Explanipedia

Human monoclonal antibodies targeting A35 protect from death against mpox 2296 Open

Raianna F. Fantin, Alesandro Civljak, Seok‐Chan Park, Jamenson Crandell, Valter Silva Monteiro , et al. · 2025

Description The mpox disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has re-emerged as a significant global health threat, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Recent …

Characterizing social behavior relevant for infectious disease transmission in four low- and middle-income countries, 2021-2023 Open

Kristin Nelson, Moses C. Kiti, Machi Shiiba, Charfudin Sacoor, Azucena Bardají , et al. · 2025

Infectious diseases account for nearly half of all child mortality worldwide, with most of the burden concentrated in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Person-to-person interactions, or 'contacts', facilitate the spread of respirator…

Characterizing social behavior relevant for tuberculosis transmission in four low- and middle-income countries Open

Kristin Nelson, Machi Shiiba, Rajan Srinivasan, Tyler S. Brown, Leonardo R. Martinez , et al. · 2025

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), a bacterium which is transmitted through the air. Close, sustained contact can lead to transmission of Mtb , but evidence also shows that transmission occurs als…

Comparison of contact diaries and wearable proximity sensors in measuring household contacts in low- and middle-income countries Open

Machi Shiiba, Moses C. Kiti, Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Noureen Ahmed, Charfudin Sacoor , et al. · 2025

Background Respiratory and enteric infections remain a high burden worldwide. The spread of these infections is driven by person-to-person interactions, or ‘contacts’. Contact diaries have been widely used to collect information such as th…

Ethics of maternal vaccination Open

Allison T. Chamberlain, James V. Lavery, Alexander White, Saad B. Omer · 2025

Involvement of women is critical in establishing guidelines Innovations in vaccine science have given us an incredible opportunity to leverage the maternal immune system to improve maternal, fetal, and infant health outcomes. Maternal vacc…

Human monoclonal antibodies targeting A35 protect from death caused by mpox Open

Raianna F. Fantin, Meng Yuan, Seok‐Chan Park, Bailey Bozarth, Hallie Cohn , et al. · 2025

Evaluating the burden of respiratory tract infections among mortality cases in Karachi, Pakistan: a post-pandemic surveillance analysis Open

Furqan Kabir, Raheel Allana, İnci Yıldırım, Aneeta Hotwani, Sameer Mohiuddin Belgaumi , et al. · 2025

We observed a high burden of RTIs in Karachi, with Klebsiella pneumoniae playing a major role in overall mortality across all age groups. Co-infections with multiple respiratory pathogens were common, underscoring the need for better diagn…

Determining the cause of death through mortality surveillance using verbal autopsy in Karachi, Pakistan Open

Raheel Allana, İnci Yıldırım, Shabina Ariff, Sameer Mohiuddin Belgaumi, Nazia Ahsan , et al. · 2025

The study underscores the need for targeted health care strategies to address the diverse CoD and varying health-seeking behaviours observed. Improving access to health care, particularly for home-based deaths and vulnerable age groups, is…

Medical education under siege: the war’s impact on medical and paramedical Sudanese students Open

Toga Khalid Mohamed, Tibyan O Abdalla, Sabahat Ahmed, Alanood Elnaeem, Tanzeel M A Omer , et al. · 2025

Background Medical education is pivotal in shaping healthcare systems globally. In Sudan, the war that erupted on the 15th of April 2023 has imposed significant implications and challenges for medical education in Sudan. The continuity and…

Change in confidence in public health entities among US adults between 2020–2024 Open

Hannah Melchinger, Saad B. Omer, Amyn A. Malik · 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant uncertainty among Americans, and eroded trust in US health entities and institutions. This study describes a longitudinal assessment of Americans’ change in confidence in these public health ent…

The waning of maternal measles antibodies: A multi-country maternal-infant seroprevalence study Open

Karen S. Tiley, Hinke Ten Hulscher-van Overbeek, Sudha Basnet, Rob van Binnendijk, Ed Clarke , et al. · 2025

Reliance on maternal antibodies for protection until age 9 months or later leaves most infants with insufficient direct protection against measles infection between ages 6-9 months.

The impact of orthopoxvirus vaccination and Mpox infection on cross-protective immunity: a multicohort observational study Open

Jameson Crandell, Valter Silva Monteiro, Lauren Pischel, Zhenhao Fang, Luciana Conde , et al. · 2025

Yale University and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Institute for Global Infectious Disease.

COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in the initial phases of US vaccine roll-out: an observational study on reddit Open

Navin Kumar, Isabel Corpus, Meher Hans, Nikhil Harle, Nan Yang , et al. · 2025

Kindergarten Vaccination Status in California After Changes to Medical Exemption Policy Open

Paul L. Delamater, Alison M. Buttenheim, Daniel A. Salmon, Jason L. Schwartz, Saad B. Omer · 2025

This study evaluates changes in medical exemptions and geographic distribution of kindergarteners in California not up to date on vaccination after changes to state legislation.

Debunking COVID-19 vaccine misinformation with an audio drama in Ghana, a randomized control trial Open

Maike Winters, Sarah Christie, Hannah Melchinger, Iddi Iddrisu, Hassan Hosseinzadeh , et al. · 2025

Corrigendum to “Defining and reporting adverse events of special interest in comparative maternal vaccine studies: a systematic review”. [Vaccine X, 2024 Feb 23;18:100464] Open

Hannah G Davies, Emma Thorley, Rossul Al-Bahadili, Natalina Sutton, Jessica Burt , et al. · 2025

Social mixing patterns of United States healthcare personnel at a quaternary health center: a prospective observational study Open

Lauren Pischel, Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Noureen Ahmed, Melissa M. Campbell, Ryan Borg , et al. · 2025

Background: Understanding healthcare personnel’s (HCP) contact patterns are important to mitigate healthcare-associated infectious disease transmission. Little is known about how HCP contact patterns change over time or during outbreaks su…

P-1280. Vaccinating Your Child During an Emergency Is More Important Than Ever: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Message Framing Among Ukrainian Refugees in Poland Open

Dorota Kleszczewska, Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek, Maike Winters, Katarzyna Lewtak, Anastasiya Nurzhynska , et al. · 2025

Background Since February 2022, millions of Ukrainian women and children have fled their home country. Evidence suggests that vaccination coverage among Ukrainian refugee children is sub-optimal. We therefore tested the effect of three mes…

P-271. Contact Patterns of United States Health Care Workers at Quaternary Health Center: Stability of contacts during the post-pandemic era Open

Lauren Pischel, Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Noureen Ahmed, Melissa Campbell, Ryan Borg , et al. · 2025

Background We lack understanding of how health care workers’ (HCWs) contacts change over time or in response to pandemics. This study describes the social contact patterns of HCWs in a large United States health care system via standardize…

Incentives for COVID-19 vaccination Open

Noel T. Brewer, Alison M. Buttenheim, Chelsea Clinton, Michelle M. Mello, Regina M. Benjamin , et al. · 2025

Vaccine Verification in the COVID-19 World Open

Daniel A. Salmon, Jad A. Elharake, Noel T. Brewer, Richard M. Carpiano, Renée DiResta , et al. · 2025

Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021–2022 Open

Moses C. Kiti, Charfudin Sacoor, Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Alana Zelaya, Holin Chen , et al. · 2024

Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, an…

Moral foundations messaging to improve vaccine attitudes: An online randomized experiment from Argentina Open

Maike Winters, Sarah Christie, Hannah Melchinger, Nahuel Arias, Luciana Lirman , et al. · 2024

The uptake of routine childhood vaccinations has declined globally since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, due in part to increased vaccine hesitancy among parents. The Moral Foundations Theory proposes six foundations which can be targe…

“Vaccinating your child during an emergency is more important than ever”: a randomised controlled trial on message framing among Ukrainian refugees in Poland, 2023 Open

Maike Winters, Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek, Anastasiya Nurzhynska, Kseniia Yoruk, Katarzyna Kukuła , et al. · 2024

Background Since February 2022, the start of the full-scale war in Ukraine, millions of women and children have fled the country. Vaccination of refugee children is important to protect this vulnerable population from disease. Aim We inves…

Comprehensive profiling of social mixing patterns in resource poor countries: A mixed methods research protocol Open

Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Moses C. Kiti, Kristin Nelson, Carol Liu, Maria E. Sundaram , et al. · 2024

Background Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of communicable diseases. Social interaction data inform infectious disease models and disease prevention strategies. The variations in demographics and cont…

Vaccine effectiveness of 3rd generation mpox vaccines against mpox and disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis Open

Lauren Pischel, Brett A. Martini, Natalle Yu, David Cacesse, Mahder Tracy , et al. · 2024

Both 1 and 2 doses of MVA-BN are highly effective at preventing mpox. Effectiveness estimates, specifically of PEP are limited by immortal time bias, predominant mode of mpox transmission, and real-world vaccine timing of administration.

Human milk antibodies to global pathogens reveal geographic and interindividual variations in IgA and IgG Open

Joseph J. Campo, Antti Seppo, Arlo Randall, Jozelyn Pablo, Chris Hung , et al. · 2024

BACKGROUNDThe use of high-throughput technologies has enabled rapid advancement in the knowledge of host immune responses to pathogens. Our objective was to compare the repertoire, protection, and maternal factors associated with human mil…

Characterizing social contact patterns in rural and urban Mozambique: the GlobalMix study, 2021-2022 Open

Moses C. Kiti, Charfudin Sacoor, Obianuju Genevieve Aguolu, Alana Zelaya, Holin Chen , et al. · 2024

1. Abstract Introduction There are few sources of empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings thus limiting the development of contextual mathematical models of disease transmission and control. Methods We collected and analy…

The impact of antigenic distance on Orthopoxvirus Vaccination and Mpox Infection for cross-protective immunity Open

Carolina Lucas, Jameson Crandell, Valter Silva Monteiro, Lauren Pischel, Zhenhao Fang , et al. · 2024

Immunological memory mediates rapid protection following infection or vaccination including heterologous exposure. However, cross-reactive memory responses in humans remain poorly characterized. We explored the longevity and specificity of…

Defining and reporting adverse events of special interest in comparative maternal vaccine studies: a systematic review Open

Hannah G Davies, Emma Thorley, Rossul Al-Bahadili, Natalina Sutton, Jessica Burt , et al. · 2024

Low-income settings remain under-represented in comparative maternal vaccine safety research. There has been poor uptake of GAIA case definitions. A lack of harmonisation and standardisation persists limiting comparability of the generated…

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