Padmini Varadarajan
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View article: Contemporary Management of the Failing Fontan
Contemporary Management of the Failing Fontan Open
Adult patients with congenital heart disease have now surpassed the pediatric population due to advances in surgery and improved survival. One such complex congenital heart disease seen in adult patients is the Fontan circulation. These pa…
View article: Diastolic Heart Failure Mechanisms and Assessment Revisited
Diastolic Heart Failure Mechanisms and Assessment Revisited Open
The syndrome of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) makes up about half of the HF population. The HF mechanisms in these patients are varied and not fully understood. In addition, the term “diastolic HF” was switche…
View article: A case report of recurrent primary posterior mediastinal perivascular epithelioid cell tumour compressing the right inferior pulmonary vein, atria, and inferior vena cava
A case report of recurrent primary posterior mediastinal perivascular epithelioid cell tumour compressing the right inferior pulmonary vein, atria, and inferior vena cava Open
Background Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) are rare soft tissue neoplasms that commonly occur in the uterus, skin, and liver and less commonly in the retroperitoneum, colon, and mediastinum. Case summary A 36-year-old male …
View article: A case report of successful transaneurysmal repair of a giant isolated membranous ventricular septal aneurysm
A case report of successful transaneurysmal repair of a giant isolated membranous ventricular septal aneurysm Open
Background Isolated membranous ventricular septal aneurysms are infrequent in clinical practice. Furthermore, current guidelines do not dictate how to diagnose or manage such lesions. Case summary A 54-year-old male patient with a history …
View article: Gender Effects on Left Ventricular Responses and Survival in Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation: Results from a Cohort of 756 Patients with up to 22 Years of Follow-Up
Gender Effects on Left Ventricular Responses and Survival in Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation: Results from a Cohort of 756 Patients with up to 22 Years of Follow-Up Open
Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effect of gender on biology, therapeutic decisions, and survival in patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR). Background: Gender affects adaptive response to the presence of valvular heart diseas…
View article: Importance of concomitant functional mitral regurgitation on survival in severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement
Importance of concomitant functional mitral regurgitation on survival in severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement Open
Presence of greater than 2+ MR in patients with severe AS is independently associated with reduced survival in surgically managed patients, an effect incremental to reduced EF and larger LV size. We suggest that aortic valve intervention s…
View article: Population Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality in COVID-19 in the United States during the Pre-Vaccine Era: A Retrospective Cohort Study of National Inpatient Sample
Population Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality in COVID-19 in the United States during the Pre-Vaccine Era: A Retrospective Cohort Study of National Inpatient Sample Open
Background-Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were limited to specific geographical locations and small sample sizes. Therefore, we used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2020 database to determine the risk factors f…
View article: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon Open
Coronary no-reflow phenomenon is a lethal mechanism of ongoing myocardial injury following successful revascularization of an infarct-related coronary artery. Incidence of this phenomenon is high following percutaneous intervention and is …
View article: Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease—Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management
Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease—Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Open
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a complex clinical syndrome that is characterized by evidence of acute myocardial infarction in the absence of significant epicardial coronary artery disease on angiog…
View article: Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in Different Settings
Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in Different Settings Open
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent, complex, well-coordinated treatment. Although the primary goal of treatment is simple to describe—reperfusion as quickly as possible…
View article: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon Open
Coronary no-reflow phenomenon is a lethal mechanism of ongoing myocardial injury, following successful revascularization of an infarct-related coronary artery. Incidence of this phenomenon is high following percutaneous intervention, and i…
View article: Functional Assessment of Coronary Artery Lesions—Old and New Kids on the Block
Functional Assessment of Coronary Artery Lesions—Old and New Kids on the Block Open
Angiography is inaccurate in assessing functional significance of coronary lesions, and often stenoses deemed severe on angiographic assessment do not restrict coronary blood flow at rest or with maximal dilatation. Angiography-guided reva…
View article: Frequency of Hypertensive Response to Dobutamine Stress and Diminished Diagnostic Value in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Awaiting Renal Transplant
Frequency of Hypertensive Response to Dobutamine Stress and Diminished Diagnostic Value in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Awaiting Renal Transplant Open
Background: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) have a cardiovascular mortality about 15-30 times the general population and this is reduced by about 70% with renal transplant. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is commonly …
View article: Variability in Ejection Fraction Measured By Echocardiography, Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Variability in Ejection Fraction Measured By Echocardiography, Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Open
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023595.
View article: Sex Difference in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Surgical Revascularization
Sex Difference in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Surgical Revascularization Open
Background: Female sex is conventionally considered a risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and has been included as a poor prognostic factor in multiple cardiac operative risk evaluation scores. We aimed to investigate th…
View article: Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Open
This chapter provides cardiologists and cardiology/echocardiography trainees with self-assessment questions and answers regarding chronic coronary artery disease. Reviewing these helps them to successfully prepare for the ABIM Cardiology B…
View article: Regional left ventricular function does not predict survival in ischaemic cardiomyopathy after cardiac surgery
Regional left ventricular function does not predict survival in ischaemic cardiomyopathy after cardiac surgery Open
Objectives To define the prognostic contribution of global and regional left ventricular (LV) function measurements in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy randomised to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with (n=501) or without…
View article: Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Derived Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes for Precise Risk Stratification of Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Derived Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes for Precise Risk Stratification of Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Open
This study tests the hypothesis that cardiovascular magnetic resonance–derived left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes would provide improved risk stratification in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery for ischemic car…