser-powered capacitor coils Open

Hantao Ji, Lan Gao, G. C. Pomraning, K. Sakai, Fan Guo , et al. · 2024

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous fundamental process in space and astrophysical plasmas that rapidly converts magnetic energy into some combination of flow energy, thermal energy, and non-thermal energetic particles. Over the past dec…

Experimental Study of Alfvén Wave Reflection from an Alfvén-speed Gradient Relevant to the Solar Coronal Holes Open

Sayak Bose, Jason TenBarge, Troy Carter, Michael Hahn, Hantao Ji , et al. · 2024

We report the first experimental detection of a reflected Alfvén wave from an Alfvén-speed gradient under conditions similar to those in coronal holes. The experiments were conducted in the Large Plasma Device at the University of Californ…

Ohm's Law, the Reconnection Rate, and Energy Conversion in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Open

Yi‐Hsin Liu, M. Hesse, K. J. Genestreti, R. Nakamura, Jim Burch , et al. · 2024

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous plasma process that transforms magnetic energy into particle energy during eruptive events throughout the universe. Reconnection not only converts energy during solar flares and geomagnetic substorms t…

A Novel Method to Train Classification Models for Structure Detection in In Situ Spacecraft Data Open

Kendra Bergstedt, Hantao Ji · 2024

We present a method for creating spacecraft‐like data which can be used to train Machine Learning (ML) models to detect and classify structures in in situ spacecraft data. First, we use the Grad‐Shafranov equation to numerically solve for …

Conversion of Magnetic Energy to Plasma Kinetic Energy During Guide Field Magnetic Reconnection in the Laboratory Open

Sayak Bose, W. Fox, Hantao Ji, Jongsoo Yoo, Aaron Goodman , et al. · 2024

We present laboratory measurements showing the two-dimensional (2D) structure of energy conversion during magnetic reconnection with a guide field over the electron and ion diffusion regions, resolving the separate energy deposition on ele…

Radiatively cooled magnetic reconnection experiments driven by pulsed power Open

R. Datta, K. M. Chandler, C. E. Myers, J. P. Chittenden, Aidan Crilly , et al. · 2024

We present evidence for strong radiative cooling in a pulsed-power-driven magnetic reconnection experiment. Two aluminum exploding wire arrays, driven by a 20 MA peak current, 300 ns rise time pulse from the Z machine (Sandia National Labo…

Plasmoid Formation and Strong Radiative Cooling in a Driven Magnetic Reconnection Experiment Open

R. Datta, K. M. Chandler, C. E. Myers, J. P. Chittenden, Aidan Crilly , et al. · 2024

We present the first experimental study of plasmoid formation in a magnetic reconnection layer undergoing rapid radiative cooling, a regime relevant to extreme astrophysical plasmas. Two exploding aluminum wire arrays, driven by the Z mach…

Anomalous Resistivity and Electron Heating by Lower Hybrid Drift Waves during Magnetic Reconnection with a Guide Field Open

Jongsoo Yoo, Jonathan Ng, Hantao Ji, Sayak Bose, Aaron Goodman , et al. · 2024

The lower hybrid drift wave (LHDW) has been a candidate for anomalous resistivity and electron heating inside the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection. In a laboratory reconnection layer with a finite guide field, quasielectr…

Simulations of radiatively cooled magnetic reconnection driven by pulsed power Open

R. Datta, Aidan Crilly, J. P. Chittenden, Simran Chowdhry, K. M. Chandler , et al. · 2024

Magnetic reconnection is an important process in astrophysical environments, as it reconfigures magnetic field topology and converts magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic energy. In extreme astrophysical systems, such as black hole coro…

On discriminating tokamak sawtooth crash models via localized density and temperature measurements Open

D. Liu, W. Fox, Sayak Bose, Hantao Ji, S.C. Jardin , et al. · 2024

The core electron temperature drops rapidly during the sawtooth crash in tokamak plasmas, which causes heat loss and may lead to fast particle losses or even a disruption. Several models have been proposed for the periodic crash, including…

Frontiers for Laboratory Research of Magnetic Reconnection Open

Hantao Ji, Fan Guo · 2024

Magnetic reconnection occcurs throughout heliophysical and astrophysical plasmas as well as in laboratory fusion plasmas. Two broad categories of reconnection models exist: collisional MHD and collisionless kinetic. Eight major questions w…

Local dynamic responses of magnetic reconnection to three-dimensional perturbations in a laboratory plasma Open

Jinlin Xie, Peiyun Shi, Hantao Ji, Jonathan Jara-Almonte, Jongsoo Yoo , et al. · 2024

The dynamic responses of magnetic reconnection to localized three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field perturbations imposed by a pair of figure-8-shaped coils are investigated in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) device. Both the magn…

Radiatively Cooled Magnetic Reconnection Experiments Driven by Pulsed Power Open

Ravindra Datta, K. C. Chandler, C. E. Myers, J. P. Chittenden, Aidan Crilly , et al. · 2024

We present evidence for strong radiative cooling in a pulsed-power-driven magnetic reconnection experiment. Two aluminum exploding wire arrays, driven by a 20 MA peak current, 300 ns rise time pulse from the Z machine (Sandia National Labo…

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