Robert H. Proctor
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View article: Role of the Gene tri14 in Biosynthesis of the Trichothecene Toxin Harzianum A in Trichoderma arundinaceum
Role of the Gene tri14 in Biosynthesis of the Trichothecene Toxin Harzianum A in Trichoderma arundinaceum Open
Trichothecenes are a family of toxic metabolites produced by multiple fungal species. All trichothecene analogs include an epoxide-containing tricyclic structure known as 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (EPT) but differ by the presence, absenc…
View article: A Multiplex High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assay to differentiate Fusarium graminearum chemotypes
A Multiplex High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assay to differentiate Fusarium graminearum chemotypes Open
Fusarium graminearum is a primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. The fungus produces trichothecene mycotoxins that render grain unsuitable for food, feed, or malt. Isolates of F. graminearum can differ in trichoth…
View article: The identification of a key gene highlights macrocyclic ring’s role in trichothecene toxicity
The identification of a key gene highlights macrocyclic ring’s role in trichothecene toxicity Open
Trichothecenes are toxins produced by certain species from several fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, Isaria, Paramyrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, and Trichothecium. These toxins are of interest because they contribute …
View article: TRI14 Is Critical for Fusarium graminearum Infection and Spread in Wheat
TRI14 Is Critical for Fusarium graminearum Infection and Spread in Wheat Open
Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid toxins produced by diverse ascomycetes, including Fusarium. The trichothecene analog deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen Fusarium graminearum is a virulence factor on …
View article: Fusarium Protein Toolkit: AI-powered tools to combat fungal threats to agriculture
Fusarium Protein Toolkit: AI-powered tools to combat fungal threats to agriculture Open
Background The fungal genus Fusarium poses significant threats to food security and safety worldwide because it consists of numerous species that cause destructive diseases in crops, as well as mycotoxin contamination. The adverse effects …
View article: Insects visit<i>Fusarium xyrophilum</i>pseudoflowers on the host<i>Xyris surinamensis</i>(Xyridaceae) and carry fungal DNA on their bodies
Insects visit<i>Fusarium xyrophilum</i>pseudoflowers on the host<i>Xyris surinamensis</i>(Xyridaceae) and carry fungal DNA on their bodies Open
The fungus Fusarium xyrophilum produces flower-like structures (i.e., pseudoflowers) that were recently discovered on yellow-eyed grasses ( Xyris spp.) in Guyana. It is unknown whether these pseudoflowers, which are composed entirely of fu…
View article: Does alteration of fumonisin production in Fusarium verticillioides lead to volatolome variation?
Does alteration of fumonisin production in Fusarium verticillioides lead to volatolome variation? Open
Fusarium verticillioides, a major fungal pathogen of maize, produces fumonisins, mycotoxins of global food safety concern. Control practices are needed to reduce the negative health and economic impacts of fumonisins. Therefore, we investi…
View article: Genome Sequence Resource of the Head Blight Pathogens <i>Fusarium asiaticum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> Isolated from Cereal Crops and Gramineous Weeds in Korea and China
Genome Sequence Resource of the Head Blight Pathogens <i>Fusarium asiaticum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> Isolated from Cereal Crops and Gramineous Weeds in Korea and China Open
Head blight is a serious fungal disease that results in yield loss and mycotoxin contamination in cereal crops worldwide. Head blight is primarily caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), which consists of at l…
View article: <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Effector FgNls1 Targets Plant Nuclei to Induce Wheat Head Blight
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Effector FgNls1 Targets Plant Nuclei to Induce Wheat Head Blight Open
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. Effectors suppress host immunity and promote disease development. The genome of F. graminearum contains hundre…
View article: A Novel Trichothecene Toxin Phenotype Associated with Horizontal Gene Transfer and a Change in Gene Function in Fusarium
A Novel Trichothecene Toxin Phenotype Associated with Horizontal Gene Transfer and a Change in Gene Function in Fusarium Open
Fusarium trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of most concern to food and feed safety. Production of these mycotoxins and presence of the trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster have been confirmed in only two multispecies lineage…
View article: Effect of Farnesol in Trichoderma Physiology and in Fungal–Plant Interaction
Effect of Farnesol in Trichoderma Physiology and in Fungal–Plant Interaction Open
Farnesol is an isoprenoid intermediate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and is produced by the dephosphorylation of farnesyl diphosphate. Farnesol plays a central role in cell growth and differentiation, controls production of ubiquinone an…
View article: Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) Open
The trichothecene toxin-producing fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum has potential as a biological control agent. However, most biocontrol studies have focused only on one strain, IBT 40837. In the current study, three Trichoderma isolates re…
View article: Cyclopiazonic acid in soft-ripened and blue cheeses marketed in the USA
Cyclopiazonic acid in soft-ripened and blue cheeses marketed in the USA Open
Strains of Penicillium camemberti and P. roqueforti are used in the production of soft-ripened and blue-veined cheeses. However, some strains can produce toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins), including α-cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a neu…
View article: Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex
Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Open
The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes socioeconomically important pathogens that cause disease for numerous crops and synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites that can contaminate feedstocks and food. Here, we used co…
View article: Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the <em>Fusarium Fujikuroi </em>Species Complex
Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the <em>Fusarium Fujikuroi </em>Species Complex Open
The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes socioeconomically important pathogens that cause disease and/or mycotoxin contamination on numerous crops. Here, we used comparative genomics to elucidate processes underlying the abil…
View article: Principles of Expertise for Skill Learning
Principles of Expertise for Skill Learning Open
Expertise in any domain is attained through extensive practice. The best practice methods depend on several factors, among which are the three primary phases of training: acquisition, retention, and transfer. In this chapter, we consider n…
View article: A-to-I mRNA editing controls spore death induced by a fungal meiotic drive gene in homologous and heterologous expression systems
A-to-I mRNA editing controls spore death induced by a fungal meiotic drive gene in homologous and heterologous expression systems Open
Spore killers are meiotic drive elements that can block the development of sexual spores in fungi. In the maize ear rot and mycotoxin-producing fungus Fusarium verticillioides, a spore killer called SkK has been mapped to a 102-kb interval…
View article: <i>Fusarium abutilonis</i> and <i>F. guadeloupense</i>, two novel species in the <i>Fusarium buharicum</i> clade supported by multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses
<i>Fusarium abutilonis</i> and <i>F. guadeloupense</i>, two novel species in the <i>Fusarium buharicum</i> clade supported by multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses Open
This study was conducted to elucidate evolutionary relationships and species diversity within the Fusarium buharicum species complex (FBSC). We also evaluate the potential of these species to produce mycotoxins and other bioactive secondar…
View article: Volatile Organic Compound Profile Fingerprints Using DART–MS Shows Species-Specific Patterns in Fusarium Mycotoxin Producing Fungi
Volatile Organic Compound Profile Fingerprints Using DART–MS Shows Species-Specific Patterns in Fusarium Mycotoxin Producing Fungi Open
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low-molecular weight fungal metabolites that have high vapor pressure at ambient temperatures and can function as airborne signals. Here, we report a VOC study of several different species of Fu…
View article: Distribution, Function, and Evolution of a Gene Essential for Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis in Trichoderma
Distribution, Function, and Evolution of a Gene Essential for Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis in Trichoderma Open
Trichothecenes are terpenoid toxins produced by species in 10 fungal genera, including species of Trichoderma . The trichothecene biosynthetic gene ( tri ) cluster typically includes the tri5 gene, which encodes a terpene synthase that cat…
View article: Mycotoxin Production in<i>Fusarium</i>According to Contemporary Species Concepts
Mycotoxin Production in<i>Fusarium</i>According to Contemporary Species Concepts Open
Fusarium is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world and arguably the world's most important mycotoxin-producing genus. Fusarium species produce a staggering array of toxic metabolites that contribute to plan…
View article: Use of the volatile trichodiene to reduce Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in wheat
Use of the volatile trichodiene to reduce Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in wheat Open
Summary Fusarium graminearum is the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB reduces yield and contaminates grain with the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (…
View article: <i>Fusarium chaquense</i>, sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene–producing species from native grasses in a wetland ecosystem in Argentina
<i>Fusarium chaquense</i>, sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene–producing species from native grasses in a wetland ecosystem in Argentina Open
The Chaco wetland is among the most biologically diverse regions in Argentina. In collections of fungi from asymptomatic native grasses (Poaceae) from the wetlands, we identified isolates of Fusarium that were morphologically similar to F.…
View article: No to <i>Neocosmospora</i> : Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus <i>Fusarium</i>
No to <i>Neocosmospora</i> : Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus <i>Fusarium</i> Open
This article is to alert medical mycologists and infectious disease specialists of recent name changes of medically important species of the filamentous mold Fusarium . Fusarium species can cause localized and life-threating infections in …