Susan H. Backhouse
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View article: Prevalence of disordered eating in national-level rugby: a mixed-methods study of male and female players in England
Prevalence of disordered eating in national-level rugby: a mixed-methods study of male and female players in England Open
Background Athletes are recognised as being at elevated risk of disordered eating (DE), with particularly high prevalence observed in ‘weight-sensitive’ sports. However, limited research has examined this issue within contact sports such a…
View article: Bridging research and practice in the psychology of doping in sport: Reflections and future directions
Bridging research and practice in the psychology of doping in sport: Reflections and future directions Open
Doping in sport remains a persistent global challenge, eroding sporting integrity, athlete welfare, and public trust. Over the past 25 years, psychological research on doping has progressed from individual-level explanations to embracing m…
View article: A tale of be(com)ing a Sport Nutritionist: Reflexive insights from a researcher-practitioner entering the field
A tale of be(com)ing a Sport Nutritionist: Reflexive insights from a researcher-practitioner entering the field Open
Qualitative research can facilitate an understanding of the richness and complexity of human experience, shedding light on multifaceted relationships that exist within sporting environments. Within the field of sport nutrition, such immers…
View article: An Audit of Sport Nutrition Services Within Male and Female International Rugby Union: Implications for Research and Practice
An Audit of Sport Nutrition Services Within Male and Female International Rugby Union: Implications for Research and Practice Open
To critically evaluate sport nutrition services available to male and female international rugby unions. Fifteen participants, representing 16 international rugby unions, including nine female and seven male teams (one participant worked w…
View article: Daily energy expenditure and water turnover in female netball players from the Netball Super League: A doubly labeled water observation study
Daily energy expenditure and water turnover in female netball players from the Netball Super League: A doubly labeled water observation study Open
To establish the criterion‐assessed energy and fluid requirements of female netball players, 13 adult players from a senior Netball Super League squad were assessed over 14 days in a cross‐sectional design, representing a two‐ and one‐matc…
View article: Barriers and enablers in doping, anti-doping, and clean sport: A qualitative meta-synthesis informed by the theoretical domains framework and COM-B model
Barriers and enablers in doping, anti-doping, and clean sport: A qualitative meta-synthesis informed by the theoretical domains framework and COM-B model Open
To protect the integrity of sport, and the health of athletes, global anti-doping programmes seek to prevent doping, and elicit anti-doping and clean sport behaviours, through education, deterrence, detection, enforcement, and rules. To gu…
View article: Addressing the unique needs for anti-doping and clean-sport education of para-athletes and athlete-support personnel: an international Delphi study
Addressing the unique needs for anti-doping and clean-sport education of para-athletes and athlete-support personnel: an international Delphi study Open
Background There has been a lack of consideration of the specific needs of para-athletes and athlete-support personnel (ASP) when designing anti-doping and clean-sport education. To this, we developed recommendations for anti-doping and cl…
View article: Making competent decisions in sport and exercise science and sports medicine: Preliminary practical guidelines on sex and gender
Making competent decisions in sport and exercise science and sports medicine: Preliminary practical guidelines on sex and gender Open
Sport and exercise science, allied health and sports medicine (SAMS) professionals make daily decisions when designing research and implementing interventions. It is unclear, however, to what extent SAMS professionals consider clients' or …
View article: Identifying the Unique Needs for Clean-Sport Education for Para-Athletes and Athlete-Support Personnel
Identifying the Unique Needs for Clean-Sport Education for Para-Athletes and Athlete-Support Personnel Open
Background: To date, clean-sport education has not been purposefully designed to address the needs of para-athletes and athlete-support personnel (ASP). To maximize the effectiveness of clean-sport education for these important groups, thi…
View article: Investigating anti-doping roles of athlete support personnel working with international disabled athletes in six European nations using the COM-B Model and Theoretical Domains Framework
Investigating anti-doping roles of athlete support personnel working with international disabled athletes in six European nations using the COM-B Model and Theoretical Domains Framework Open
Objectives: Athlete support personnel (ASP) can play a significant role in protecting the integrity of sport and welfare of athletes. Yet, their perspective on how they proactively contribute to clean sport is rarely considered in anti-dop…
View article: The good, the bad, and the ugly: A qualitative secondary analysis into the impact of doping and anti-doping on clean elite athletes in five European countries
The good, the bad, and the ugly: A qualitative secondary analysis into the impact of doping and anti-doping on clean elite athletes in five European countries Open
sponsorship: The parent study, as well as the secondary analysis, received funding from the European Commission ERASMUS+ Collaborative Partnership Programme (RESPECT Project ID 2017-3178/001-001). (European Commission ERASMUS+ Collaborativ…
View article: The role of athlete support personnel in preventing doping: a qualitative study of a rugby union academy
The role of athlete support personnel in preventing doping: a qualitative study of a rugby union academy Open
Global anti-doping policy indicates that athlete support personnel (ASP, e.g., doctors, nutritionists) can play an important role in fostering supportive environments that protect against intentional and inadvertent doping. Yet, research i…
View article: The good, the bad and the ugly: A qualitative secondary analysis into the impact of doping and anti-doping on clean elite athletes in five European countries
The good, the bad and the ugly: A qualitative secondary analysis into the impact of doping and anti-doping on clean elite athletes in five European countries Open
Background: Although a precise percentage of athletes doping has remained elusive, evidence to date suggest that the majority of athletes are ‘clean’. Protecting clean sport, and the rights of athletes to a clean sport environment, is at t…
View article: Asthma medication in athletes: a qualitative investigation of adherence, avoidance and misuse in competitive sport
Asthma medication in athletes: a qualitative investigation of adherence, avoidance and misuse in competitive sport Open
Objectives The purpose of this qualitative study was to utilize the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behavior model (COM-B) to: (1) evaluate athlete knowledge and understanding of current asthma-related anti-doping regulations, (2) ex…
View article: Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model
Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model Open
To protect the integrity of sport and the health of athletes, global anti-doping programmes seek to prevent doping behaviours and elicit clean sport behaviours through education, deterrence, detection, enforcement and rules. To guide progr…
View article: Understanding and building clean(er) sport together: Community-based participatory research with elite athletes and anti-doping organisations from five European countries
Understanding and building clean(er) sport together: Community-based participatory research with elite athletes and anti-doping organisations from five European countries Open
In this study, we give voice to athletes and explore what ‘clean’ means for them in elite sport. Working together with elite athletes and National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) in five European countries, we investigated the meaning an…
View article: Understanding and building clean(er) sport together: Community-based participatory research with elite athletes and anti-doping organisations from five European countries
Understanding and building clean(er) sport together: Community-based participatory research with elite athletes and anti-doping organisations from five European countries Open
In this study, we give voice to athletes and explore what ‘clean’ means for them in elite sport. Working together with elite athletes and National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) in five European countries, we investigated the meaning an…
View article: Changing player behaviour in sport during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shake on it?
Changing player behaviour in sport during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shake on it? Open
To prevent the spread of infection during matches and training activities is a major challenge facing all sports returning from the enforced COVID-19 shutdown. During training and matches, rugby league players make contact with others whic…
View article: An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial
An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial Open
Objectives Coach-centred antidoping education is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a motivationally informed antidoping intervention for coaches, with their athletes’ willingness to dope as the primary outcome. Methods We delivered a clust…
View article: ‘Clean athlete status’ cannot be certified: Calling for caution, evidence and transparency in ‘alternative’ anti-doping systems
‘Clean athlete status’ cannot be certified: Calling for caution, evidence and transparency in ‘alternative’ anti-doping systems Open
In this paper we argue that whilst protecting clean sport is critically important to all stakeholders, alternative anti-doping protocols that put athletes in disadvantageous positions and/or pose risks to their professional and personal li…
View article: A Multistudy Cross-Sectional and Experimental Examination Into the Interactive Effects of Moral Identity and Moral Disengagement on Doping
A Multistudy Cross-Sectional and Experimental Examination Into the Interactive Effects of Moral Identity and Moral Disengagement on Doping Open
Moral identity and moral disengagement have been linked with doping likelihood. However, experiments testing the temporal direction of these relationships are absent. The authors conducted one cross-sectional and two experimental studies i…
View article: Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale
Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale Open
Although research investigating doping in sport is burgeoning, there is still a lack of proxy measures of doping behavior that have undergone extensive psychometric testing. To address this issue, we modified a previously used measure of d…