Richard Lathe
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View article: Herpesviruses, antiviral treatment, and the risk of dementia – systematic review and meta-analysis
Herpesviruses, antiviral treatment, and the risk of dementia – systematic review and meta-analysis Open
The present review of the scientific literature generally shows little evidence of an association between herpesviruses and risk of dementia. However, the review shows evidence of an association between antiviral treatment and a decreased …
View article: A historic case of relapsing-remitting Alzheimer's disease in an adolescent attributed to scarlet fever
A historic case of relapsing-remitting Alzheimer's disease in an adolescent attributed to scarlet fever Open
We draw attention to a historic case of a boy who suffered from scarlet fever (typically caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes) at age 7 years and went on to develop the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). His physicians believe…
View article: Risk of Major Types of Dementias Following Hospital-Diagnosed Infections and Autoimmune Diseases
Risk of Major Types of Dementias Following Hospital-Diagnosed Infections and Autoimmune Diseases Open
Background: Population-based studies have shown an increased risk of dementia after infections, but weaker links were reported for autoimmune diseases. Evidence is scarce for whether the links may be modified by the dementia or exposure su…
View article: New approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease
New approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease Open
View article: Vaccines and Dementia: Part I. Non-Specific Immune Boosting with BCG: History, Ligands, and Receptors
Vaccines and Dementia: Part I. Non-Specific Immune Boosting with BCG: History, Ligands, and Receptors Open
Vaccines such as Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) can apparently defer dementia onset with an efficacy better than all drugs known to date, as initially reported by Gofrit et al. ( PLoS One 14 , e0224433), now confirmed by other studies. Unde…
View article: Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia
Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia Open
There is growing awareness that infections may contribute to the development of senile dementia including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and that immunopotentiation is therefore a legitimate target in the management of diseases of the elderly i…
View article: Hospital-Diagnosed Infections, Autoimmune Diseases, and Subsequent Dementia Incidence
Hospital-Diagnosed Infections, Autoimmune Diseases, and Subsequent Dementia Incidence Open
Importance Systemic inflammation has been suggested to explain reported associations between infections and dementia. Associations between autoimmune diseases and dementia also suggest a role for peripheral systemic inflammation. Objective…
View article: Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease Open
Microbial infections of the brain can lead to dementia, and for many decades microbial infections have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, a causal role for infection in AD remains contentious, and the lack of s…
View article: Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease
Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease Open
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically d…
View article: Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration
Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration Open
Microbial infections of the brain can lead to dementia, and for many decades microbial infections have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, a causal role for infection in AD remains contentious, and the lack of s…
View article: The remarkable complexity of the brain microbiome in health and disease
The remarkable complexity of the brain microbiome in health and disease Open
Microbes in human brain and their potential contribution to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have long been debated. We recently developed a new method (the electronic tree of life, eToL) based on small subunit…
View article: Restricted access data in the neurosciences: Are the restrictions always justified?
Restricted access data in the neurosciences: Are the restrictions always justified? Open
OPINION article Front. Neurosci., 24 January 2023Sec. Neural Technology Volume 16 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.975795
View article: Additional file 1 of The electronic tree of life (eToL): a net of long probes to characterize the microbiome from RNA-seq data
Additional file 1 of The electronic tree of life (eToL): a net of long probes to characterize the microbiome from RNA-seq data Open
Additional file 1.
View article: The electronic tree of life (eToL): a net of long probes to characterize the microbiome from RNA-seq data
The electronic tree of life (eToL): a net of long probes to characterize the microbiome from RNA-seq data Open
View article: Adjuvant effects of multifunctional transcription factor and BCG target YB-1: exogenous YB-1 enhances specific antibody production<i>in vivo</i>and protects mice against lethal<i>E. coli</i>challenge
Adjuvant effects of multifunctional transcription factor and BCG target YB-1: exogenous YB-1 enhances specific antibody production<i>in vivo</i>and protects mice against lethal<i>E. coli</i>challenge Open
There is growing interest in the beneficial effects of immune system boosting through the administration of adjuvants, not only in acute infections such as COVID but also in chronic degenerative disorders that are potentially associated wi…
View article: Reduced dementia incidence after varicella zoster vaccination in Wales 2013–2020
Reduced dementia incidence after varicella zoster vaccination in Wales 2013–2020 Open
Introduction Chronic infection with herpes viruses is a potential contributing factor to the development of dementia. The introduction of nationwide shingles (varicella zoster) vaccination in Wales might therefore be associated with reduce…
View article: The electronic tree of life (eTOL): a net of long probes to characterize the human microbiome from RNA-seq data
The electronic tree of life (eTOL): a net of long probes to characterize the human microbiome from RNA-seq data Open
Background Microbiome analysis generally requires PCR-based or metagenomic shotgun sequencing, sophisticated programs, and large volumes of data. Alternative approaches based on widely available RNA-seq data are constrained because of sequ…
View article: Reduced dementia incidence following varicella zoster vaccination in Wales 2013–2020
Reduced dementia incidence following varicella zoster vaccination in Wales 2013–2020 Open
INTRODUCTION Chronic infection with herpes viruses is a potential contributing factor to the development of dementia. The introduction of nationwide shingles (varicella zoster) vaccination in Wales might therefore be associated with reduce…
View article: Evidence that nuclear receptors evolved from terpene synthases
Evidence that nuclear receptors evolved from terpene synthases Open
Ligand-activated nuclear receptors (NRs) including steroid receptors orchestrate development, growth, and reproduction across all animal lifeforms - the Metazoa - but how NRs evolved remains mysterious. Given the universality of terpenoids…
View article: The Early Development of the Vaccinia–Rabies Recombinant Vaccine Raboral®
The Early Development of the Vaccinia–Rabies Recombinant Vaccine Raboral® Open
The recombinant vaccinia–rabies vaccine, now known as Raboral®, has been widely used in Europe and North America to control/eliminate rabies in the principal wildlife vectors, and thus prevent human transmission. The origins of this vaccin…
View article: Antiherpetic medication and incident dementia: Observational cohort studies in four countries
Antiherpetic medication and incident dementia: Observational cohort studies in four countries Open
Background and purpose Several epidemiological studies from Taiwan, all using the same data resource, found significant associations between herpes virus infection, antiherpetic medication, and subsequent dementia. We conducted a multicent…
View article: Antiherpetic medication and incident dementia: observational cohort studies in four countries
Antiherpetic medication and incident dementia: observational cohort studies in four countries Open
Introduction Recent meta-analysis of the association between herpesvirus infection and dementia concluded that the evidence for an association to date is insufficient. Methods 2.5 million individuals aged ≥65 years were followed up using l…
View article: From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior
From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior Open
A diversity of bacteria, protozoans and viruses (“endozoites”) were recently uncovered within healthy tissues including the human brain. By contrast, it was already recognized a century ago that healthy plants tissues contain abundant endo…
View article: Prion protein PrP nucleic acid binding and mobilization implicates retroelements as the replicative component of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Prion protein PrP nucleic acid binding and mobilization implicates retroelements as the replicative component of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Open
View article: The interoceptive hippocampus: Mouse brain endocrine receptor expression highlights a dentate gyrus (DG)–cornu ammonis (CA) challenge–sufficiency axis
The interoceptive hippocampus: Mouse brain endocrine receptor expression highlights a dentate gyrus (DG)–cornu ammonis (CA) challenge–sufficiency axis Open
The primeval function of the mammalian hippocampus (HPC) remains uncertain. Implicated in learning and memory, spatial navigation, and neuropsychological disorders, evolutionary theory suggests that the HPC evolved from a primeval chemosen…
View article: Evidence against a geographic gradient of Alzheimer's disease and the hygiene hypothesis
Evidence against a geographic gradient of Alzheimer's disease and the hygiene hypothesis Open
A significant positive correlation was previously reported (Fox et al.Evol Med Public Health 2013; 2013:173–86) between hygiene and the global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on World Health Organization (2004) data. These dat…
View article: The interoceptive hippocampus: mouse brain endocrine receptor expression highlights a dentate gyrus (DG)–cornu ammonis (CA) challenge– sufficiency axis
The interoceptive hippocampus: mouse brain endocrine receptor expression highlights a dentate gyrus (DG)–cornu ammonis (CA) challenge– sufficiency axis Open
The primeval function of the mammalian hippocampus (HPC) remains uncertain. Implicated in learning and memory, spatial navigation, and neuropsychological disorders, evolutionary theory suggests that the HPC evolved from a primeval chemosen…
View article: Terpenes, hormones and life: isoprene rule revisited
Terpenes, hormones and life: isoprene rule revisited Open
The year 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Leopold Ruzicka (1887–1976) for work on higher terpene molecular structures, including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones. Arguably his…
View article: Possible origin of the scrapie genome in small endogenous RNAs; studies on eight candidate species in 263K scrapie-infected hamster brain
Possible origin of the scrapie genome in small endogenous RNAs; studies on eight candidate species in 263K scrapie-infected hamster brain Open
SUMMARY The identity of the etiologic agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), remains unknown. While much attention has b…
View article: Herpes Infections and Dementia: Rebutting Alternative Fact
Herpes Infections and Dementia: Rebutting Alternative Fact Open
Recent commentary in Neurotherapeutics by Nath critically addresses the earlier report by Tzeng et al. that aggressive antiviral treatment (AVT) against herpes simplex virus (HSV) was associated with a later decrease in the incidence of Al…