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Role of lithium in enhancing radiation tolerance under γ-irradiation in lithium borosilicate waste glasses Open
Lithium-containing borosilicate glasses are used for the safe containment of high-level nuclear waste in the UK. Glasses were fabricated with varying Li2O contents and irradiated to a total γ-dose of 80 MGy to probe the relationship betwee…
In situ dissolution of the international simple glass (ISG-1 & ISG-2) and UK high-level-waste glass in extreme γ-radiation environments Open
In situ γ-irradiated dissolution of the International Simple Glass (ISG) 1 & 2 and a UK high-level waste glass (post-operational-clean-out (POCO)) was investigated following a modified Product Consistency Test-B protocol for 158 d at 40 °C…
View article: The Effects of Irradiation on Structure and Leaching of Pure and Doped Thin-Film Ceria SIMFUEL Models Prepared via Polymer-Templated Deposition
The Effects of Irradiation on Structure and Leaching of Pure and Doped Thin-Film Ceria SIMFUEL Models Prepared via Polymer-Templated Deposition Open
When studying hazardous materials such as spent nuclear fuel (SNF), the minimisation of sample volumes is essential, together with the use of chemically-similar surrogates where possible. For example, the bulk behaviour of urania (UO2) can…
View article: The Effects of Irradiation on Structure and Leaching of Pure and Doped Thin-Film Ceria SIMFUEL Models Prepared via Polymer-Templated Deposition
The Effects of Irradiation on Structure and Leaching of Pure and Doped Thin-Film Ceria SIMFUEL Models Prepared via Polymer-Templated Deposition Open
When studying hazardous materials such as spent nuclear fuel (SNF), minimisation of sample volumes is essential, together with the use of chemically-similar surrogates where possible. For example, the bulk behaviour of urania (UO2) can be …
Scavenging of Cation Radicals of the Visual Cycle Retinoids by Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Taurine, and Melanin Open
In the retina, retinoids involved in vision are under constant threat of oxidation, and their oxidation products exhibit deleterious properties. Using pulse radiolysis, this study determined that the bimolecular rate constants of scavengin…
Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Carotenoids and Reactive Oxygen Species: Contradictions Relating to Skin and Vision Open
Molecular mechanisms based on photo-physical processes involving dietary carotenoids, their radicals, and the role of oxygen are discussed and used to suggest explanations of the poorly understood and often contradictory results related to…
Does iron chelation by eumelanin contribute to the ethnic link with maternal mortality? Open
Significant disparities in maternal mortality between white and black mothers have been noted for over 80 years and remain an extremely serious problem. Black women are still four times more likely than white women to die in pregnancy or c…
Antimony-modified soda-lime-silica glass: Towards low-cost radiation-resistant materials Open
The development of inexpensive radiation-resistant glass is important for potential applications in displays, optics, and nuclear or space environments. This study considers the γ-ray and X-ray resistance of glasses relevant to low-cost fl…
Resurgence of a Nation’s Radiation Science Driven by Its Nuclear Industry Needs Open
This article describes the radiation facilities and associated sample preparation, management, and analysis equipment currently in place at the Dalton Cumbrian Facility, a facility which opened in 2011 to support the UK’s nuclear industry.…
The Reactive Oxygen Species Singlet Oxygen, Hydroxy Radicals, and the Superoxide Radical Anion—Examples of Their Roles in Biology and Medicine Open
Reactive oxygen species comprise oxygen-based free radicals and non-radical species such as peroxynitrite and electronically excited (singlet) oxygen. These reactive species often have short lifetimes, and much of our understanding of thei…
Active Intermediates in Copper Nitrite Reductase Reactions Probed by a Cryotrapping‐Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Approach Open
Redox active metalloenzymes catalyse a range of biochemical processes essential for life. However, due to their complex reaction mechanisms, and often, their poor optical signals, detailed mechanistic understandings of them are limited. He…
Active Intermediates in Copper Nitrite Reductase Reactions Probed by a Cryotrapping‐Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Approach Open
Redox active metalloenzymes catalyse a range of biochemical processes essential for life. However, due to their complex reaction mechanisms, and often, their poor optical signals, detailed mechanistic understandings of them are limited. He…
The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms—A Comprehensive Review Open
Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. As such, it was…
In situ monitoring of PVDF ultrasound transducers under gamma irradiation Open
Ultrasonic transducer (UT) systems are used for non-destructive testing and evaluation across a wide range of industries. In the nuclear industry, radiation damage of the UTs can lead to performance degradation or even complete failure. We…
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physiochemical Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate–Polyacrylonitrile (AMP–PAN) Composites Open
Managing certain by-products of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the radioactive isotopes of caesium: 134Cs, 135Cs and 137Cs is challenging due to their environmental mobility and radioactivity. While a great many materials can isolate Cs+ …
Scavenging of Retinoid Cation Radicals by Urate, Trolox, and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherols Open
Retinoids are present in human tissues exposed to light and under increased risk of oxidative stress, such as the retina and skin. Retinoid cation radicals can be formed as a result of the interaction between retinoids and other radicals o…
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physiochemical Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites Open
Managing certain by-products of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the radioactive isotopes of caesium: Cs-134, Cs-135 and Cs-137 is challenging due to their environmental mobility and radioactivity. While a great many materials can isolate C…
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physiochemical Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites Open
Managing certain by-products of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the radioactive isotopes of caesium: Cs-134, Cs-135 and Cs-137 is challenging due to their environmental mobility and radioactivity. While a great many materials can isolate C…
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions Open
The caesium radioisotopes 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs are highly problematic medium-lived species produced during nuclear fission, due to their high radioactivity and environmental mobility. While many ion exchange materials can readily isolat…
A Comparative Study of Biological Effects of Electrons and Co-60 Gamma Rays on pBR322 Plasmid DNA Open
Very High-Energy Electron (VHEE) therapy is a rapidly developing field motivated by developments in high-gradient linacs. Advantages include sufficient penetration (>30 cm) for treatment of deep-seated tumours, measured insensitivity to in…
Chemochromic Pd-V2O5 Sensors for Passive Hydrogen Detection in Nuclear Containments Open
The ability to detect and monitor hydrogen gas efficiently in process and storage facilities, handling nuclear material, is crucial to ensuring their safety. The accumulation of hydrogen gas, above the lower flammable limit (LFL), in a nuc…
Singlet Oxygen and Free Radical Reactions of Retinoids and Carotenoids—A Review Open
We report on studies of reactions of singlet oxygen with carotenoids and retinoids and a range of free radical studies on carotenoids and retinoids with emphasis on recent work, dietary carotenoids and the role of oxygen in biological proc…
Characterising the performance of hydrogen sensitive coatings for nuclear safety applications Open
The detection of hydrogen gas is essential in ensuring the safety of nuclear plants. However, events at Fukushima Daiichi NPP highlighted the vulnerability of conventional detection systems to extreme events, where power may be lost. Herei…