Ross E. Byers
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Effects of Temperature and the Combination of Liquid Lime Sulfur and Fish Oil on Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, and Fruit Set in Apples Open
Effects of temperature and the combination of liquid lime sulfur (LLS) and fish oil (FO) applied during bloom on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in flowers and fruit set were examined in apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). Percen…
Tergitol-TMN-6 Surfactant Is an Effective Blossom Thinner for Stone Fruits Open
Effects of Tergitol-TMN-6 surfactant on blossom thinning (fruit set), fruit quality, and yield were studied in different cultivars of peach ( Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) during 2003 to 2005, and in one cultivar of nectarine Prunus persica …
Ethylene Inhibitors Delay Fruit Drop, Maturity, and Increase Fruit Size of 'Arlet' Apples Open
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied as a spray to 'Arlet' apple trees inhibited fruit drop and increased the pull force necessary to detach the fruit. AVG delayed the loss of fruit firmness, starch degradation, fruit shriveling, and red …
Root Restriction, an Alternative to Rootstocks, for Control of Flowering, Fruiting, Tree Growth, Yield Efficiency, and Fruit Quality of Apple Open
Apple (Malus Xdomestica Borkh.) trees planted in root-restriction bags provided an alternative to dwarfing rootstocks for control of tree vigor. Root restriction suppressed tree growth, reduced the need for pruning, and increased tree flow…
Prohexadione-calcium Suppression of Apple Tree Shoot Growth as Affected by Spray Additives Open
Technical grade prohexadione-calcium (93.2% a.i. P-Ca) applied to `Fuji'/M.9 trees in three applications in deionized water reduced shoot growth by 25%, but the addition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 to P-Ca suppressed shoot growth by 47%. If P-Ca was…
Harvest Date Influences Fruit Size and Yield of ‘York’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees Open
A delay in apple harvest caused an increase of fruit diameter, weight, price, and crop value, but allowed for increased fruit drop of 'York'/MM.111. Economic returns for 'York' and 'Golden Delicious' were increased approximately 16% by del…
Influence of Temperature and Darkness on Apple Fruit Abscission and Chemical Thinning Open
Stayman/M.27 (Malus Xdomestica Borkh.) placed in the dark for 60 hours at 21 days after full bloom lost more fruit if the dark period was at 21.1°C than if it was at 4.4°C. Spraying these trees with carbaryl or NAA prior to the dark treatm…
Partial Flower Thinning Increases Shoot Growth, Fruit Size, and Subsequent Flower Formation of Peach Open
Partial thinning of peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch) during bloom to 50% of the necessary level by hand, and followed by adjustment hand thinning at 42 days after full bloom (DAFB) was compared to a similar degree of thinning accomplished…
Relationships Among Day of Year of Drop, Seed Number, and Weight of Mature Apple Fruit Open
Preharvest fruit drop of apple [ Malu × domestica (L.) Borkh.] can cause significant crop losses, but factors controlling date of individual fruit drop are unknown. In three types of experiments, we investigated the relationships among see…
116 Preharvest Fruit Drop Studies, Harvest Quality, and Cold Storage of `Golden Delicious' and `Rome' Apples Open
Combinations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, ReTain) and NAA gave better control of fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' than either alone. When the full rate of ReTain (50 g/A) was compared to a reduced rate of ReTain (86 g/ha) plus NAA, equ…
266 Response of Winter-injured Peach Trees to Pruning Open
When temperatures reach -26 °C and lower, even for brief periods of time, damage to fruit buds and woody tissue of the peach tree is common. Low temperature injury on peach can lead to bark damage, gummosis, increased incidence of perennia…
509 Defoliation Affects Return Bloom, Fruit Set, and Fruit Quality of Three Apple Cultivars Open
In 1997 and 1998, we determined the effects of defoliation on return bloom and fruit set following a light cropping year. In one study, `Braeburn' trees were hand-thinned to a crop density (CD) of 3 fruit/cm 2 trunk cross sectional area (T…
165 Ethephon, Foliar Nutrient, and Gibberellin Sprays on Subsequent Season(s) Return Bloom and Fruit Set Open
Heavily cropping `York'/M.27 trees sprayed with seven multiple low doses of ethephon (135 mg/L each) did not cause greater return bloom in 1999 unless foliar fertilizers (either 18–18–18 or Ca N0 3 ) were added to the ethephon sprays. Foli…
162 The Influence of Root Restriction on Flowering, Fruiting, Tree Growth, Yields, and Fruit Quality of Apple Trees Open
`Fuji'/MM.111, `Pink Lady'/M.7A, and `Summerfield'/M.7A apple trees were planted in several types of individual root restrictive bags in the field in 1995. Bags were made of Knit and Woven fabrics, Galvanize hardware cloth (6.4 cm) with va…
164 Combinations of Chemical Thinners for Bloom and Post-bloom Apple Thinning Open
Effectiveness of pollination/fertilization inhibitors for flower thinning depends highly on the precise timing of sprays within 24 to 36 h after flower opening. In 1999, cool weather delayed the application of hormone-type thinners, which …
163 The Influence of Apogee and Its Combination with Ethephon, Chemical Thinners, Cations, and/or Adjuvants for Apple Tree Growth Control and Return Bloom Open
Prohexadione calcium applied as a series of three applications starting soon after petal fall to `Fuji'/M.9 apple trees reduced the number of pruning cuts, pruning time, pruning weight per tree, current season's shoot length, individual sh…
Response of Winter-injured Peach Trees to Pruning Open
Seven-year-old `Blake'/`Lovell' peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were subjected to four pruning levels (none, light, heavy, and dehorned) each at three times (April, May, and June) in a factorial arrangement following freezing inj…
Suppression of Fireblight in Apple Shoots by Prohexadione-calcium following Experimental and Natural Inoculation Open
Received for publication 20 July 1998. Accepted for publication 1 Aug. 1998. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty and does not imply approval to the exclusion of ot…
Cutting Apple Fruits Induces Cellulase Activity in the Abscission Zone Open
Preharvest abscission of apple [ Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh.] fruits causes significant crop loss in many years. In this study, fruit cutting was used to induce abscission in August and September. Abscission zones of `Redchief Delicious'…
The Effect of BAS-125W on Apple Tree Growth, Fruit Quality, and Fireblight Suppression Open
In 1995, BAS-125W applied at 125 to 500 mg/liter 23 days after full bloom (AFB) to `Starkrimson Delicious'/MM 106 and MM111 reduced average shoot weight and length of the longest shoots in the top and scaffold limbs by 50% at the highest r…
Hydrophobic Particles for Pest Control in Deciduous Tree Fruit Production Open
Fruit production requires extensive use of pesticides to control pest damage and maintain high product quality. Hydrophobic particles alter the leaf surface due to the hydrophobic and reflective nature of the particles and impart character…
Peach and Nectarine Fruit Softening Following Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Sprays and Dips Open
AVG sprays applied to `Redhaven' peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees 53, 72, 80, 87, or 94 days after full bloom (AFB) slightly delayed the first harvest date. Applications at 53 or 94 days AFB slightly delayed cumulative second and th…
Effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on Preharvest Fruit Drop and Maturity of ‘Delicious’ Apples Open
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date dramatically reduced preharvest drop of 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh). The loss of fruit firmness, starch, and water core was reduced by AVG sp…
AVG Effects on Preharvest Apple Fruit Drop and Maturity in Virginia Open
AVG applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date for several cultivars dramatically reduced pre-harvest fruit drop. The loss of fruit firmness and starch loss after the optimum harvest date was reduced by AVG sprays. The developmen…
Effect of Temperature on Chemical Apple Thinning Results Open
An analysis of daytime high temperatures for the 10-year period from 1984 to 1993 indicated that, in the 21 days after full bloom (AFB) in 7 of 10 years, there were 3 days or more above 29.5C. In the 15- to 21-day period AFB, when fruit ar…
Effect of Temperature on Chemical Apple Thinning Results Open
An analysis of daytime high temperatures for the 10-year period from 1984 to 1993 indicated that, in the 21 days after full bloom (AFB) in 7 of 10 years, there were 3 days or more above 29.5C. In the 15- to 21-day period AFB, when fruit ar…
Incidence of Stem Pitting of Lovell Rootstock and Own-rooted `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' Peach Trees Open
Own-rooted `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees and `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' on Lovell seedling rootstock were planted in fumigated and nonfumigated areas of a site where peach trees previously displaye…
1060 RESPONSES TO TREATMENTS APPLIED TO LIMBS VS. WHOLE TREES Open
Researchers often apply treatments to limbs rather than to whole trees. This technique allows the application of large numbers of treatments to a limited number of trees, and also allows adequate replication when a chemical is in very limi…