Robert E. Criss
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View article: The Physical and Mathematical Meaning of Temperature and Its Implications for Astronomy
The Physical and Mathematical Meaning of Temperature and Its Implications for Astronomy Open
Temperatures reported for astronomical objects are commonly extreme, and all are ascertained indirectly, using spectroscopy. However, narrow spectral peaks record microscopic behavior (transitions), whereas temperature is a macroscopic (bu…
View article: Dynamics of River Flood Waves below Hydropower Dams and Their Relation to Natural Floods
Dynamics of River Flood Waves below Hydropower Dams and Their Relation to Natural Floods Open
The dynamic behavior of flood waves on rivers is essential to flood prediction. Natural flood waves are complex due to tributary inputs, rainfall variations, and overbank flows, so this study examines hydropower dam releases, which are sim…
View article: Baryonic Mass Inventory for Galaxies and Rarefied Media from Theory and Observations of Rotation and Luminosity
Baryonic Mass Inventory for Galaxies and Rarefied Media from Theory and Observations of Rotation and Luminosity Open
Available inventories of baryonic mass in the universe are based largely on galactic data and empirical calculations made >20 years ago. Values falling below cosmological estimates underlie proposals that certain rarified gassy regions cou…
View article: Analytical Solutions and a Clock for Orbital Progress Based on Symmetry of the Ellipse
Analytical Solutions and a Clock for Orbital Progress Based on Symmetry of the Ellipse Open
Kepler’s discoveries were permitted by his remarkable insight to place the Sun at the focus of an elliptical planetary orbit. This coordinate system reduces a 2-dimensional orbit to a single spatial dimension. We consider an alternative co…
View article: A parameter-free model for temperature and pressure profiles in luminous, stable stars
A parameter-free model for temperature and pressure profiles in luminous, stable stars Open
The historic, classical thermodynamic model of star interiors neglects luminosity (𝐿), and consequently predicts ultrahigh central solar temperatures (𝑇 ~ 15 × 106 K). Modern models yield similar 𝑇 profiles mostly because local thermal equ…
View article: Theoretical and Observational Constraints on Lunar Orbital Evolution in the Three-Body Earth-Moon-Sun System
Theoretical and Observational Constraints on Lunar Orbital Evolution in the Three-Body Earth-Moon-Sun System Open
Extremely slow recession of the Moon from the Earth has been recently proposed and attributed to conversion of Earth’s axial spin to lunar orbital momentum. This hypothesis is inconsistent with long-standing recognition that the Moon’s orb…
View article: Thermodynamic Relationships for Perfectly Elastic Solids Undergoing Steady-State Heat Flow
Thermodynamic Relationships for Perfectly Elastic Solids Undergoing Steady-State Heat Flow Open
Available data on insulating, semiconducting, and metallic solids verify our new model that incorporates steady-state heat flow into a macroscopic, thermodynamic description of solids, with agreement being best for isotropic examples. Our …
View article: Stage-Based Flood Inundation Mapping
Stage-Based Flood Inundation Mapping Open
New methods allow the direct computation of flood inundation maps from lidar data, independently of discharge estimates, hydraulic analysis, or defined cross sections. One method projects the interpolated profile of measured flood levels o…
View article: Quantification of Sub-Solar Star Ages from the Symmetry of Conjugate Histograms of Spin Period and Angular Velocity
Quantification of Sub-Solar Star Ages from the Symmetry of Conjugate Histograms of Spin Period and Angular Velocity Open
Empirical laws proposed for the decline in star spin with time have heretofore been tested using ambiguous fitting models. We develop an analytical inverse model that uses histogram data to unequivocally determine the physical law governin…
View article: A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China
A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China Open
Landslides whose slide surface is gentle near the toe and relatively steep in the middle and rear part are common in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The mass that overlies the steep part of the slide surface is termed the “driving …
View article: Debate on the Physics of Galactic Rotation and the Existence of Dark Matter
Debate on the Physics of Galactic Rotation and the Existence of Dark Matter Open
This Special Issue was motivated by the disparate explanations of galactic dynamics promulgated by different philosophical camps [...]
View article: Debated Models for Galactic Rotation Curves: A Review and Mathematical Assessment
Debated Models for Galactic Rotation Curves: A Review and Mathematical Assessment Open
Proposed explanations of galactic rotation curves (RC = tangential velocity vs. equatorial radius, determined from Doppler measurements) involve dramatically different assumptions. A dominant, original camp invoked huge amounts of unknown,…
View article: A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in theThree Gorges Reservoir area, China
A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in theThree Gorges Reservoir area, China Open
Landslides whose slide surface is gentle near the toe and relatively steep in the middle and rear part are common in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The mass that overlies the steep part of the slide surface is termed the driving s…
View article: Density Profiles of 51 Galaxies from Parameter-Free Inverse Models of Their Measured Rotation Curves
Density Profiles of 51 Galaxies from Parameter-Free Inverse Models of Their Measured Rotation Curves Open
Spiral galaxies and their rotation curves have key characteristics of differentially spinning objects. Oblate spheroid shapes are a consequence of spin and reasonably describe galaxies, indicating that their matter is distributed in gravit…
View article: Density Profiles of 51 Galaxies from Parameter-Free Inverse Models of their Measured Differential Rotation
Density Profiles of 51 Galaxies from Parameter-Free Inverse Models of their Measured Differential Rotation Open
Spiral galaxies and their rotation curves have key characteristics of differentially spinning objects. Oblate spheroid shapes are a consequence of spin and reasonably describe galaxies, indicating that their matter is distributed in gravit…
View article: Galactic Density and Evolution Based on the Virial Theorem, Energy Minimization, and Conservation of Angular Momentum
Galactic Density and Evolution Based on the Virial Theorem, Energy Minimization, and Conservation of Angular Momentum Open
Spiral galaxies are spinning, internally densified objects. The Virial Theorem explains galactic rotation curves via its linkage of the rotation rate to the gravitational self-potential (Ug) and the moment of inertia of oblate spheroids. W…
View article: Verified solutions for the gravitational attraction to an oblate spheroid: Implications for planet mass and satellite orbits
Verified solutions for the gravitational attraction to an oblate spheroid: Implications for planet mass and satellite orbits Open
Forces external to the oblate spheroid shape, observed from planetary to galactic scales, are demonstrably non-central, which has important ramifications for planetary science. We simplify historic formulae and derive new analytical soluti…
View article: Implications of Geometry and the Theorem of Gauss on Newtonian Gravitational Systems and a Caveat Regarding Poisson’s Equation
Implications of Geometry and the Theorem of Gauss on Newtonian Gravitational Systems and a Caveat Regarding Poisson’s Equation Open
Galactic mass consistent with luminous mass is obtained by fitting rotation curves (RC = tangential velocities vs. equatorial radius r) using Newtonian force models, or can be unambiguously calculated from RC data using a model based on sp…
View article: Prediction of landslide runout based on influencing factor analysis
Prediction of landslide runout based on influencing factor analysis Open
Landslide runout predictions are essential for producing hazard maps and siting mitigation structures. Data from 55 catastrophic historical landslides in the mountainous area of China are used to determine how topography, material, trigger…
View article: The physics of galactic spin
The physics of galactic spin Open
Spiral galaxies are discrete spheroidal objects with highly organized, circular internal motions about a special axis. Available models do not describe these key features or explain why the central regions rotate like a solid body. Practic…