Robert Carley
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View article: Photo-generated charge-transfer excitons in NiO revealed by ultrafast time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Photo-generated charge-transfer excitons in NiO revealed by ultrafast time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering Open
Strong electronic correlation can lead to insulating behavior and to the opening of large optical gaps, even in materials with partly filled valence shells. Although the non-equilibrium optical response encodes both local (quasi atomic) an…
View article: Ultrafast decoupling of polarization and strain in ferroelectric BaTiO3
Ultrafast decoupling of polarization and strain in ferroelectric BaTiO3 Open
A fundamental understanding of the interplay between lattice structure, polarization and electrons is pivotal to the optical control of ferroelectrics. The interaction between light and matter enables the remote and wireless control of the…
View article: The Heisenberg-RIXS instrument at the European XFEL
The Heisenberg-RIXS instrument at the European XFEL Open
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an ideal X-ray spectroscopy method to push the combination of energy and time resolutions to the Fourier transform ultimate limit, because it is unaffected by the core-hole lifetime energy broa…
View article: Analysis of long-lived effects in high-repetition-rate stroboscopic transient X-ray absorption experiments on thin films
Analysis of long-lived effects in high-repetition-rate stroboscopic transient X-ray absorption experiments on thin films Open
Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) has been shown to be a versatile measurement technique for investigating non-equilibrium dynamics. Novel X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities like the European XFEL offer increase…
View article: Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure
Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure Open
Optically induced intersite spin transfer (OISTR) promises manipulation of spin systems within the ultimate time limit of laser excitation. Following its prediction, signatures of ultrafast spin transfer between oppositely aligned spin sub…
View article: Optical control of 4 <i>f</i> orbital state in rare-earth metals
Optical control of 4 <i>f</i> orbital state in rare-earth metals Open
A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy …
View article: The Heisenberg-RIXS instrument at the European XFEL
The Heisenberg-RIXS instrument at the European XFEL Open
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) is an ideal X-ray spectroscopy method to push the combination of energy and time resolutions to the Fourier transform ultimate limit, because it is unaffected by the core-hole lifetime energy broa…
View article: Femtosecond spin-state switching dynamics of spin-crossover molecules condensed in thin films
Femtosecond spin-state switching dynamics of spin-crossover molecules condensed in thin films Open
The photoinduced switching of Fe(II)-based spin-crossover complexes from singlet to quintet takes place at ultrafast time scales. This a priori spin-forbidden transition triggered numerous time-resolved experiments of solvated samples to e…
View article: Short nanometer range optically induced magnetic fluctuations accompanying ultrafast demagnetization of nanoscale ferromagnetic domains
Short nanometer range optically induced magnetic fluctuations accompanying ultrafast demagnetization of nanoscale ferromagnetic domains Open
International audience
View article: Transient Non‐Collinear Magnetic State for All‐Optical Magnetization Switching
Transient Non‐Collinear Magnetic State for All‐Optical Magnetization Switching Open
Resonant absorption of a photon by bound electrons in a solid can promote an electron to another orbital state or transfer it to a neighboring atomic site. Such a transition in a magnetically ordered material could affect the magnetic orde…
View article: Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser
Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser Open
Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regi…
View article: The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni
The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni Open
The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. The interplay between the respective terms of the H…
View article: Photo-induced charge-transfer renormalization in NiO
Photo-induced charge-transfer renormalization in NiO Open
Photo-doped states in strongly correlated charge transfer insulators are characterized by $d$-$d$ and $d$-$p$ interactions and the resulting intertwined dynamics of charge excitations and local multiplets. Here we use femtosecond x-ray abs…
View article: The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni
The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni Open
The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in…
View article: Transient non-collinear magnetic state for all-optical magnetization switching
Transient non-collinear magnetic state for all-optical magnetization switching Open
Resonant absorption of a photon by bound electrons in a solid can promote an electron to another orbital state or transfer it to a neighboring atomic site. Such a transition in a magnetically ordered material could affect the magnetic orde…
View article: Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL Open
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a ded…
View article: Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL Open
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a ded…
View article: Transient Absorption of Warm Dense Matter Created by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Transient Absorption of Warm Dense Matter Created by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Open
Warm dense matter (WDM) is a ubiquitous state of matter encountered in various high energy density environments, at the frontier between a plasma and a condensed phase. It is key to astrophysics, planetary science and inertial confinement …
View article: Electron Dynamics at High-Energy Densities in Nickel from Non-linear Resonant X-ray Absorption Spectra
Electron Dynamics at High-Energy Densities in Nickel from Non-linear Resonant X-ray Absorption Spectra Open
The pulse intensity from X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) can create extreme excitation densities in solids, entering the regime of non-linear X-ray-matter interactions. We show L3-edge absorption spectra of metallic nickel thin films wit…
View article: Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL Open
The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and p…
View article: The soft X-ray monochromator at the SASE3 beamline of the European XFEL: from design to operation
The soft X-ray monochromator at the SASE3 beamline of the European XFEL: from design to operation Open
The SASE3 soft X-ray beamline at the European XFEL has been designed and built to provide experiments with a pink or monochromatic beam in the photon energy range 250–3000 eV. Here, the focus is monochromatic operation of the SASE3 beamlin…
View article: Real-time spatial characterization of micrometer-sized X-ray free-electron laser beams focused by bendable mirrors
Real-time spatial characterization of micrometer-sized X-ray free-electron laser beams focused by bendable mirrors Open
A real-time and accurate characterization of the X-ray beam size is essential to enable a large variety of different experiments at free-electron laser facilities. Typically, ablative imprints are employed to determine shape and size of µm…
View article: Terahertz-wave decoding of femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet light pulses
Terahertz-wave decoding of femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet light pulses Open
In recent years, femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and x-ray pulses from free-electron lasers have developed into important probes to monitor processes and dynamics in matter on femtosecond-time and angstrom-length scales. With the rap…
View article: Nonequilibrium sub–10 nm spin-wave soliton formation in FePt nanoparticles
Nonequilibrium sub–10 nm spin-wave soliton formation in FePt nanoparticles Open
Magnetic nanoparticles such as FePt in the L1 0 phase are the bedrock of our current data storage technology. As the grains become smaller to keep up with technological demands, the superparamagnetic limit calls for materials with higher m…
View article: Megahertz-rate Ultrafast X-ray Scattering and Holographic Imaging at the European XFEL
Megahertz-rate Ultrafast X-ray Scattering and Holographic Imaging at the European XFEL Open
The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence, and …
View article: Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL Open
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we pre…
View article: Non-equilibrium self-assembly of spin-wave solitons in FePt nanoparticles
Non-equilibrium self-assembly of spin-wave solitons in FePt nanoparticles Open
Magnetic nanoparticles such as FePt in the L10-phase are the bedrock of our current data storage technology. As the grains become smaller to keep up with technological demands, the superparamagnetic limit calls for materials with higher ma…
View article: Optical control of 4f orbital state in rare-earth metals
Optical control of 4f orbital state in rare-earth metals Open
A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth (RE) elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisot…