John C. Rothwell
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View article: Defining the Rhythm: Developing a New Method to Describe Tremor and Myoclonus
Defining the Rhythm: Developing a New Method to Describe Tremor and Myoclonus Open
Background The hallmark feature of tremor is rhythmicity, which can be quantified using power spectral density (PSD) analysis. However, tremor exhibits considerable variability, ranging from highly regular to more irregular patterns. Simil…
View article: Distinct impacts of sodium channel blockers on the strength–duration properties of human motor cortex neurons
Distinct impacts of sodium channel blockers on the strength–duration properties of human motor cortex neurons Open
Objective This study was undertaken to determine how voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) blockers modulate cortical excitability in vivo. VGSCs are critical for regulating axonal excitability, yet the effects of sodium channel‐blocking med…
View article: Recognizing EEG responses to active TMS vs. sham stimulations in different TMS-EEG datasets: a machine learning approach
Recognizing EEG responses to active TMS vs. sham stimulations in different TMS-EEG datasets: a machine learning approach Open
Background Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with simultaneous Electroencephalogram (TMS-EEG) allows assessing the neurophysiological properties of cortical neurons. However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) can be affected by compon…
View article: Evaluation of the impact of patient and public involvement on doctoral students in palliative dementia care research
Evaluation of the impact of patient and public involvement on doctoral students in palliative dementia care research Open
Background Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) has moral and practical importance by empowering stakeholders to influence research. Research by doctoral students is a major component of accepted research and research training, yet the lit…
View article: Distinct impacts of sodium channel blockers on the strength-duration properties of human motor cortex neurones
Distinct impacts of sodium channel blockers on the strength-duration properties of human motor cortex neurones Open
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are essential for regulating axonal excitability in the human brain. While sodium channel blockers are known to modulate neuronal excitability, their in vivo effects on the human cortex remain poorly u…
View article: Defining the rhythm: a new method to classify tremor and myoclonus
Defining the rhythm: a new method to classify tremor and myoclonus Open
Background Tremor hallmark feature is rhythmicity, which can be quantified using power spectral density analysis. However, tremor exhibits considerable variability, ranging from highly regular to more irregular patterns. Similarly, rhythmi…
View article: Rigidity in Parkinson's Disease: The Objective Effect of Levodopa
Rigidity in Parkinson's Disease: The Objective Effect of Levodopa Open
Background Quantitative evidence of levodopa‐induced beneficial effects on parkinsonian rigidity in Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking. Recent research has demonstrated the velocity‐dependent nature of objective rigidity in PD and reveale…
View article: A double-blind replication attempt of offline 5Hz-rTUS-induced corticospinal excitability
A double-blind replication attempt of offline 5Hz-rTUS-induced corticospinal excitability Open
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising new form of non-invasive neuromodulation. As a nascent technique, replication of its effects on brain function is important. Of particular interest is offline 5 Hz repetitive TUS (5 …
View article: A Double-Blind Replication Attempt of Offline 5Hz-rTUS-Induced Corticospinal Excitability
A Double-Blind Replication Attempt of Offline 5Hz-rTUS-Induced Corticospinal Excitability Open
Introduction Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising new form of non-invasive neuromodulation. As a nascent technique, replication of its effects on brain function is important. Of particular interest is offline 5Hz repeti…
View article: Fluoxetine does not influence response to continuous theta burst stimulation in human motor cortex
Fluoxetine does not influence response to continuous theta burst stimulation in human motor cortex Open
Aim Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are thought to exert a clinical effect through various mechanisms, including through alteration in synaptic plasticity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can induce temporary changes i…
View article: Amelioration of Focal Hand Dystonia via Low‐Frequency Repetitive Somatosensory Stimulation
Amelioration of Focal Hand Dystonia via Low‐Frequency Repetitive Somatosensory Stimulation Open
Background Dystonia presents a growing concern based on evolving prevalence insights. Previous research found that, in cervical dystonia, high‐frequency repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS; HF‐RSS) applied on digital nerves paradoxic…
View article: Frequency‐Selective Suppression of Essential Tremor via Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation
Frequency‐Selective Suppression of Essential Tremor via Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Open
Background Essential tremor (ET) is a common debilitating condition, yet current treatments often fail to provide satisfactory relief. Transcutaneous spinal cord electrical stimulation (tSCS) has emerged as a potential noninvasive neuromod…
View article: The Past, Current and Future Research in Cerebellar TMS Evoked Responses—A Narrative Review
The Past, Current and Future Research in Cerebellar TMS Evoked Responses—A Narrative Review Open
Transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a novel technique to investigate cortical physiology in health and disease. The cerebellum has recently gained attention as a possible new hotspot in the fi…
View article: Changes in Cortical Activation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Due to Coil Rotation Are Not Attributable to Cranial Muscle Activation
Changes in Cortical Activation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Due to Coil Rotation Are Not Attributable to Cranial Muscle Activation Open
Transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) allows for the study of brain dynamics in health and disease. Cranial muscle activation can decrease the interpretability of TMS-EEG signals by masking genuine…
View article: Frequency-selective suppression of essential tremor via transcutaneous spinal cord electrical stimulation
Frequency-selective suppression of essential tremor via transcutaneous spinal cord electrical stimulation Open
Background. Essential tremor is a common and debilitating condition, yet current treatments often fail to provide satisfactory relief. Transcutaneous spinal cord electrical stimulation has emerged as a potential non-invasive neuromodulatio…
View article: From Inhibition to Excitation and Why: The Role of Temporal Urgency in Modulating Corticospinal Activity
From Inhibition to Excitation and Why: The Role of Temporal Urgency in Modulating Corticospinal Activity Open
Previous research on movement preparation identified a period of corticospinal suppression about 200 ms prior to movement initiation. This phenomenon has been observed for different types of motor tasks typically used to investigate moveme…
View article: Sensorimotor integration in cranial muscles tested by short- and long-latency afferent inhibition
Sensorimotor integration in cranial muscles tested by short- and long-latency afferent inhibition Open
Data indicate the importance of taking into account the sensory receptors involved as well as the function of the target muscle when studying sensorimotor integration, both in physiological and neurological conditions.
View article: Changes in cerebellar output abnormally modulate cortical myoclonus sensorimotor hyperexcitability
Changes in cerebellar output abnormally modulate cortical myoclonus sensorimotor hyperexcitability Open
Cortical myoclonus is produced by abnormal neuronal discharges within the sensorimotor cortex, as demonstrated by electrophysiology. Our hypothesis is that the loss of cerebellar inhibitory control over the motor cortex, via cerebello-thal…
View article: Somatosensory input in the context of transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography: An evidence-based overview
Somatosensory input in the context of transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography: An evidence-based overview Open
The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination of the TEP by electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked b…
View article: Motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation: interpreting a simple measure of a complex system
Motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation: interpreting a simple measure of a complex system Open
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non‐invasive technique that is increasingly used to study the human brain. One of the principal outcome measures is the motor‐evoked potential (MEP) elicited in a muscle following TMS over the p…
View article: A Reflection on Motor Overflow, Mirror Phenomena, Synkinesia and Entrainment
A Reflection on Motor Overflow, Mirror Phenomena, Synkinesia and Entrainment Open
In patients with movement disorders, voluntary movements can sometimes be accompanied by unintentional muscle contractions in other body regions. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several motor phenomena…