Rainer Macdonald
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View article: From crisis to routine – Standardization of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection by enhanced EQA schemes in a scientific pandemic network
From crisis to routine – Standardization of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection by enhanced EQA schemes in a scientific pandemic network Open
In the beginning of 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a crisis in which diagnostic methods for the genome detection of SARS-CoV-2 were urgently needed. Based on the very early publication of the basic principles for a diag…
View article: The Application of Digital PCR as a Reference Measurement Procedure to Support the Accuracy of Quality Assurance for Infectious Disease Molecular Diagnostic Testing
The Application of Digital PCR as a Reference Measurement Procedure to Support the Accuracy of Quality Assurance for Infectious Disease Molecular Diagnostic Testing Open
Background Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) assist in the diagnosis of numerous infectious diseases. They are typically sensitive and specific and can be quickly developed and adapted. Far more challenging is the development of sta…
View article: Flow cytometer for a dilution-free measurement approach with sample recollection
Flow cytometer for a dilution-free measurement approach with sample recollection Open
Blood testing using flow cytometry is a common and rapid method for the initial screening and diagnosis of patients. Measurements are often combined with other scientific techniques, and analyzed samples are commonly diluted and discarded …
View article: CCQM-P199: Interlaboratory comparability study of HIV-1 RNA copy number quantification
CCQM-P199: Interlaboratory comparability study of HIV-1 RNA copy number quantification Open
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. According to UN figures, approximately 39 million people globally were living with HIV in 2022, with 76% of those ind…
View article: CCQM-P199b: Interlaboratory comparability study of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number quantification
CCQM-P199b: Interlaboratory comparability study of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number quantification Open
Nucleic acid amplification tests including reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) are used to detect RNA from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVI…
View article: Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid concentrations in samples used in INSTAND external quality assessment schemes
Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid concentrations in samples used in INSTAND external quality assessment schemes Open
Objective In routine clinical laboratories, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is determined by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In the COVID pandemic, a wide range of antigen detection tests were also …
View article: Standardisation of cell-free DNA measurements: An International Study on Comparability of Low Concentration DNA Measurements using cancer variants
Standardisation of cell-free DNA measurements: An International Study on Comparability of Low Concentration DNA Measurements using cancer variants Open
For the impact of genomic testing from liquid biopsies to be maximized, mechanisms to ensure reproducible and comparable test performance will be required. This can be established and maintained through reference measurement procedures and…
View article: An assessment of the reproducibility of reverse transcription digital PCR quantification of HIV-1
An assessment of the reproducibility of reverse transcription digital PCR quantification of HIV-1 Open
Viral load monitoring in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is often performed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to observe response to treatment and identify the development of resistance. Traceabil…
View article: Disregarded Measurement Uncertainty Contributions and Their Magnitude in Measuring Plasma Glucose
Disregarded Measurement Uncertainty Contributions and Their Magnitude in Measuring Plasma Glucose Open
Background: Each measurement is subject to measurement uncertainty (MU). Consequently, each measurement of plasma glucose concentration used for diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) is affected. Although concepts and methods …
View article: Camera-based CW Diffuse Optical Tomography for obtaining 3D absorption maps by means of digital tomosynthesis
Camera-based CW Diffuse Optical Tomography for obtaining 3D absorption maps by means of digital tomosynthesis Open
We present a novel method for obtaining a 3D absorption map of a tissue-like turbid slab in the near-infrared spectral range by tomosynthesis. Transmittance data are obtained for a large number of oblique projection directions by scanning …
View article: Spatially-enhanced time-domain NIRS for accurate determination of tissue optical properties
Spatially-enhanced time-domain NIRS for accurate determination of tissue optical properties Open
A multivariate method integrating time and space resolved techniques of near-infrared spectroscopy is proposed for simultaneously retrieving the absolute quantities of optical absorption and scattering properties in tissues. The time-domai…
View article: Non-contact time-domain imaging of functional brain activation and heterogeneity of superficial signals
Non-contact time-domain imaging of functional brain activation and heterogeneity of superficial signals Open
Non-contact scanning at small source-detector separation enables imaging of cerebral and extracranial signals at high spatial resolution and their separation based on early and late photons accounting for the related spatio-temporal charac…
View article: Characterization of homogeneous tissue phantoms for performance tests in diffuse optics
Characterization of homogeneous tissue phantoms for performance tests in diffuse optics Open
Solid homogeneous turbid phantoms can be employed to mimic the attenuation and angular distribution of light emerging from tissue, e.g., to assess the responsivity of the detection system of diffuse optics instrumentation and to support st…
View article: Characterization of a time-resolved non-contact scanning diffuse optical imaging system exploiting fast-gated single-photon avalanche diode detection
Characterization of a time-resolved non-contact scanning diffuse optical imaging system exploiting fast-gated single-photon avalanche diode detection Open
We present a system for non-contact time-resolved diffuse reflectance imaging, based on small source-detector distance and high dynamic range measurements utilizing a fast-gated single-photon avalanche diode. The system is suitable for ima…