Kirsten Littlefield
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View article: Differential olfactory dysfunction and nasal tissue pathology in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants
Differential olfactory dysfunction and nasal tissue pathology in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, frequently induces olfactory dysfunction (OD), a symptom that significantly impacts patients' qua…
View article: Discovery of potent cross-neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of Marburg virus disease
Discovery of potent cross-neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of Marburg virus disease Open
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) are highly pathogenic filoviruses that cause Marburg virus disease (MVD), for which no approved treatment currently exists. In this study, we describe a panel of 10 novel mouse-derived monoclonal …
View article: The Importance of Lassa Fever and Its Disease Management in West Africa
The Importance of Lassa Fever and Its Disease Management in West Africa Open
Lassa virus (LASV) is a zoonotic pathogen endemic throughout western Africa and is responsible for a human disease known as Lassa fever (LF). Historically, LASV has been emphasized as one of the greatest public health threats in West Afric…
View article: Development of reverse genetics system for Guanarito virus: substitution of E1497K in the L protein of Guanarito virus S-26764 strain changes plaque phenotype and growth kinetics
Development of reverse genetics system for Guanarito virus: substitution of E1497K in the L protein of Guanarito virus S-26764 strain changes plaque phenotype and growth kinetics Open
Guanarito virus (GTOV) is a rodent-borne virus. GTOV causes fever, prostration, headache, arthralgia, cough, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epistaxis, bleeding gums, menorrhagia, and melena in humans. The lethality rate is 23.1% …
View article: Vaccine Candidates against Arenavirus Infections
Vaccine Candidates against Arenavirus Infections Open
The viral family Arenaviridae contains several members that cause severe, and often lethal, diseases in humans. Several highly pathogenic arenaviruses are classified as Risk Group 4 agents and must be handled in the highest biological cont…
View article: Greater Breadth of Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Females than Males Is Mediated by Increased Antibody Diversity in Germinal Center B Cells
Greater Breadth of Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Females than Males Is Mediated by Increased Antibody Diversity in Germinal Center B Cells Open
Adult females develop greater antibody responses to influenza vaccines than males. We hypothesized that female-biased immunity and protection would be dependent on the extent of virus diversity as well as molecular mechanisms in B cells wh…
View article: Greater breadth of vaccine-induced immunity in females than males is mediated by increased antibody diversity in germinal center B cells
Greater breadth of vaccine-induced immunity in females than males is mediated by increased antibody diversity in germinal center B cells Open
Inactivated influenza vaccines induce greater antibody responses in females than males among both humans and mice. To test the breadth of protection, we used recombinant mouse-adapted A/California/2009 (maA/Cal/09) H1N1 viruses containing …
View article: A bacterial extracellular vesicle‐based intranasal vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild‐type and Delta variants
A bacterial extracellular vesicle‐based intranasal vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild‐type and Delta variants Open
Several vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Current SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines include mRNA‐containing lipid …
View article: Antibody attributes that predict the neutralization and effector function of polyclonal responses to SARS-CoV-2
Antibody attributes that predict the neutralization and effector function of polyclonal responses to SARS-CoV-2 Open
Background While antibodies can provide significant protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease sequelae, the specific attributes of the humoral response that contribute to immunity are incompletely defined. Methods We employ machine …
View article: Pharmacokinetics of high-titer anti–SARS-CoV-2 human convalescent plasma in high-risk children
Pharmacokinetics of high-titer anti–SARS-CoV-2 human convalescent plasma in high-risk children Open
BACKGROUNDWhile most children who contract COVID-19 experience mild disease, high-risk children with underlying conditions may develop severe disease, requiring interventions. Kinetics of antibodies transferred via COVID-19 convalescent pl…
View article: Progression and Resolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Progression and Resolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters Open
View article: Comparative performance of multiplex salivary and commercially available serologic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization titers
Comparative performance of multiplex salivary and commercially available serologic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization titers Open
View article: Antibody Attributes that Predict the Neutralization and Effector Function of Polyclonal Responses to SARS-CoV-2
Antibody Attributes that Predict the Neutralization and Effector Function of Polyclonal Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Open
While antibodies provide significant protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease sequelae, the specific attributes of the humoral response that contribute to immunity are incompletely defined. In this study, we employ machine learning…
View article: Sex Differences in Lung Imaging and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in a COVID-19 Golden Syrian Hamster Model
Sex Differences in Lung Imaging and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in a COVID-19 Golden Syrian Hamster Model Open
Men experience more severe outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than women. Golden Syrian hamsters were used to explore sex differences in the pathogenesis of a human clinical isolate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coron…
View article: A bacterial extracellular vesicle-based intranasal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild-type and Delta variants
A bacterial extracellular vesicle-based intranasal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild-type and Delta variants Open
Several vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include mRNA-containing lipid …
View article: A hemagglutination-based, semi-quantitative test for point-of-care determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels
A hemagglutination-based, semi-quantitative test for point-of-care determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels Open
Serologic, point-of-care tests to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are an important tool in the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of current point-of-care antibody tests developed for SARS-CoV-2 rely on lateral flow assays, but these do …
View article: Markers of Polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Convalescent Plasma
Markers of Polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Convalescent Plasma Open
Convalescent plasma has been deployed globally as a treatment for COVID-19, but efficacy has been mixed. Better understanding of the antibody characteristics that may contribute to its antiviral effects is important for this intervention a…
View article: Delayed Rise of Oral Fluid Antibodies, Elevated BMI, and Absence of Early Fever Correlate With Longer Time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Clearance in a Longitudinally Sampled Cohort of COVID-19 Outpatients
Delayed Rise of Oral Fluid Antibodies, Elevated BMI, and Absence of Early Fever Correlate With Longer Time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Clearance in a Longitudinally Sampled Cohort of COVID-19 Outpatients Open
Background Sustained molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the upper respiratory tract (URT) in mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common. We sought to identify host…
View article: Sex differences in lung imaging and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a COVID-19 golden Syrian hamster model
Sex differences in lung imaging and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a COVID-19 golden Syrian hamster model Open
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more severe outcomes are reported in males compared with females, including hospitalizations and deaths…
View article: Pregnancy alters interleukin-1 beta expression and antiviral antibody responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Pregnancy alters interleukin-1 beta expression and antiviral antibody responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection Open
View article: Delayed rise of oral fluid antibodies, elevated BMI, and absence of early fever correlate with longer time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in an longitudinally sampled cohort of COVID-19 outpatients
Delayed rise of oral fluid antibodies, elevated BMI, and absence of early fever correlate with longer time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in an longitudinally sampled cohort of COVID-19 outpatients Open
Background Sustained molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the upper respiratory tract (URT) in mild to moderate COVID-19 is common. We sought to identify host and immune determinants of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Methods Ninet…
View article: Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality
Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality Open
SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibody therapies, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune globulin, are among the leading treatments for individuals with early COVID-19 infection. The functionality of conva…
View article: Durable SARS-CoV-2 B cell immunity after mild or severe disease
Durable SARS-CoV-2 B cell immunity after mild or severe disease Open
Most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals develop S-RBD specific, class-switched rMBCs that resemble germinal center derived B cells induced by effective vaccination against other pathogens, providing evidence for durable B cell mediated immuni…
View article: Comparative performance of multiplex salivary and commercially available serologic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization titers
Comparative performance of multiplex salivary and commercially available serologic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization titers Open
Oral fluid (hereafter saliva) offers a non-invasive sampling method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, data comparing performance of salivary tests against commercially-available serologic and neutralizing antibody (nAb) …
View article: ABO blood group and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response in a convalescent donor population
ABO blood group and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response in a convalescent donor population Open
Background and Objectives ABO blood group may affect risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or severity of COVID‐19. We sought to determine whether IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody (nAb) to SARS‐CoV‐2 vary by ABO blood group. Materials and Met…
View article: SARS-CoV-2–specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals
SARS-CoV-2–specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals Open
Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC …
View article: The Clinical Course of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study
The Clinical Course of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study Open
Background Outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been insufficiently characterized. To determine the progression of disease and determinants of hospitalization, we conducted a prospective cohort study. Methods Outpatient adult…
View article: Self-Collected Oral Fluid Saliva Is Insensitive Compared With Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Outpatients
Self-Collected Oral Fluid Saliva Is Insensitive Compared With Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Outpatients Open
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic control will require widespread access to accurate diagnostics. Salivary sampling circumvents swab supply chain bottlenecks, is amenable to self-collection, a…
View article: Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality
Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality Open
COVID-19 convalescent plasma, particularly plasma with high-titer SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibodies, has been successfully used for treatment of COVID-19. The functionality of convalescent plasma varies greatly, but the association of antibody …
View article: Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Plasma
Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Plasma Open
Background The efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) is primarily ascribed as a source of neutralizing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. However, the compositi…