Explanipedia

Causes of HIV-related CNS infection in Cameroon, Malawi, and Tanzania: epidemiological findings from the DREAMM HIV-related CNS implementation study Open

Cecilia Kanyama, Charles Kouanfack, Moffat Nyirenda, Sayoki Mfinanga, Sokoine Kivuyo , et al. · 2025

For the French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

631. Cost-effective diagnostic algorithms for Ugandan patients with solid tumors who develop chemotherapy-associated febrile illness Open

Elizabeth Gulleen, Immaculate Mbrusha, Dennis Mubiru, Bernadette Pedun, Abrahams Omoding , et al. · 2025

Background Microbiology diagnostic tests are often prohibitively expensive in resource-limited settings. Cost-effective diagnostic algorithms could potentially guide diagnostic evaluation for chemotherapy-associated febrile illness in reso…

Resolving the CD4-testing crisis to help end AIDS-related deaths Open

Omar Syarif, Rita Oladele, Tinne Gils, Radha Rajasingham, Jonathan Falconer , et al. · 2024

Systematic Review of Prevalence of <i>Histoplasma</i> Antigenuria in Persons with HIV in Latin America and Africa Open

Preethiya Sekar, Gila Hale, Jane Gakuru, David B. Meya, David R. Boulware , et al. · 2024

Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease associated with substantial mortality rates among persons with advanced HIV disease. Our systematic review synthesized data on the global prevalence of Histoplasma--caused antigenuria in persons with HIV.…

Progress toward realizing the promise of decentralized clinical trials Open

Matthew W. McCarthy, Christopher J. Lindsell, Radha Rajasingham, Thomas G. Stewart, David R. Boulware , et al. · 2024

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1506. Prevalence of Histoplasma Antigenuria among an outpatient Advanced HIV cohort in Kampala,Uganda Open

Preethiya Sekar, Elizabeth Nalintya, Richard Kwizera, Claudine Mukashyaka, Godfrey Niyonzima , et al. · 2023

Background Histoplasmosis is a major cause of mortality in persons with advanced HIV disease (CD4< 200 cells/mcL) and areas of endemicity are evolving. Presenting symptoms of histoplasmosis may overlap with that of tuberculosis (TB). Th…

Reduction in mortality from HIV-related CNS infections in routine care in Africa (DREAMM): a before-and-after, implementation study Open

Sayoki Mfinanga, Cecilia Kanyama, Charles Kouanfack, Moffat Nyirenda, Sokoine Kivuyo , et al. · 2023

For the French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Advanced <span>HIV</span> disease: A review of diagnostic and prophylactic strategies Open

Alice Lehman, Jayne Ellis, Elizabeth Nalintya, Nathan C. Bahr, Angela Loyse , et al. · 2023

Background Despite expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rollout of the World Health Organization's (WHO) ‘test‐and‐treat’ strategy, the proportion of people with HIV (PWH) presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) remai…

Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdowns on Identification of Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease in Outpatient Clinics in Uganda Open

Elizabeth Nalintya, Preethiya Sekar, Paul Kavuma, Joanita Kigozi, Martin Ssuna , et al. · 2023

Using data from 67 Ugandan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics (July 2019–January 2022), we report a 40% (1005/1662) reduction in the number of people with HIV presenting to care after August 2021 compared to prepandemic levels, wit…

2058. Effect of Covid-19 lockdowns on identification of advanced HIV disease in outpatient clinics in Uganda Open

Preethiya Sekar, Elizabeth Nalintya, Paul Kavuma, Joanita Kigozi, Martin Ssuna , et al. · 2022

Background Despite HIV test and treat initiatives, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 25% to 40% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) have advanced HIV disease (CD4< 200 cells/mcL). The objective of this study is to underst…

Cost-effectiveness of single, high-dose, liposomal amphotericin regimen for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa: an economic analysis of the AMBITION-cm trial Open

David S. Lawrence, Charles Muthoga, David B. Meya, Lillian Tugume, Darlisha A Williams , et al. · 2022

For the Chichewa, Isixhosa, Luganda, Setswana and Shona translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a South African laboratory cryptococcal antigen screening programme using a retrospective cohort and a cluster-randomised trial design Open

Daniel DeSanto, Ananta Bangdiwala, Erika van Schalkwyk, Caleb P Skipper, Greg Greene , et al. · 2022

Introduction Cryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal opportunistic infection and a leading cause of death among people with advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO recommends cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening followed by…

1374. Clinical Outcomes of Sepsis According to Race at University of Minnesota Medical Center Open

Cameron Meyer‐Mueller, Darlisha A Williams, Michael Westerhaus, Radha Rajasingham · 2021

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition associated with significant in-hospital mortality. Sepsis disproportionately affects Black Americans and is a top-10 leading cause of death for Black people. Previous studies examining seps…

Feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in Remote Outpatient Trials Open

Sarah M Lofgren, Elizabeth C Okafor, Alanna A Colette, Katelyn A Pastick, Caleb P Skipper , et al. · 2021

Background During the Covid-19 pandemic, clinical trials necessitated rapid testing to be performed remotely. Dried blood spot (DBS) techniques have enabled remote HIV virologic testing globally and more recently, antibody testing as well.…

Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: A call to action Open

David B. Meya, Lillian Tugume, Vennie Nabitaka, Proscovia Namuwenge, Sam Phiri , et al. · 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a guideline for the management of individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD) to reduce HIV-related deaths. The guideline consists of a package of recommendations including interventions to…

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a Semiquantitative Cryptococcal Antigen Point-of-Care Assay among HIV-Infected Persons with Cryptococcal Meningitis Open

Kiiza Kandole Tadeo, Audrey Nimwesiga, Richard Kwizera, Lucy Apeduno, Emily Martyn , et al. · 2021

A newly developed cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) semiquantitative (SQ) lateral flow assay (LFA) provides a semiquantitative result in a rapid one-step test instead of performing serial dilutions to determine CrAg titer. We prospectively compa…

Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: A call to action Open

David B. Meya, Lillian Tugume, Vennie Nabitaka, Proscovia Namuwenge, Sam Phiri , et al. · 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a guideline for the management of individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD) to reduce HIV-related deaths. The guideline consists of a package of recommendations including interventions to…

Lessons Learned From Conducting Internet-Based Randomized Clinical Trials During a Global Pandemic Open

Matthew F Pullen, Katelyn A Pastick, Darlisha A Williams, Alanna A Nascene, Ananta Bangdiwala , et al. · 2020

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic evolved, it was apparent that well designed and rapidly conducted randomized clinical trials were urgently needed. However, traditional clinical trial design presented several…

Impact of biological sex on cryptococcal meningitis mortality in Uganda and South Africa Open

Anna Stadelman, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Lillian Tugume, Katelyn A Pastick, Kathy Huppler Hullsiek , et al. · 2020

The role of biological sex on clinical outcomes and the pathogenesis of AIDS-related opportunistic infections is unknown. We assessed baseline biomarkers and outcomes between 577 men and 400 women in HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis coh…

Ending deaths from HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis by 2030 Open

Amir Shroufi, Tom Chiller, Alex Jordan, David W. Denning, Thomas S. Harrison , et al. · 2020

Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial Open

Radha Rajasingham, Ananta Bangdiwala, Melanie R. Nicol, Caleb P Skipper, Katelyn A Pastick , et al. · 2020

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging virus causing the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic with no known effective prophylaxis. We investigated whether hydroxychloroquine could prevent SARS Co…

Impact of community engagement and social support on the outcomes of HIV-related meningitis clinical trials in a resource-limited setting Open

Richard Kwizera, Alisat Sadiq, Jane Francis Ndyetukira, Elizabeth Nalintya, Darlisha A Williams , et al. · 2020

Safety of Hydroxychloroquine among Outpatient Clinical Trial Participants for COVID-19 Open

Sarah M Lofgren, Melanie R. Nicol, Ananta Bangdiwala, Katelyn A Pastick, Elizabeth C Okafor , et al. · 2020

Introduction Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, especially in combination with azithromycin, has raised safety concerns. Here, we report safety data from three outpatient randomized clinical trials. Methods W…

A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19 Open

David R. Boulware, Matthew F Pullen, Ananta Bangdiwala, Katelyn A Pastick, Sarah M Lofgren , et al. · 2020

After high-risk or moderate-risk exposure to Covid-19, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent illness compatible with Covid-19 or confirmed infection when used as postexposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure. (Funded by David Baszucki…

Biophysical modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 viral cycle reveals ideal antiviral targets Open

Brian T. Castle, Carissa Dock, Mahya Hemmat, Susan Kline, Christopher J. Tignanelli , et al. · 2020

Effective therapies for COVID-19 are urgently needed. Presently there are more than 800 COVID-19 clinical trials globally, many with drug combinations, resulting in an empirical process with an enormous number of possible combinations. To …

Correlation Between Blood and CSF Compartment Cytokines and Chemokines in Subjects with Cryptococcal Meningitis Open

Elizabeth C Okafor, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Darlisha A Williams, James Scriven, Joshua Rhein , et al. · 2020

Background Though peripheral blood is a crucial sample to study immunology, it is unclear whether the immune environment in the peripheral vasculature correlates with that at the endorgan site of infection. Utilizing cryptococcal meningiti…

Post-exposure prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): study protocol for a pragmatic randomized-controlled trial Open

Sylvain Lother, Mahsa Abassi, Alyssa Agostinis, Ananta Bangdiwala, Matthew P. Cheng , et al. · 2020

Post-exposure Prophylaxis or Preemptive Therapy for SARS-Coronavirus-2: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Open

Sylvain Lother, Mahsa Abassi, Alyssa Agostinis, Ananta Bangdiwala, Matthew P. Cheng , et al. · 2020

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there are a lack of evidence-based therapies to prevent COVID-19 foll…

Erratum to: The Changing Epidemiology of HIV-Associated Adult Meningitis, Uganda 2015–2017 Open

Jayne Ellis, Ananta Bangdiwala, Fiona V Cresswell, Joshua Rhein, Edwin Nuwagira , et al. · 2019

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz419.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz419.].

2120. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Distribution of Fluconazole against Cryptococcus Species and the Fluconazole Exposure Prediction Model Open

Supavit Chesdachai, Radha Rajasingham, Melanie R. Nicol, David B. Meya, Felix Bongomin , et al. · 2019

Background Fluconazole is lifesaving for the treatment and prevention of cryptococcosis; however, optimal dosing is unknown. Initial fluconazole doses of 100 mg to 2000 mg/day have been used. Prevalence of fluconazole non-susceptible Crypt…

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