Robert A. Cushman
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View article: PSIV-4 The effects of source and level of rumen undegradable protein on circulating lipid metabolites in beef heifers.
PSIV-4 The effects of source and level of rumen undegradable protein on circulating lipid metabolites in beef heifers. Open
Increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations in serum and follicular fluid can hinder embryonic development in cattle. Supplementing additional ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) increases insulin concentrations, therefore it…
View article: 421 Award Talk: Estrus improved pregnancy success but not embryo growth or uterine attachment.
421 Award Talk: Estrus improved pregnancy success but not embryo growth or uterine attachment. Open
Preovulatory estradiol concentrations and expression of estrus have been associated with greater pregnancy success in beef cattle following AI, thus an experiment was designed to determine if supplemental estradiol (E2) at GnRH-induced ovu…
View article: 94 Changes in cytokine concentrations among beef cattle that had a normal and abnormal estrous cycle after vaccination with a modified live viral vaccine: A meta-analysis
94 Changes in cytokine concentrations among beef cattle that had a normal and abnormal estrous cycle after vaccination with a modified live viral vaccine: A meta-analysis Open
Vaccination with a modified live viral vaccine (MLV) has been reported to negatively impact reproductive cyclicity in cattle. In previous studies, it has been determined that MLV combination vaccination upregulates the immune system, resul…
View article: 90 The evaluation of source and level of rumen undegradable protein on growth performance and ovarian parameters in beef heifers developed in dry-lots
90 The evaluation of source and level of rumen undegradable protein on growth performance and ovarian parameters in beef heifers developed in dry-lots Open
Heifers supplemented 50% animal sourced rumen undegradable protein (RUP) had increased pregnancy rates compared to heifers supplemented animal sourced 36% RUP, however heifers supplemented plant sourced 36% and 50% RUP had similar growth p…
View article: PS-15 Effects of source and level of ruminal undegradable protein on serum glucose, insulin, and urea nitrogen in developing beef heifers fed in a dry-lot
PS-15 Effects of source and level of ruminal undegradable protein on serum glucose, insulin, and urea nitrogen in developing beef heifers fed in a dry-lot Open
Supplementing animal sourced 50% rumen undegradable protein (RUP) improved pregnancy rates in grazing heifers. Grazing heifers offered a plant sourced 36% and 50% RUP supplement had no differences in puberty attainment or antral follicle c…
View article: PS-14 The influence of source and level of ruminal undegradable protein on antral follicle count and circulating concentrations of urea, glucose, and insulin in beef heifers grazing native rangelands
PS-14 The influence of source and level of ruminal undegradable protein on antral follicle count and circulating concentrations of urea, glucose, and insulin in beef heifers grazing native rangelands Open
The provision of supplements formulated to contain 50% animal sourced ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) compared to heifers supplemented animal sourced 36% RUP had greater pregnancy rates. However, the effect of plant sourced RUP at simil…
View article: PSVI-1 Relationship between calving day and lifetime productivity in a population of Angus cows managed for a decade with a short breeding season as heifers
PSVI-1 Relationship between calving day and lifetime productivity in a population of Angus cows managed for a decade with a short breeding season as heifers Open
Beef heifers that give birth early in their first calving season have a propensity to remain in the herd longer and wean more pounds of calves. This creates management strategies where fetal age is determined at pregnancy diagnosis and hei…
View article: Characterizing the prevalence of <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> subsp. <i>necrophorum, Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> subsp. <i>funduliforme,</i> and <i>Fusobacterium varium</i> in bovine and ovine semen, bovine gut, and vagino-uterine and fetal microbiota using targeted culturing and qPCR
Characterizing the prevalence of <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> subsp. <i>necrophorum, Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> subsp. <i>funduliforme,</i> and <i>Fusobacterium varium</i> in bovine and ovine semen, bovine gut, and vagino-uterine and fetal microbiota using targeted culturing and qPCR Open
Fusobacterium necrophorum is an important pathogen associated with several infectious diseases in cattle. However, recent sequencing-based studies reported that F. necrophorum may be positively associated with pregnancy in beef cows and th…
View article: <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i>and<i>Fusobacterium varium</i>are commensal members of the bovine reproductive microbiota and may colonize calf prenatally
<i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i>and<i>Fusobacterium varium</i>are commensal members of the bovine reproductive microbiota and may colonize calf prenatally Open
Fusobacterium necrophorum is an important pathogen associated with several infectious diseases in cattle. However, recent sequencing-based studies have indicated that F. necrophorum is positively associated with pregnancy in beef cows and …
View article: Development of <i>KISS1</i> knockout pigs is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal growth, and reduced skatole
Development of <i>KISS1</i> knockout pigs is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal growth, and reduced skatole Open
Kisspeptin is a major regulator of gonadotropin secretion in pigs. Previously, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of KISS1 was used to develop a mosaic parental line of pigs to generate offspring that would not need castration due to loss of kisspeptin.…
View article: Influence of commercial inactivated or modified-live virus vaccination at time of AI on corpus luteum development and function in beef cattle
Influence of commercial inactivated or modified-live virus vaccination at time of AI on corpus luteum development and function in beef cattle Open
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of vaccination with an inactivated virus vaccine (IVV) or modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine on the corpus luteum (CL). On d0, synchronized beef cows were treated with MLV (n = 70; BoviShield Gold FP…
View article: Influence of choline and follistatin supplementation during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation on oocyte competence and blastocyst development
Influence of choline and follistatin supplementation during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation on oocyte competence and blastocyst development Open
Summary Metabolite supplementation during in vitro embryo development improves blastocyst quality, however, our understanding of the incorporation of metabolites during in vitro maturation (IVM) is limited. Two important metabolites, folli…
View article: Disrupted one-carbon metabolism in heifers negatively affects their health and physiology
Disrupted one-carbon metabolism in heifers negatively affects their health and physiology Open
The objective of this study was to determine the dose-dependent response of one-carbon metabolite (OCM: methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) supplementation on heifer dry matter intake on fixed gain, organ mass, hematology, cytoki…
View article: Effect of beef heifer development systems utilizing corn residue and late summer planted cover crops on growth, reproductive performance, and economics
Effect of beef heifer development systems utilizing corn residue and late summer planted cover crops on growth, reproductive performance, and economics Open
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and reproductive performance of heifers developed using 3 different winter systems in the midwestern U.S. Spring-born heifers (n = 1,156; 214 d of age; SD ± 17 d) were used in a 3-yr study…
View article: PSII-7 Is Scrotal Ultrasound a Useful Tool in Ram Breeding Soundness examination?
PSII-7 Is Scrotal Ultrasound a Useful Tool in Ram Breeding Soundness examination? Open
Varicocele, a condition of abnormally dilated veins within the pampiniform plexus, is associated with reduced male fertility in several species but its frequency and impact in rams is not well documented. Semen was collected and pampinifor…
View article: PSII-12 Influence of Dietary Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid on Estrous Cycles and Early Pregnancy in Beef Heifers
PSII-12 Influence of Dietary Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid on Estrous Cycles and Early Pregnancy in Beef Heifers Open
Interest is growing in methods to apply precision nutritional supplements strategically during the peri-conceptual period to enhance progeny performance of beef females. Studies where supplemental methionine (MET) was provided to bovine fe…
View article: PSIV-18 Combination of 1.8 Mm Choline and Follistatin Supplementation May Reduce Transcript Abundance of CEPT1 and CPBE4 During In-Vitro Bovine Oocyte Maturation
PSIV-18 Combination of 1.8 Mm Choline and Follistatin Supplementation May Reduce Transcript Abundance of CEPT1 and CPBE4 During In-Vitro Bovine Oocyte Maturation Open
One-carbon metabolite supplementation during in vitro embryonic development improves blastocyst quality; however, our understanding of the effects of combining these metabolites during in vitro maturation (IVM) is limited. Supplementation …
View article: 399 Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation Throughout the Periconceptual Period of Gestation Alters Metabolite Concentrations and Fetal Development
399 Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation Throughout the Periconceptual Period of Gestation Alters Metabolite Concentrations and Fetal Development Open
Recent research reported changes in fetal growth due to increased methyl donor availability through periconceptual supplementation of the dam. We hypothesized that maternal supplementation of methionine (MET) or guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) …
View article: PSV-3 The Influence of Synovex-C Growth Implants at Weaning with Different Supplementation Levels on Ovarian Parameters in Developing Beef Heifers
PSV-3 The Influence of Synovex-C Growth Implants at Weaning with Different Supplementation Levels on Ovarian Parameters in Developing Beef Heifers Open
Use of growth promoting implants in beef heifers in Southwestern rangelands has been reported to improve growth, however, the effect on ovarian parameters is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence …
View article: 26 The Kisspeptin Knockout Pig: a New Model for Dissecting Mechanisms Controlling Reproduction
26 The Kisspeptin Knockout Pig: a New Model for Dissecting Mechanisms Controlling Reproduction Open
The biological role of kisspeptin in the reproduction of swine has been far less studied than in other species. In the porcine hypothalamus, kisspeptin is coexpressed with neurokinin B and dynorphin in KNDy neurons. Although kisspeptin-sti…
View article: 242 Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation During the Periconceptual Period of Gestation Shifts Methionine Metabolism of Fetal Bull Calves at D 63 of Gestation
242 Methionine and Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation During the Periconceptual Period of Gestation Shifts Methionine Metabolism of Fetal Bull Calves at D 63 of Gestation Open
Recent research has demonstrated that feeding rumen protected methionine (MET) products increases circulating methionine while feeding guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) may result in a methyl deficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that maternal M…
View article: PSJ volume 3 issue 4 Cover and Back matter
PSJ volume 3 issue 4 Cover and Back matter Open
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View article: Role of the placenta in developmental programming: Observations from models using large animals
Role of the placenta in developmental programming: Observations from models using large animals Open
View article: Relationship of field and in vitro fertility of dairy bulls with sperm parameters, including DAG1 and SERPINA5 proteins
Relationship of field and in vitro fertility of dairy bulls with sperm parameters, including DAG1 and SERPINA5 proteins Open
Introduction Sperm interacts with the female reproductive tract and oocyte through proteins, and these cell-to-cell interactions may play a role in sperm fertility. For consideration of a protein as a potential marker of fertility, there m…
View article: Bull field fertility differences can be estimated with in vitro sperm capacitation and flow cytometry
Bull field fertility differences can be estimated with in vitro sperm capacitation and flow cytometry Open
Introduction This study evaluated whether post in vitro capacitation changes in sperm could be used to estimate field fertility differences between bulls. Methods Frozen-thawed semen from five bulls (two to four ejaculates per bull) previo…
View article: One-carbon metabolite supplementation to heifers for the first 14 d of the estrous cycle alters the plasma and hepatic one-carbon metabolite pool and methionine-folate cycle enzyme transcript abundance in a dose-dependent manner
One-carbon metabolite supplementation to heifers for the first 14 d of the estrous cycle alters the plasma and hepatic one-carbon metabolite pool and methionine-folate cycle enzyme transcript abundance in a dose-dependent manner Open
The objective of this study was to determine the dose of folate and vitamin B12 in beef heifers fed rumen protected methionine and choline required to maintain increased B12 levels and intermediates of the methionine-folate cycle in circul…
View article: PSII-10 The Influence of Synovex-C Growth Implants at Weaning with Different Supplementation Levels on Growth Performance and Antral Follicle Counts in Developing Beef Heifers
PSII-10 The Influence of Synovex-C Growth Implants at Weaning with Different Supplementation Levels on Growth Performance and Antral Follicle Counts in Developing Beef Heifers Open
Dormant forage at weaning in Southwestern rangelands may not be nutritionally sufficient to support growth potential of calves administered a growth promoting implant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence…
View article: PSV-A-5 One-Carbon Metabolite Supplementation Influences Pancreatic α-Amylase Activity and Protein Concentration in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Beef Heifers
PSV-A-5 One-Carbon Metabolite Supplementation Influences Pancreatic α-Amylase Activity and Protein Concentration in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Beef Heifers Open
The objective of this study was to evaluate different combinations of one-carbon metabolites [OCM: rumen-protected methionine (RPM), rumen-protected choline (RPC), folate (FA), vitamin B12 (B12)] on pancreatic and jejunal carbohydrase acti…
View article: 367 Characterization of the Seminal Microbiota in Beef Bulls Subjected to Different Rate of Gains Using 16S Rrna Gene Sequencing and Culturomics
367 Characterization of the Seminal Microbiota in Beef Bulls Subjected to Different Rate of Gains Using 16S Rrna Gene Sequencing and Culturomics Open
Increasing evidence supports the existence of a microbial community in bovine semen, and that this seminal microbiota may influence not only the male reproductive health, but also female and offspring health through microbial transfer. In …
View article: A longitudinal characterization of the seminal microbiota and antibiotic resistance in yearling beef bulls subjected to different rate of gains using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing
A longitudinal characterization of the seminal microbiota and antibiotic resistance in yearling beef bulls subjected to different rate of gains using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing Open
Background: Increasing evidence supports the existence of a microbial community in bovine semen, and that this seminal microbiota may influence not only the male fertility but also female reproduction. In this study, we evaluated the semin…