Ryan M. Holmes
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View article: Observed Increase in Tropical Pacific Ocean Surface Cold‐Warm Contrast Is Well Outside Model‐Simulated Range
Observed Increase in Tropical Pacific Ocean Surface Cold‐Warm Contrast Is Well Outside Model‐Simulated Range Open
Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) exhibit a strong background east‐west gradient, which intensified between 1982 and 2024. This trend is not well captured by global climate models, but whether this is due to model bias or in…
View article: Seasonal sea level forecasts for the Australian coast
Seasonal sea level forecasts for the Australian coast Open
Seasonal-to-interannual anomalies in coastal water levels, associated with climate drivers such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other atmospheric and oceanographic processes, contribute to coastal sea level extremes by raisi…
View article: Drivers of the extreme North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023
Drivers of the extreme North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023 Open
North Atlantic Ocean circulation and temperature patterns profoundly influence global and regional climate across all timescales, from synoptic 1 to seasonal 2–4 , decadal 5 , multidecadal 6,7 and beyond 8,9 . During 2023, an extreme and n…
View article: Asymmetric Response of the North Atlantic Gyres to the North Atlantic Oscillation
Asymmetric Response of the North Atlantic Gyres to the North Atlantic Oscillation Open
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a leading mode of atmospheric variability, affecting the North Atlantic Ocean on sub‐seasonal to multi‐decadal timescales. The NAO changes the atmospheric forcing at the ocean's surface, including wi…
View article: Asymmetric Response of the North Atlantic Gyres to the North Atlantic Oscillation
Asymmetric Response of the North Atlantic Gyres to the North Atlantic Oscillation Open
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a leading mode of atmospheric variability, affecting the North Atlantic Ocean on sub‐seasonal to multi‐decadal timescales. The NAO changes the atmospheric forcing at the ocean's surface, including wi…
View article: Drivers of the unprecedented North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023
Drivers of the unprecedented North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023 Open
North Atlantic Ocean circulation and temperature patterns profoundly influence global and regional climate across all time scales, from synoptic to seasonal, decadal, multi-decadal and beyond. During 2023 an unprecedented and near bas…
View article: Ocean gyres and surface buoyancy forcing
Ocean gyres and surface buoyancy forcing Open
Large-scale ocean circulation modulates weather and climate patterns by distributing heat, nutrients, and carbon dioxide within and across ocean basins. The large-scale circulation is driven by processes at the ocean's surface (such as win…
View article: How much Upwelling occurs in the Abyssal Bottom Boundary Layer?
How much Upwelling occurs in the Abyssal Bottom Boundary Layer? Open
We ask (i) what sets the vertical stratification in the abyssal ocean, and (ii) what sets the upwelling in the bottom boundary layer of the abyssal ocean?We restrict attention to the bottom-most, densest, 2000m of the ocean and analyse the…
View article: Air-sea coupling feedbacks over Tropical Instability Waves
Air-sea coupling feedbacks over Tropical Instability Waves Open
Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) are oceanic features that form around the equatorial Pacific cold tongue and influence the large-scale circulation and coupled climate variability including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Local air-sea …
View article: Closing the Loops on Southern Ocean Dynamics: From the Circumpolar Current to Ice Shelves and From Bottom Mixing to Surface Waves
Closing the Loops on Southern Ocean Dynamics: From the Circumpolar Current to Ice Shelves and From Bottom Mixing to Surface Waves Open
A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review focuses on connections between different components …
View article: Subsurface Warming of the West Antarctic Continental Shelf Linked to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Subsurface Warming of the West Antarctic Continental Shelf Linked to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Open
Recent observations suggest that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts basal melting of West Antarctic ice shelves, yet sparse ocean observations limit our understanding of the associated processes. Here we investigate how ENSO event…
View article: Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves
Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves Open
A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review focuses on connections between different components …
View article: Unravelling how winds and surface heat fluxes control the Atlantic Ocean's meridional heat transport
Unravelling how winds and surface heat fluxes control the Atlantic Ocean's meridional heat transport Open
The North Atlantic Ocean circulation, fuelled by winds and surface buoyancy fluxes, carries 1.25 PettaWatts of heat poleward in the subtropics, and helps in regulating global weather and climate patterns. Here, we assess the relative impac…
View article: ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade full forcing interannual simulation data for 1972-2018
ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade full forcing interannual simulation data for 1972-2018 Open
This data set contains the full forcing interannual simulation output from the global ocean-sea ice model ACCESS-OM2 in the 1° horizontal configuration over the period 1972-2018. This simulation was branched off from the repeat decade forc…
View article: ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade full forcing interannual simulation data for 1972-2018
ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade full forcing interannual simulation data for 1972-2018 Open
This data set contains the full forcing interannual simulation output from the global ocean-sea ice model ACCESS-OM2 in the 1° horizontal configuration over the period 1972-2018. This simulation was branched off from the repeat decade forc…
View article: ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade forcing control simulation data for 1972-2018
ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade forcing control simulation data for 1972-2018 Open
This data set contains control simulation output from the global ocean-sea ice model ACCESS-OM2 in the 1° horizontal configuration over the period 1972-2018. The model was spun-up using modified repeat decade forcing for the period 1962-19…
View article: ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade forcing control simulation data for 1972-2018
ACCESS-OM2 1° resolution global repeat decade forcing control simulation data for 1972-2018 Open
This data set contains control simulation output from the global ocean-sea ice model ACCESS-OM2 in the 1° horizontal configuration over the period 1972-2018. The model was spun-up using modified repeat decade forcing for the period 1962-19…
View article: Dataset associated with paper "On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability"
Dataset associated with paper "On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability" Open
Data repository for Yung & Holmes (2023) On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability, submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography This repository contains: - processed global oc…
View article: Dataset associated with paper "On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability"
Dataset associated with paper "On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability" Open
Data repository for Yung & Holmes (2023) On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability, submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography This repository contains: - processed global oc…
View article: Data related to the paper: Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation
Data related to the paper: Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation Open
Preprocessed outputs to reproduce figures in the paper: https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0016.1.
View article: Data related to the paper: Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation
Data related to the paper: Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation Open
Preprocessed outputs to reproduce figures in the paper: https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0016.1.
View article: Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves
Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves Open
A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review focuses on connections between different components …