R. G. Harrison
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View article: The role of point discharge in the historical development of atmospheric electricity
The role of point discharge in the historical development of atmospheric electricity Open
Point discharge, like lightning, is an atmospheric electricity process which has been observed directly and indirectly for centuries. Point discharge occurs when an electric field is enhanced at a point, causing local ionisation of the air…
View article: Fundamental Sensor Response Time Limitations of Practical Air Temperature Measurement
Fundamental Sensor Response Time Limitations of Practical Air Temperature Measurement Open
Air temperature measurements in naturally ventilated thermometer screens underpin the instrumental climate record. Increasing automation is, however, revealing limitations. One is through thermometer time response, especially in light wind…
View article: Evaluating meteorological reanalysis for identifying fair‐weather conditions in historical atmospheric electricity data
Evaluating meteorological reanalysis for identifying fair‐weather conditions in historical atmospheric electricity data Open
Surface atmospheric electricity measurements, particularly of the vertical electric field (or potential gradient, PG) began in the 1770s, becoming more widespread in the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century. In the twentieth centur…
View article: The Role of Point Discharge in the Development of Atmospheric Electricity
The Role of Point Discharge in the Development of Atmospheric Electricity Open
Point discharge, like lightning, is an atmospheric electricity process which has been observed directly and indirectly for centuries. Point discharge occurs when an electric field is enhanced at a point, causing local ionisation of the air…
View article: Atmospheric Electricity Data From Lerwick During 1964 to 1984
Atmospheric Electricity Data From Lerwick During 1964 to 1984 Open
A dataset of the atmospheric Potential Gradient (PG) from Lerwick observatory in Shetland is now available, which provides hourly‐averaged PG for each month, from January 1964 to July 1984. The measurements were made consistently, with cal…
View article: The global circuit capacitor and two new ways of deriving the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit
The global circuit capacitor and two new ways of deriving the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit Open
Temporal smoothing of the electrical impulses generated by lightning and shower clouds occurs through the global atmospheric electric circuit (GEC); smoothing is quantified by the time constant of the GEC. Two new methods for calculating t…
View article: Historical Research on Aerosol Number Concentrations, Classifications of Air Pollution Severity and Particle Retention: Lessons for Present-Day Researchers
Historical Research on Aerosol Number Concentrations, Classifications of Air Pollution Severity and Particle Retention: Lessons for Present-Day Researchers Open
Research into the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure has repeatedly considered smaller particles, to the point where particle number concentration might be a more relevant metric than mass concentration. Here, we highlight so…
View article: Providing charge emission for cloud seeding aircraft
Providing charge emission for cloud seeding aircraft Open
Releasing charge into natural droplet systems such as fog and clouds offers a route to influence their properties. To facilitate charge release across a wide range of altitudes and meteorological circumstances—such as developing clouds—a c…
View article: Accuracy of daily extreme air temperatures under natural variations in thermometer screen ventilation
Accuracy of daily extreme air temperatures under natural variations in thermometer screen ventilation Open
Accurate air temperatures underpin environmental research. Most professional meteorological air temperature measurements still expose thermometers within traditional, naturally ventilated screens. Their representation of true air temperatu…
View article: Storm <i>Ciarán</i>'s effect on the boiling point of water in the southeast of the United Kingdom
Storm <i>Ciarán</i>'s effect on the boiling point of water in the southeast of the United Kingdom Open
The spatial atmospheric pressure field due to Storm Ciarán is investigated in the south‐east of the UK at high temporal and spatial resolution using data from roadside sites. During Ciarán’s passage, a reduction in the boiling point of wat…
View article: The direction of core soldification in asteroids: implications for dynamo generation.
The direction of core soldification in asteroids: implications for dynamo generation. Open
Paleomagnetic studies of meteorites over the past two decades have revealed that the cores of multiple meteorite parent bodies, including those of certain chondritic groups, generated dynamo fields as they crystallised. However, uncertaint…
View article: Determining the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit through modelling and observations
Determining the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit through modelling and observations Open
The DC global electric circuit (GEC) distributes charge in the lower atmosphere by current flow between “generator regions” (thunderstorms and rain clouds) and “load regions” (distant conductive air), with a timescale defined by circuit pr…
View article: Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory
Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory Open
Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly potential gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland (55.314° N, 3.206° W), between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also determined. The…
View article: Atmospheric electricity ‘<scp>CTR</scp> Wilson’ meeting 2023
Atmospheric electricity ‘<span>CTR</span> Wilson’ meeting 2023 Open
On 16 November 2023, UK and international researchers gathered at the University of Bath for the 11th CTR Wilson Meeting on atmospheric electricity. The CTR Wilson Institute for Atmospheric Electricity honours the Nobel Prize winner who al…
View article: New Evidence for a Global Atmospheric Electric Circuit on Venus
New Evidence for a Global Atmospheric Electric Circuit on Venus Open
The electrical environment of Venus has been investigated through extensive considerations of whether lightning has been detected in the atmosphere [1]. Although an important process, the presence or absence of lightning does not completel…
View article: Recent developments in dust electrification research&#160;
Recent developments in dust electrification research  Open
Electrification of dust in the atmosphere is abundant, observed by helicopter blades glowing from corona discharge in dusty environments, and sparks from barbed wire fences during the US Dust Bowl.  Electrification of particles in blo…
View article: Locating charged regions in extensive layer cloud
Locating charged regions in extensive layer cloud Open
Extensive layer clouds are common in Earth’s atmosphere. They acquire charge at their upper and lower boundaries, from the vertical current flowing in the global atmospheric electric circuit. The quantity of charge collected is relat…
View article: Potential gradient as a predictor of fog
Potential gradient as a predictor of fog Open
Although fog is an important weather phenomenon, it remains difficult to predict using traditional methods. This could be improved by new observations-based nowcasting systems. It has long been understood that fog affects measurements of a…
View article: Using meteorological reanalysis to identify weather conditions for classifying atmospheric electricity data&#160;
Using meteorological reanalysis to identify weather conditions for classifying atmospheric electricity data  Open
Atmospheric electricity Potential Gradient (PG) data has typically been classified by local weather conditions, such as by identifying data recorded during “fair weather” (FW) or in the absence of rainfall “no hydrometeor…
View article: Evaluating atmospheric electricity changes as an indicator of fog formation
Evaluating atmospheric electricity changes as an indicator of fog formation Open
Fog is a high‐impact weather phenomenon, which is challenging to forecast accurately. Measuring changes in atmospheric electricity has been proposed as a complement to other fog prediction methods, since fog is known to produce changes in …
View article: Reply on RC2
Reply on RC2 Open
Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly Potential Gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, (55.314° N, 356.794° E) between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also det…
View article: Comment on hgss-2023-15
Comment on hgss-2023-15 Open
Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly Potential Gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, (55.314° N, 356.794° E) between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also det…
View article: The effect of fog on atmospheric electric fields
The effect of fog on atmospheric electric fields Open
Naturally occurring electric fields exist in the atmosphere as part of the global electric circuit. These fields are produced by global phenomena, but they are strongly modified by local conditions. One such local effect is fog, which is t…
View article: Electrical effects on droplet behaviour
Electrical effects on droplet behaviour Open
The effect of charge on water droplets modulates various aspects of their behaviour. These include the droplet stability, evaporation, and lifetime. Microphysical models have been developed such that a reasonably good understanding of thes…
View article: Charge in non-thunderstorm clouds and fogs
Charge in non-thunderstorm clouds and fogs Open
The global atmospheric electric circuit links charge separation in thunderclouds with current flow throughout the atmosphere. This current flow causes charge accumulation on the upper and lower boundaries of clouds and fogs. Thunderclouds …
View article: A charge emitter for use in evaluating aircraft rainfall enhancement
A charge emitter for use in evaluating aircraft rainfall enhancement Open
Charging of droplets is known to influence their properties and interactions, such as through modifying their evaporation, collisions or stability. Introducing additional charge into a droplet system, such as a natural fog or cloud may the…
View article: Reply to RC1 comments
Reply to RC1 comments Open
Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly Potential Gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, (55.314° N, 356.794° E) between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also det…
View article: Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory
Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory Open
Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly Potential Gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, (55.314° N, 356.794° E) between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also determined. T…