Peter R. Chai
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View article: Attitudes toward digital pill systems for antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa: a qualitative study
Attitudes toward digital pill systems for antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa: a qualitative study Open
Introduction In South Africa (SA), 22.6% of cisgender women aged 15-49 are living with HIV; of these, one in three are pregnant. Perinatal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT)…
View article: Randomized Trial of Self-Selected Music Intervention on Pain and Anxiety in Emergency Department Patients with Musculoskeletal Back Pain
Randomized Trial of Self-Selected Music Intervention on Pain and Anxiety in Emergency Department Patients with Musculoskeletal Back Pain Open
Introduction: Acute musculoskeletal back pain is a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits, often with suboptimal relief from standard treatments. Recent evidence suggests listening to music may modulate pain and anxiety. In thi…
View article: Phosphatidylethanol levels and their association with withdrawal severity among individuals with severe alcohol use disorder seeking inpatient withdrawal management
Phosphatidylethanol levels and their association with withdrawal severity among individuals with severe alcohol use disorder seeking inpatient withdrawal management Open
Introduction This study aimed to determine if phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels are associated with alcohol withdrawal severity among individuals seeking inpatient withdrawal management. Methods A prospective study enrolled individuals und…
View article: Patient Perceptions on Opioid Therapy for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department and Post-Surgical Settings: A Qualitative Study
Patient Perceptions on Opioid Therapy for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department and Post-Surgical Settings: A Qualitative Study Open
Opioid therapy, even in short courses for acute pain, can be a complicated experience for patients to navigate. Prescribers should consider how patients' unique experiences and perspectives shape their responses when providing counseling t…
View article: Christmas Break: Predictive Value of Holiday Avian Wishbone Traditions Among Frontline Healthcare Workers in a Prospective Trial
Christmas Break: Predictive Value of Holiday Avian Wishbone Traditions Among Frontline Healthcare Workers in a Prospective Trial Open
Frontline healthcare workers will engage in luckiness-boosting wishbone contests even in a busy emergency department environment. In our study, there was no association between winning the wishbone competition and goal or wish achievement.…
View article: Personalized Kirigami Strain Sensors for in vivo Applications
Personalized Kirigami Strain Sensors for in vivo Applications Open
Wearable sensors are transforming our capacity to monitor a broad range of activities for recreation and health purposes. Developing low‐cost personalized sensors on a range of materials could enable broad applicability irrespective of the…
View article: Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer
Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer Open
Importance Early evidence from studies outside of oncology has suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) may have anxiolytic effects without neuropsychiatric risks. An understanding of oral CBD in patients with cancer-related anxiety is urgently ne…
View article: Medicinal Cannabis Formulations, Administration Routes and Dosing: Perspectives of Adults with Cancer
Medicinal Cannabis Formulations, Administration Routes and Dosing: Perspectives of Adults with Cancer Open
Introduction: One-of-three or -four adults with cancer turns to medicinal cannabis. Prior work suggests a disconnect between the clinical preferences of oncology teams and the cannabis therapeutics practices of patients. For instance, onco…
View article: Performance of a Norfentanyl Immunoassay in Specimens with Low Concentrations of Fentanyl and/or Norfentanyl
Performance of a Norfentanyl Immunoassay in Specimens with Low Concentrations of Fentanyl and/or Norfentanyl Open
Background Many fentanyl immunoassays are limited in their ability to detect norfentanyl. Urine specimens collected from individuals who have been exposed to fentanyl frequently have detectable concentrations of norfentanyl (≥2 ng/mL) but …
View article: Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine–Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF)
Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine–Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF) Open
Background QUANTI-TAF aimed to establish tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP)/emtricitabine-triphosphate (FTC-TP) adherence benchmarks in dried blood spots (DBS) for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) receiving tenofovir alafenamide…
View article: Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Open
PURPOSE To guide clinicians, adults with cancer, caregivers, researchers, and oncology institutions on the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids, including synthetic cannabinoids and herbal cannabis derivatives; single, purified cannabi…
View article: Acceptance of digital phenotyping linked to a digital pill system to measure PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men with substance use
Acceptance of digital phenotyping linked to a digital pill system to measure PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men with substance use Open
Once-daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to prevent HIV, but is highly dependent on adherence. Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use substances face unique challenges maintaining PrEP adherence. Digita…
View article: Individuals with fibromyalgia report greater pain sensitivity than healthy adults while listening to their favorite music: the contribution of negative affect
Individuals with fibromyalgia report greater pain sensitivity than healthy adults while listening to their favorite music: the contribution of negative affect Open
Objective We investigated the impact of favorite music on pain processing among individuals with fibromyalgia. We also examined differences in pain processing between individuals with fibromyalgia and healthy controls (HC) while listening …
View article: Informing Acceptability and Feasibility of Digital Phenotyping for Personalized HIV Prevention among Marginalized Populations Presenting to the Emergency Department
Informing Acceptability and Feasibility of Digital Phenotyping for Personalized HIV Prevention among Marginalized Populations Presenting to the Emergency Department Open
For marginalized populations with ongoing HIV epidemics, alternative methods are needed for understanding the complexities of HIV risk and delivering prevention interventions. Due to lack of engagement in ambulatory care, such groups have …
View article: Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study
Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study Open
Background Heart failure (HF) affects 6.2 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization. The mainstay of the management of HF is adherence to pharmacotherapy. Despite the effectiveness of HF pharmacotherapy, effectiveness is …
View article: Beta-blocker and calcium-channel blocker toxicity: current evidence on evaluation and management
Beta-blocker and calcium-channel blocker toxicity: current evidence on evaluation and management Open
Beta-blocker and calcium-channel blocker overdoses are associated with severe morbidity and mortality; therefore, it is important to recognize and appropriately treat individuals with toxicity. The most common clinical findings in toxicity…
View article: Scaling Up Point-of-Care Fentanyl Testing — A Step Forward
Scaling Up Point-of-Care Fentanyl Testing — A Step Forward Open
Although fentanyl is now the dominant driver of the U.S. opioid epidemic, our health care system has struggled to adapt toxicology screening practices to this reality.
View article: Dispensary personnel's views and experiences regarding oncologic cannabis and the counsel they offer adults with cancer
Dispensary personnel's views and experiences regarding oncologic cannabis and the counsel they offer adults with cancer Open
Background A minority of oncologists feel qualified to advise adults with cancer on issues pertaining to medicinal cannabis. Adults with cancer frequently access medicinal cannabis information from non‐medical sources such as cannabis disp…
View article: Preliminary feasibility of a wrist-worn receiver to measure medication adherence via an ingestible radiofrequency sensor
Preliminary feasibility of a wrist-worn receiver to measure medication adherence via an ingestible radiofrequency sensor Open
Adherence to medications is a complex task that requires complex biobehavioral support. To better provide tools to assist with medication adherence, digital pills provide an option to directly measure medication taking behaviors. These sys…
View article: Pathways and Intersections: Multifaceted Approaches to Engage Individuals From Underrepresented and Marginalized Communities in HIV Research and Career Development
Pathways and Intersections: Multifaceted Approaches to Engage Individuals From Underrepresented and Marginalized Communities in HIV Research and Career Development Open
Background: The underrepresentation of historically marginalized groups in the HIV research workforce is a barrier to reaching national Ending the Epidemic goals. Setting: The Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (HU CFAR) Diversity…
View article: Digital biomarker applications across the spectrum of opioid use disorder
Digital biomarker applications across the spectrum of opioid use disorder Open
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is one of the most pressing public health problems of the past decade, with over eighty thousand overdose related deaths in 2021 alone. Digital technologies to measure and respond to disease states encompass both …
View article: Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) affects 6.2 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization. The mainstay of the management of HF is adherence to pharmacotherapy. Despite the effectiveness of HF pharmacotherapy, effectiveness is…
View article: The therapeutic use and efficacy of ketamine in alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review
The therapeutic use and efficacy of ketamine in alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review Open
Introduction Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder (SUD) globally. In 2019, AUD affected 14.5 million Americans and contributed to 95,000 deaths, with an annual cost exceeding 250 billion dollars. Current …