S. E. Hough
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View article: Reflections on a Trio of North American Earthquakes in 1925
Reflections on a Trio of North American Earthquakes in 1925 Open
In 1925, three moderately large damaging earthquakes occurred in North America over four months: the 28 February (local time; LT) M 6.2 Charlevoix, 27 June (LT) M 6.6 Montana, and 29 June M 6.5 Santa Barbara earthquakes. The centennial ann…
View article: Macroseismology
Macroseismology Open
In this chapter I discuss the use of so-called macroseismic data, i.e., reports of damage and other effects of shaking on humans and the built environment, to improve the characterization of earthquakes and the ground motions they produce.…
View article: The 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake: A Retrospective Analysis
The 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake: A Retrospective Analysis Open
The 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake was a watershed event with far-reaching societal and scientific impacts. The earthquake, which occurred in the early days of both broadband seismic networks and the Internet, spurred a…
View article: Why do seismic hazard models worldwide appear to overpredict historical intensity observations?
Why do seismic hazard models worldwide appear to overpredict historical intensity observations? Open
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHAs) provide the scientific basis for building codes to reduce damage from earthquakes. Despite their substantial impact, little is known about how well PSHA predicts actual shaking. Recent PSHA …
View article: The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake: Relic Railroad Offset Reveals Rupture
The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake: Relic Railroad Offset Reveals Rupture Open
In the absence of documented surface rupture during the 1 September 1886 Charleston earthquake, there has been considerable speculation about the location and mechanism of the causative fault. We use an inferred coseismic offset of the Sou…
View article: Exploring the Effect of Minimum Magnitude on California Seismic Hazard Maps
Exploring the Effect of Minimum Magnitude on California Seismic Hazard Maps Open
A recent topic of interest is the performance of probabilistic seismic hazard maps relative to historical shaking datasets. Maps developed for different countries appear to overpredict shaking relative to historical shaking datasets. To ex…
View article: Modern Products for a Vintage Event: An Update on the 1933 Long Beach, California, Earthquake
Modern Products for a Vintage Event: An Update on the 1933 Long Beach, California, Earthquake Open
When a notable earthquake occurs in the United States, a range of familiar real- and near-real-time products are produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), and made available via the ANSS Compreh…
View article: Why do seismic hazard models predict higher shaking than that observed historically?
Why do seismic hazard models predict higher shaking than that observed historically? Open
<p>Seismologists have recently begun assessing how well probabilistic earthquake hazard models and corresponding maps forecast shaking that actually occurs. Based on several metrics, we find the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model for…
View article: On the documentation, independence, and stability of widely used seismological data products
On the documentation, independence, and stability of widely used seismological data products Open
Earthquake scientists have traditionally relied on relatively small data sets recorded on small numbers of instruments. With advances in both instrumentation and computational resources, the big-data era, including an established norm of o…
View article: A study on the effect of site response on California seismic hazard map assessment
A study on the effect of site response on California seismic hazard map assessment Open
Prior studies have repeatedly shown that probabilistic seismic hazard maps from several different countries predict higher shaking than that observed. Previous map assessments have not, however, considered the influence of site response on…
View article: Including site effects in seismic hazard maps
Including site effects in seismic hazard maps Open
Seismologists have long appreciated the influence of near-surface geology, in particular low-impedance sediment layers, on earthquake ground motions at frequencies of engineering concern. Modern ground motion models (GMMs) commonly account…
View article: Contributed Reports of Widely Felt Earthquakes in California, United States: If They Felt it, Did They Report it?
Contributed Reports of Widely Felt Earthquakes in California, United States: If They Felt it, Did They Report it? Open
In a recent study, Hough and Martin (2021) considered the extent to which socioeconomic factors influence the numbers and distribution of contributed reports available to characterize the effects of both historical and recent large earthqu…
View article: Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for California do not perform better relative to historical shaking data when site-specific VS30 is considered
Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for California do not perform better relative to historical shaking data when site-specific VS30 is considered Open
<div> <p>Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments forecast levels of earthquake shaking that should be exceeded with only a certain probability over a given period of time are important for earthquake hazard mitigation. These r…
View article: The role of appropriation in guided reinvention: establishing and preserving devolved authority with low-attaining students
The role of appropriation in guided reinvention: establishing and preserving devolved authority with low-attaining students Open
Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) relies on the pedagogy of guided reinvention, in which opportunities for learning are created through the teacher’s orchestration of whole-class mathematical discussion towards a specific goal. However…
View article: Revisiting Earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, Basin During the Early Instrumental Period: Evidence for an Association With Oil Production
Revisiting Earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, Basin During the Early Instrumental Period: Evidence for an Association With Oil Production Open
A total of seven independent M L ≥ 4.0 earthquakes occurred in the Los Angeles, California, basin, during the early instrumental period between 1932 and 1952, the largest of which was the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Revising available macr…
View article: Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)?
Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)? Open
Several recent studies have presented evidence that significant induced earthquakes occurred in a number of oil-producing regions during the early and mid-twentieth century related to either production or wastewater injection. We consider …
View article: Thumbnail‐Based Questionnaires for the Rapid and Efficient Collection of Macroseismic Data from Global Earthquakes
Thumbnail‐Based Questionnaires for the Rapid and Efficient Collection of Macroseismic Data from Global Earthquakes Open
The collection of earthquake testimonies (i.e., qualitative descriptions of felt shaking) is essential for macroseismic studies (i.e., studies gathering information on how strongly an earthquake was felt in different places), and when done…
View article: Source modeling of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake sequence: Implications for geodynamics and earthquake hazards
Source modeling of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake sequence: Implications for geodynamics and earthquake hazards Open
The Gorkha earthquake on April 25th, 2015 was a long anticipated, low-angle thrust-faulting event on the shallow décollement between the India and Eurasia plates. We present a detailed multiple-event hypocenter relocation analysis of the M…