Roy E. Welsch
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View article: A Novel Prediction Model for Multimodal Medical Data Based on Graph Neural Networks
A Novel Prediction Model for Multimodal Medical Data Based on Graph Neural Networks Open
Multimodal medical data provides a wide and real basis for disease diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prominent in disease diagnosis. CAD for multimodal medical data r…
View article: Alzheimer’s disease risk prediction using machine learning for survival analysis with a comorbidity-based approach
Alzheimer’s disease risk prediction using machine learning for survival analysis with a comorbidity-based approach Open
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a pressing global health challenge, demanding improved strategies for early detection and understanding its progression. In this study, we address this need by employing survival analysis techniques to pre…
View article: Quantification of muscle fiber malformations using edge detection to investigate chronic muscle pressure ulcers
Quantification of muscle fiber malformations using edge detection to investigate chronic muscle pressure ulcers Open
Background Microscopy of regenerated tissue shows different morphologies between the healing of acute wounds and chronic wounds. This difference can be seen manually by biologists, but computational methods are needed to automate the chara…
View article: Aligning LLMs with Human Instructions and Stock Market Feedback in Financial Sentiment Analysis
Aligning LLMs with Human Instructions and Stock Market Feedback in Financial Sentiment Analysis Open
Financial sentiment analysis is crucial for trading and investment decision-making. This study introduces an adaptive retrieval augmented framework for Large Language Models (LLMs) that aligns with human instructions through Instruction Tu…
View article: Hierarchical Reinforced Trader (HRT): A Bi-Level Approach for Optimizing Stock Selection and Execution
Hierarchical Reinforced Trader (HRT): A Bi-Level Approach for Optimizing Stock Selection and Execution Open
Leveraging Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in automated stock trading has shown promising results, yet its application faces significant challenges, including the curse of dimensionality, inertia in trading actions, and insufficient port…
View article: Barrier Function to Skin Elasticity in Talking Head
Barrier Function to Skin Elasticity in Talking Head Open
In this paper, we target the problem of generating facial expressions from a piece of audio. This is challenging since both audio and video have inherent characteristics that are distinct from the other. Some words may have identical lip m…
View article: Foundational model aided automatic high-throughput drug screening using self-controlled cohort study
Foundational model aided automatic high-throughput drug screening using self-controlled cohort study Open
Background Developing medicine from scratch to governmental authorization and detecting adverse drug reactions (ADR) have barely been economical, expeditious, and risk-averse investments. The availability of large-scale observational healt…
View article: Can metformin prevent cancer relative to sulfonylureas? A target trial emulation accounting for competing risks and poor overlap via double/debiased machine learning estimators
Can metformin prevent cancer relative to sulfonylureas? A target trial emulation accounting for competing risks and poor overlap via double/debiased machine learning estimators Open
There is mounting interest in the possibility that metformin, indicated for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, has a range of additional beneficial effects. Randomized trials have shown that metformin prevents adverse cardiovascular even…
View article: Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects on Survival Outcomes Using Counterfactual Censoring Unbiased Transformations
Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects on Survival Outcomes Using Counterfactual Censoring Unbiased Transformations Open
Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) from observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, with less attention paid to survival outcomes and almost none to settings with competing risks. In …
View article: Bias formulas for violations of proximal identification assumptions in a linear structural equation model
Bias formulas for violations of proximal identification assumptions in a linear structural equation model Open
Causal inference from observational data often rests on the unverifiable assumption of no unmeasured confounding. Recently, Tchetgen Tchetgen and colleagues have introduced proximal inference to leverage negative control outcomes and expos…
View article: Artificial intelligence for improving Nitrogen Dioxide forecasting of Abu Dhabi environment agency ground-based stations
Artificial intelligence for improving Nitrogen Dioxide forecasting of Abu Dhabi environment agency ground-based stations Open
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO $$_{2}$$ ) is a common air pollutant associated with several adverse health problems such as pediatric asthma, cardiovascular mortality,and respiratory mortality. Due to the urgent society’s need to reduce pollutant…
View article: Efficient estimation of weighted cumulative treatment effects by double/debiased machine learning
Efficient estimation of weighted cumulative treatment effects by double/debiased machine learning Open
In empirical studies with time-to-event outcomes, investigators often leverage observational data to conduct causal inference on the effect of exposure when randomized controlled trial data is unavailable. Model misspecification and lack o…
View article: Teaching Simulations Supported by Artificial Intelligence in the Real World
Teaching Simulations Supported by Artificial Intelligence in the Real World Open
Video conferencing has enabled synchronous communication in a classroom and created multi-sensory content to stimulate learners. Artificial intelligence involves complex equations that are better taught using a constructive pedagogy where …
View article: Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia
Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia Open
Metformin, a diabetes drug with anti-aging cellular responses, has complex actions that may alter dementia onset. Mixed results are emerging from prior observational studies. To address this complexity, we deploy a causal inference approac…
View article: Guest Editorial: Sentiment Analysis as a Multidisciplinary Research Area
Guest Editorial: Sentiment Analysis as a Multidisciplinary Research Area Open
The papers in this special section focus on bringing multidisciplinary knowledge into sentiment analysis. The last two decades have witnessed an enormous amount of research works on sentiment analysis and significant progress has been made…
View article: Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing" Open
Primary images, spreadsheets and files for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
View article: Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing" Open
Primary images, spreadsheets and files for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
View article: Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing" Open
Primary images, spreadsheets and files for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing" From the "Cardiotoxin" folder, "Stitch_A01_G001 incr bright" and "Stitch_A01_G001_0001 incr…
View article: Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
Dataset for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing" Open
Primary images, spreadsheets and files for "Quantification of Muscle Fiber Malformations Using Edge Detection to Investigate Chronic Wound Healing"
View article: Bias Formulas for Violations of Proximal Identification Assumptions
Bias Formulas for Violations of Proximal Identification Assumptions Open
Causal inference from observational data often rests on the unverifiable assumption of no unmeasured confounding. Recently, Tchetgen Tchetgen and colleagues have introduced proximal inference to leverage negative control outcomes and expos…
View article: Systematically exploring repurposing effects of antihypertensives
Systematically exploring repurposing effects of antihypertensives Open
With availability of voluminous sets of observational data, an empirical paradigm to screen for drug repurposing opportunities (i.e., beneficial effects of drugs on nonindicated outcomes) is feasible. In this article, we use a linked claim…
View article: The Transmission, Infection Prevention, and Control during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Retrospective Study
The Transmission, Infection Prevention, and Control during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Retrospective Study Open
The first wave of COVID-19 in China began in December 2019. The outbreak was quickly and effectively controlled through strict infection prevention and control with multipronged measures. By the end of March 2020, the outbreak had basicall…
View article: An Adaptive Routing Algorithm Based on Relation Tree in DTN
An Adaptive Routing Algorithm Based on Relation Tree in DTN Open
It is found that nodes in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) exhibit stable social attributes similar to those of people. In this paper, an adaptive routing algorithm based on Relation Tree (AR-RT) for DTN is proposed. Each node constructs its …
View article: Drug repurposing of metformin for Alzheimer’s disease: Combining causal inference in medical records data and systems pharmacology for biomarker identification
Drug repurposing of metformin for Alzheimer’s disease: Combining causal inference in medical records data and systems pharmacology for biomarker identification Open
Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, triggers anti-aging cellular responses. Aging is the principal risk factor for dementia, but previous observational studies of the diabetes drugs metformin vs. sulfonylureas have been mixed. We tested the h…
View article: State of the Art Causal Inference in the Presence of Extraneous Covariates: A Simulation Study.
State of the Art Causal Inference in the Presence of Extraneous Covariates: A Simulation Study. Open
The central task of causal inference is to remove (via statistical adjustment) confounding bias that would be present in naive unadjusted comparisons of outcomes in different treatment groups. Statistical adjustment can roughly be broken d…
View article: Dual Autoencoders Generative Adversarial Network for Imbalanced Classification Problem
Dual Autoencoders Generative Adversarial Network for Imbalanced Classification Problem Open
The imbalanced classification problem has become greatest issue in many fields, especially in fraud detection. In fraud detection, the transaction datasets available for training are extremely imbalanced, with fraudulent transaction logs c…