Robert X. Gao
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View article: Gemini Robotics 1.5: Pushing the Frontier of Generalist Robots with Advanced Embodied Reasoning, Thinking, and Motion Transfer
Gemini Robotics 1.5: Pushing the Frontier of Generalist Robots with Advanced Embodied Reasoning, Thinking, and Motion Transfer Open
General-purpose robots need a deep understanding of the physical world, advanced reasoning, and general and dexterous control. This report introduces the latest generation of the Gemini Robotics model family: Gemini Robotics 1.5, a multi-e…
View article: Dynamic hydrogel mechanics in organoid engineering: From matrix design to translational paradigms
Dynamic hydrogel mechanics in organoid engineering: From matrix design to translational paradigms Open
View article: A Novel Framework for Winter Crop Mapping Using Sample Generation Automatically and Bayesian-Optimized Machine Learning
A Novel Framework for Winter Crop Mapping Using Sample Generation Automatically and Bayesian-Optimized Machine Learning Open
Timely and accurate winter crop distribution maps are crucial for agricultural monitoring, food security, and sustainable land use planning. However, conventional methods relying on field surveys are labor-intensive, costly, and difficult …
View article: GUM-Based Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Nonlinear Optical Angle Sensor Using Artificial Neural Network
GUM-Based Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Nonlinear Optical Angle Sensor Using Artificial Neural Network Open
To address the difficulty of obtaining Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)-based measurement uncertainty for sensors employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the field of mechanical measurement, this paper pro…
View article: Investigation on the performance of plasma microreactor with cavitation channel for the oxidation degradation of methylene blue
Investigation on the performance of plasma microreactor with cavitation channel for the oxidation degradation of methylene blue Open
View article: NAMRC 53 Fast-Tracked research papers to Journal of Manufacturing Systems and Journal of Manufacturing Processes
NAMRC 53 Fast-Tracked research papers to Journal of Manufacturing Systems and Journal of Manufacturing Processes Open
View article: 53rd SME North American manufacturing research conference (NAMRC 53, 2025) Preface
53rd SME North American manufacturing research conference (NAMRC 53, 2025) Preface Open
View article: Comparison of Habitat Selection Models Between Habitat Utilization Intensity and Presence–Absence Data: A Case Study of the Chinese Pangolin
Comparison of Habitat Selection Models Between Habitat Utilization Intensity and Presence–Absence Data: A Case Study of the Chinese Pangolin Open
Identifying habitat characteristics is essential for conserving critically endangered species. When quantifying species habitat characteristics, ignoring data types may lead to misunderstandings about species’ specific habitat requirements…
View article: Construction and validation of a machine learning algorithm-based predictive model for difficult colonoscopy insertion
Construction and validation of a machine learning algorithm-based predictive model for difficult colonoscopy insertion Open
BACKGROUND Difficulty of colonoscopy insertion (DCI) significantly affects colonoscopy effectiveness and serves as a key quality indicator. Predicting and evaluating DCI risk preoperatively is crucial for optimizing intraoperative strategi…
View article: Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on MESO-TCN
Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on MESO-TCN Open
To address the issues of information redundancy, limited feature representation, and empirically set parameters in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a Multi-Entropy Screening and Optimization Temporal Convolutional Netwo…
View article: Evolving electricity supply and demand to achieve net-zero emissions: Insights from the EMF-37 study
Evolving electricity supply and demand to achieve net-zero emissions: Insights from the EMF-37 study Open
View article: Policy implications of net-zero emissions: A multi-model analysis of United States emissions and energy system impacts
Policy implications of net-zero emissions: A multi-model analysis of United States emissions and energy system impacts Open
View article: Surface roughness prediction in machining using two-stage domain-incremental learning with input dimensionality expansion
Surface roughness prediction in machining using two-stage domain-incremental learning with input dimensionality expansion Open
View article: Potential of machine learning in leaf-based multi-source data driven tomato growth monitoring
Potential of machine learning in leaf-based multi-source data driven tomato growth monitoring Open
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) represent a crucial fruit and vegetable crop whose leaf is a significant phenotypic parameter regulating photosynthesis and growth in a greenhouse environment. Chlorophyll content and leaf area index (LAI…
View article: Research on the mechanism of digital drive economy enhancing quality and efficiency
Research on the mechanism of digital drive economy enhancing quality and efficiency Open
This paper, based on unstructured data, examines the outcomes and impact mechanisms of digitalization from the perspective of technological advancement and institutional evolution, providing empirical evidence for the role of digitalizatio…
View article: Knowledge Driven Machine Learning Towards Interpretable Intelligent Prognostics and Health Management: Review and Case Study
Knowledge Driven Machine Learning Towards Interpretable Intelligent Prognostics and Health Management: Review and Case Study Open
Despite significant progress in the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) domain using pattern learning systems from data, machine learning (ML) still faces challenges related to limited generalization and weak interpretability. A promis…
View article: Real-Time Decision-Making for Digital Twin in Additive Manufacturing with Model Predictive Control using Time-Series Deep Neural Networks
Real-Time Decision-Making for Digital Twin in Additive Manufacturing with Model Predictive Control using Time-Series Deep Neural Networks Open
Digital Twin -- a virtual replica of a physical system enabling real-time monitoring, model updating, prediction, and decision-making -- combined with recent advances in machine learning, offers new opportunities for proactive control stra…
View article: The impact of preschool children’s physical fitness evaluation under self organizing maps neural network
The impact of preschool children’s physical fitness evaluation under self organizing maps neural network Open
To improve the scientific accuracy and precision of children's physical fitness evaluations, this study proposes a model that combines self-organizing maps (SOM) neural networks with cluster analysis. Existing evaluation methods often rely…
View article: Human-centric assembly in smart factories
Human-centric assembly in smart factories Open
View article: <p>Generative Manufacturing Systems: A Preprint</p>
Generative Manufacturing Systems: A Preprint Open
View article: Security and Privacy of Digital Twins for Advanced Manufacturing: A Survey
Security and Privacy of Digital Twins for Advanced Manufacturing: A Survey Open
In Industry 4.0, the digital twin is one of the emerging technologies, offering simulation abilities to predict, refine, and interpret conditions and operations, where it is crucial to emphasize a heightened concentration on the associated…
View article: From Form to Meaning: The Effects of Chinese Characters’ Iconicity on Children’s Perceptual and Semantic Processing across 3.5 to 6.5 Years
From Form to Meaning: The Effects of Chinese Characters’ Iconicity on Children’s Perceptual and Semantic Processing across 3.5 to 6.5 Years Open
While Pictographic characters are often used to support Chinese children’s character learning, little is known about how this facilitates their learning. This study examined the effects of Chinese character iconicity on perceptual similari…
View article: A Deeper Understanding of Key Issues in Kant's "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics"
A Deeper Understanding of Key Issues in Kant's "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics" Open
The treatise of "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics" has analyzed the probability of Metaphysics’ emerging as a science, which needs to be understood by clarifying crucial concepts such as "synthetic apriori judgments, " time and space,…
View article: Research on methods for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration under incomplete meteorological indicators
Research on methods for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration under incomplete meteorological indicators Open
Background Accurate estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) is crucial for farmland hydrology, crop water requirements, and precision irrigation decisions. The Penman-Monteith (PM) model has high accuracy in estimating ET 0…
View article: Multi-sensor fusion and machine learning-driven sequence-to-sequence translation for interpretable process signature prediction in machining
Multi-sensor fusion and machine learning-driven sequence-to-sequence translation for interpretable process signature prediction in machining Open
During machining, kinetic energy is imparted to a workpiece to remove material. The integrity of the machined surface, which depends on the energy transfer, affects the quality and performance of the product, therefore needs to be quantifi…
View article: Towards a Digital Twin Framework in Additive Manufacturing: Machine Learning and Bayesian Optimization for Time Series Process Optimization
Towards a Digital Twin Framework in Additive Manufacturing: Machine Learning and Bayesian Optimization for Time Series Process Optimization Open
Laser-directed-energy deposition (DED) offers advantages in additive manufacturing (AM) for creating intricate geometries and material grading. Yet, challenges like material inconsistency and part variability remain, mainly due to its laye…
View article: Ontology-integrated tuning of large language model for intelligent maintenance
Ontology-integrated tuning of large language model for intelligent maintenance Open
As new AI technologies such as Large Language Models (LLM) quickly evolve, the need for enhancing general-purpose LLMs with physical knowledge to better serve the manufacturing community has been increasingly recognized. This paper present…
View article: Vision AI-based human-robot collaborative assembly driven by autonomous robots
Vision AI-based human-robot collaborative assembly driven by autonomous robots Open
Autonomous robots that understand human instructions can significantly enhance the efficiency in human-robot assembly operations where robotic support is needed to handle unknown objects and/or provide on-demand assistance. This paper intr…
View article: Integrating Large Language Model for Natural Language-Based Instruction toward Robust Human-Robot Collaboration
Integrating Large Language Model for Natural Language-Based Instruction toward Robust Human-Robot Collaboration Open
View article: Artificial Intelligence in manufacturing: State of the art, perspectives, and future directions
Artificial Intelligence in manufacturing: State of the art, perspectives, and future directions Open
Inspired by the natural intelligence of humans and bio-evolution, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen accelerated growth since the beginning of the 21st century. Successful AI applications have been broadly reported, with Industry 4.0 pr…