S. E. Dwyer
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View article: Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping
Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping Open
Improved low-frequency sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories would unlock study of intermediate-mass black hole mergers and binary black hole eccentricity and provide early warnings for multimessenger observations of binary neutr…
View article: LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run
LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run Open
Progress in gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy depends upon having sensitive detectors with good data quality. Since the end of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory-Virgo-KAGRA third Observing run in March 2020, detector-…
View article: Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run
Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run Open
On May 24, 2023, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), joined by the Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, began the fourth observing run for a two-year-long dedicated search for gravitational waves. The LI…
View article: Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit
Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit Open
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitat…
View article: Broadband Quantum Enhancement of the LIGO Detectors with Frequency-Dependent Squeezing
Broadband Quantum Enhancement of the LIGO Detectors with Frequency-Dependent Squeezing Open
Quantum noise imposes a fundamental limitation on the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, manifesting as shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise. Here, we present the first realization of frequenc…
View article: Searching for the causes of anomalous Advanced LIGO noise
Searching for the causes of anomalous Advanced LIGO noise Open
Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have detected gravitational waves from astronomical sources to open a new window on the Universe. To explore this new realm requires an exquisite level of detector sensitivity, meaning that the much stronge…
View article: Performance of the KAGRA detector during the first joint observation with GEO 600 (O3GK)
Performance of the KAGRA detector during the first joint observation with GEO 600 (O3GK) Open
KAGRA, the kilometer-scale underground gravitational-wave detector, is located at Kamioka, Japan. In April 2020, an astrophysics observation was performed at the KAGRA detector in combination with the GEO 600 detector; this observation ope…
View article: Environmental noise in advanced LIGO detectors
Environmental noise in advanced LIGO detectors Open
The sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors to gravitational waves can be
\naffected by environmental disturbances external to the detectors themselves.
\nSince the transition from the former initial LIGO phase, many improvements have
\…
View article: Squeezing in Gravitational Wave Detectors
Squeezing in Gravitational Wave Detectors Open
Injecting optical squeezed states of light, a technique known as squeezing, is now a tool for gravitational wave detection. Its ability to reduce quantum noise is helping to reveal more gravitational wave transients, expanding the catalog …
View article: LIGO’s quantum response to squeezed states
LIGO’s quantum response to squeezed states Open
Gravitational wave interferometers achieve their profound sensitivity by combining a Michelson interferometer with optical cavities, suspended masses, and now, squeezed quantum states of light. These states modify the measurement process o…
View article: Characterization of systematic error in Advanced LIGO calibration in the second half of O3
Characterization of systematic error in Advanced LIGO calibration in the second half of O3 Open
We present the probability distribution of the systematic errors in the most accurate, high-latency version of the reconstructed dimensionless strain $h$, at the Hanford and Livingston LIGO detectors, used for gravitational-wave astrophysi…
View article: Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO
Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO Open
Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers signif…
View article: Reducing scattered light in LIGO’s third observing run
Reducing scattered light in LIGO’s third observing run Open
Noise due to scattered light has been a frequent disturbance in the advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors, hindering the detection of gravitational waves. The non stationary scatter noise caused by low frequency motion can be recogniz…
View article: Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors Open
High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform…
View article: Sensitivity and performance of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the third observing run
Sensitivity and performance of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the third observing run Open
On April 1st, 2019, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO), joined by the Advanced Virgo detector, began the third observing run, a year-long dedicated search for gravitational radiation. The LIGO detector…
View article: Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO
Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO Open
© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. The measurement of minuscule forces and displacements with ever greater precision is inhibited by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which imposes a limit to the…
View article: Quantum-Enhanced Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
Quantum-Enhanced Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy Open
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravit…
View article: The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory
The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory Open
Recent gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO and Virgo observatories have brought a sense of great excitement to scientists and citizens the world over. Since September 2015,10 binary black hole coalescences and one binary neutron …
View article: Identification and mitigation of narrow spectral artifacts that degrade searches for persistent gravitational waves in the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO
Identification and mitigation of narrow spectral artifacts that degrade searches for persistent gravitational waves in the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO Open
Searches are under way in Advanced LIGO and Virgo data for persistent gravitational waves from continuous sources, e.g. rapidly rotating galactic neutron stars, and stochastic sources, e.g. relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang or su…
View article: Effects of transients in LIGO suspensions on searches for gravitational waves
Effects of transients in LIGO suspensions on searches for gravitational waves Open
This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudin…
View article: Quantum correlation measurements in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors
Quantum correlation measurements in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors Open
Quantum fluctuations in the phase and amplitude quadratures of light set limitations on the sensitivity of modern optical instruments. The sensitivity of the interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Advanced Laser Interfer…
View article: First Demonstration of Electrostatic Damping of Parametric Instability at Advanced LIGO
First Demonstration of Electrostatic Damping of Parametric Instability at Advanced LIGO Open
Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate with high optical power in their arms in order to achieve high shot-noise limited strain sensitivity. A significant limitation to increasing the optical power is the phenomenon of three-…
View article: Quantum correlation measurements in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors
Quantum correlation measurements in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors Open
Quantum fluctuations in the phase and amplitude quadratures of light set limitations on the sensitivity of modern optical instruments. The sensitivity of the interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Advanced Laser Interfer…
View article: Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy
Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy Open
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) consists of two widely separated 4 km laser interferometers designed to detect gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kH…
View article: The Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO Detectors at the Beginning of Gravitational Wave Astronomy
The Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO Detectors at the Beginning of Gravitational Wave Astronomy Open
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) consists of two widely separated 4 km laser interferometers designed to detect gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kH…
View article: Improving the data quality of Advanced LIGO based on early engineering run results
Improving the data quality of Advanced LIGO based on early engineering run results Open
The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors have completed their initial upgrade phase and will enter the first observing run in late 2015, with detector sensitivity expected to improve in future runs.…
View article: High precision optical cavity length and width measurements using double modulation
High precision optical cavity length and width measurements using double modulation Open
We use doubly phase modulated light to measure both the length and the linewidth of an optical resonator with high precision. The first modulation is at RF frequencies and is set near a multiple of the free spectral range, whereas the seco…
View article: Status of advanced ground-based laser interferometers for gravitational-wave detection
Status of advanced ground-based laser interferometers for gravitational-wave detection Open
Ground-based laser interferometers for gravitational-wave (GW) detection were first constructed starting 20 years ago and as of 2010 collection of several years' worth of science data at initial design sensitivities was completed. Upgrades…