Explanipedia

Cloud-native geospatial data cube workflows with open-source tools Open

Emma Marshall, Deepak Cherian, Scott Henderson, Jessica Scheick, R. R. Forster · 2025

Use of mobile L-Band interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations to inform snow property estimation Open

E. J. Deeb, Tate Meehan, Zach Hoppinen, Charles Werner, Othmar Frey , et al. · 2024

With the dawn of future L-Band satellite interferometric missions (e.g., NISAR - NASA/ISRO SAR and ESA ROSE-L) upon us, there are unique opportunities to explore the use of radar methods and techniques across a variety of applications. Mor…

Constraining Mountain Streamflow Constituents by Integrating Citizen Scientist Acquired Geochemical Samples and Sentinel‐1 SAR Wet Snow Time‐Series for the Shimshal Catchment in the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan Open

Jewell Lund, R. R. Forster, Yusuf Jameel, S. Rupper, E. J. Deeb , et al. · 2023

Upper Indus Basin (UIB) streamflow originates largely from glacier and snow melt in the upstream Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges and is extremely vulnerable because of its projected climate changes, dense populations, a…

Hydrologic modeling of a perennial firn aquifer in southeast Greenland Open

Olivia Miller, Clifford I. Voss, D. Kip Solomon, C. Miège, R. R. Forster , et al. · 2022

A conceptual model, based on field observations and assumed physics of a perennial firn aquifer near Helheim Glacier (southeast Greenland), is evaluated via steady-state 2-D simulation of liquid water flow and energy transport with phase c…

Interpreting Sentinel-1 SAR Backscatter Signals of Snowpack Surface Melt/Freeze, Warming, and Ripening, through Field Measurements and Physically-Based SnowModel Open

Jewell Lund, R. R. Forster, E. J. Deeb, Glen E. Liston, S. McKenzie Skiles , et al. · 2022

The transition of a cold winter snowpack to one that is ripe and contributing to runoff is crucial to gauge for water resource management, but is highly variable in space and time. Snow surface melt/freeze cycles, associated with diurnal f…

Indus River Basin Glacier Melt at the Subbasin Scale Open

Alexandra Giese, S. Rupper, D. G. Keeler, Eric S. Johnson, R. R. Forster · 2022

Pakistan is the most glaciated country on the planet but faces increasing water scarcity due to the vulnerability of its primary water source, the Indus River, to changes in climate and demand. Glacier melt constitutes over one-third of th…

Quantifying Geodetic Mass Balance of the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields Since 1976 Open

Morgan McDonnell, S. Rupper, R. R. Forster · 2022

Southern Andean glaciers contribute substantially to global sea-level rise. Unfortunately, mass balance estimates prior to 2000 are limited, hindering our understanding of the evolution of glacier mass changes over time. Elevation changes …

Hydrologic Properties of a Highly Permeable Firn Aquifer in the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica Open

Lynn Montgomery, C. Miège, Julie Z. Miller, T. A. Scambos, Bruce Wallin , et al. · 2020

We present measurements of the density, hydraulic conductivity, and specific discharge of a widespread firn aquifer in Antarctica, within the Wilkins Ice Shelf. At the field site, the aquifer is 16.2 m thick, starting at 13.4 m from the sn…

Integrated Borehole, Radar, and Seismic Velocity Analysis Reveals Dynamic Spatial Variations Within a Firn Aquifer in Southeast Greenland Open

Siobhan Killingbeck, N. C. Schmerr, Lynn Montgomery, Adam Booth, Philip W. Livermore , et al. · 2020

Perennial water storage in firn aquifers has been observed within the lower percolation zone of the southeast Greenland ice sheet. Spatially distributed seismic and radar observations, made ~50 km upstream of the Helheim Glacier terminus, …

Hydrology of a Perennial Firn Aquifer in Southeast Greenland: An Overview Driven by Field Data Open

Olivia Miller, D. Kip Solomon, C. Miège, L. Koenig, R. R. Forster , et al. · 2020

Firn aquifers have been discovered across regions of the Greenland ice sheet with high snow accumulation and melt rates, but the processes and rates that sustain these aquifers have not been fully quantified or supported by field data. A q…

Direct Observation of Winter Meltwater Drainage From the Greenland Ice Sheet Open

L. H. Pitcher, L. C. Smith, Colin J. Gleason, C. Miège, Jonathan C. Ryan , et al. · 2020

Meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) significantly contributes to sea level rise and is the dominant driver of enhanced mass loss. While most melt occurs during summer, little is known about its seasonal and/or interannual …

Deriving water content from multiple geophysical properties of a firn aquifer in Southeast Greenland Open

Siobhan Killingbeck, N. C. Schmerr, Lynn Montgomery, Adam Booth, Philip W. Livermore , et al. · 2020

<p>Warming of the polar ice sheets causes changes in the hydrological regime of surface layers of firn and ice. Surface meltwater may undergo perennial storage of liquid water above the firn-ice transition, which could slow sea level…

Mapping Snowmelt Progression in the Upper Indus Basin With Synthetic Aperture Radar Open

Jewell Lund, R. R. Forster, S. Rupper, E. J. Deeb, Hans‐Peter Marshall , et al. · 2020

The Indus River is a vital resource for food security, ecosystem services, hydropower, and economy for millions of people living in Pakistan, India, China, and Afghanistan. Glacier and snowmelt from the high altitude Himalaya, Karakoram, a…

High frequency variability in glacier meltwater patterns in the rhone watershed, switzerland Open

M. K. Meadows, S. Rupper, R. R. Forster, Gregory T. Carling, D. G. Keeler , et al. · 2018

Estimating water volume stored in the south-eastern Greenland firn aquifer using magnetic-resonance soundings Open

Anatoly Legchenko, C. Miège, L. Koenig, R. R. Forster, Olivia Miller , et al. · 2018

Direct Evidence of Meltwater Flow Within a Firn Aquifer in Southeast Greenland Open

Olivia Miller, D. Kip Solomon, C. Miège, L. Koenig, R. R. Forster , et al. · 2017

Within the lower percolation zone of the southeastern Greenland ice sheet, meltwater has accumulated within the firn pore space, forming extensive firn aquifers. Previously, it was unclear if these aquifers stored or facilitated meltwater …

Hydraulic Conductivity of a Firn Aquifer in Southeast Greenland Open

Olivia Miller, D. Kip Solomon, C. Miège, L. Koenig, R. R. Forster , et al. · 2017

Some regions of the Greenland ice sheet, where snow accumulation and melt rates are high, currently retain substantial volumes of liquid water within the firn pore space throughout the year. These firn aquifers, found between ~10 and 30 m …

Investigation of Firn Aquifer Structure in Southeastern Greenland Using Active Source Seismology Open

Lynn Montgomery, N. C. Schmerr, S. Burdick, R. R. Forster, L. Koenig , et al. · 2017

In spring of 2011, a perennial storage of water was observed in the firn of the southeastern Greenland ice sheet, a region of both high snow accumulation and high melt. This aquifer is created through percolation of surface meltwater downw…

Firn Meltwater Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet: A Model Comparison Open

Christian R. Steger, Carleen H. Reijmer, M. R. van den Broeke, Nander Wever, R. R. Forster , et al. · 2017

Runoff has recently become the main source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and is an important contributor to global sea level rise. Linking runoff to surface meltwater production is complex, as meltwater can be retained within t…

Spatial extent and temporal variability of Greenland firn aquifers detected by ground and airborne radars Open

C. Miège, R. R. Forster, Ludovic Brucker, L. Koenig, D. Kip Solomon , et al. · 2016

We document the existence of widespread firn aquifers in an elevation range of ~1200–2000 m, in the high snow‐accumulation regions of the Greenland ice sheet. We use NASA Operation IceBridge accumulation radar data from five campaigns (201…

Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009–2012) from airborne snow radar Open

L. Koenig, Alvaro Ivanoff, Patrick Alexander, Joseph A. MacGregor, Xavier Fettweis , et al. · 2016

Contemporary climate warming over the Arctic is accelerating mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet through increasing surface melt, emphasizing the need to closely monitor its surface mass balance in order to improve sea-level rise predic…

An Automated Approach for Mapping Persistent Ice and Snow Cover over High Latitude Regions Open

D. Selkowitz, R. R. Forster · 2015

We developed an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (glaciers and perennial snowfields) from Landsat TM and ETM+ data across a variety of topography, glacier types, and climatic conditions at high latitudes (above …

Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009–2012) from airborne Snow Radar Open

L. Koenig, Alvaro Ivanoff, Patrick Alexander, Joseph A. MacGregor, Xavier Fettweis , et al. · 2015

Contemporary climate warming over the Arctic is accelerating mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) through increasing surface melt, emphasizing the need to closely monitor surface mass balance (SMB) in order to improve sea-level ri…

Efficient meltwater drainage through supraglacial streams and rivers on the southwest Greenland ice sheet Open

L. C. Smith, V. W. Chu, Kang Yang, Colin J. Gleason, L. H. Pitcher , et al. · 2015

Significance Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet is a key contributor to global sea level rise and is expected to increase in the future, but it has received little observational study. We used satellite and in situ technologies …

The effects of dating uncertainties on net accumulation estimates from firn cores Open

S. Rupper, William F. Christensen, Barry R. Bickmore, Landon Burgener, L. Koenig , et al. · 2015

The mean, trend and variability of net snow accumulation in firn cores are often used to validate model output, develop remote-sensing algorithms and quantify ice-sheet surface mass balance. Thus, accurately defining uncertainties associat…

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