Sam D. Blacker
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View article: Effects of Blackcurrant Extract During High-Intensity Intermittent Running: An Exploratory Study of Possible Muscle Fibre-Type Dependence
Effects of Blackcurrant Extract During High-Intensity Intermittent Running: An Exploratory Study of Possible Muscle Fibre-Type Dependence Open
Intake of anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract showed muscle fibre-type specific force responses during fatigue development from combined use of voluntary maximal isometric contractions and electrically evoked twitch contractions of the m…
View article: The physiological demands of a military dismounted assault task
The physiological demands of a military dismounted assault task Open
Fourteen men (mean ± SD: age 29 ± 9 years; body mass 79.9 ± 9.2 kg; V˙O2peak 51.9 ± 4.4 ml·kg-1·min-1; upright pull strength 177 ± 20 kg) performed a DAT (external load 24.3 kg) of 16 × 6 m bounds in 20 s c…
View article: Physiological and Cognitive Responses to Fast-Paced Load Carriage in the Cold
Physiological and Cognitive Responses to Fast-Paced Load Carriage in the Cold Open
Physically demanding occupations, including the military, blue light services, and search and rescue organisations are often required to conduct load carriage activity concurrently with cognitive tasks whilst in austere environments. This …
View article: Police Fitness: An International Perspective on Current and Future Challenges
Police Fitness: An International Perspective on Current and Future Challenges Open
Poor officer fitness can lead to decreased occupational task performance, injuries, increased absenteeism, and a variety of negative health sequalae further adding to the challenges of staffing law enforcement agencies. Optimizing the phys…
View article: A job task analysis of the physical demands of manually preparing a 4-person battle trench as a military defensive position
A job task analysis of the physical demands of manually preparing a 4-person battle trench as a military defensive position Open
Digging a defensive position was identified by military experts as a critical job-task, with variability in metabolic cost dependent on work rate. Data may inform selection, training, and technology interventions to improve task performanc…
View article: Neural indicators of sleep loss and sleep propensity in male military trainees: Insights from dry‐electrode <scp>EEG</scp>—An exploratory study
Neural indicators of sleep loss and sleep propensity in male military trainees: Insights from dry‐electrode <span>EEG</span>—An exploratory study Open
This study examined the impact of reduced sleep on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during cognitive tasks in Military Clearance Diver trainees using a novel dry‐electrode EEG system. Seven male participants underwent two 5‐day periods:…
View article: Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Supplementation as a Nutraceutical Ergogenic Aid for Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Narrative Review
Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Supplementation as a Nutraceutical Ergogenic Aid for Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Narrative Review Open
View article: Individual Responses to Repeated Dosing with Anthocyanin-Rich New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract During High-Intensity Intermittent Treadmill Running in Active Males
Individual Responses to Repeated Dosing with Anthocyanin-Rich New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract During High-Intensity Intermittent Treadmill Running in Active Males Open
Intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract for 7 days has been shown to improve high-intensity intermittent running (HIIR) performance. Objectives: We examined the repeat response of NZBC extract on HIIR performance. Methods: Sixtee…
View article: A comparison of role‐related physical fitness between British Army trainees and trained soldiers
A comparison of role‐related physical fitness between British Army trainees and trained soldiers Open
British Army basic training (BT) and initial trade training (ITT) enable personnel to develop role‐related physical capability to perform in‐service job‐roles. The study aimed to compare physical performance of trainees (completing ITT) an…
View article: External workload and cognitive performance of a tactical military scenario-based field exercise
External workload and cognitive performance of a tactical military scenario-based field exercise Open
Introduction Military personnel must manage a multitude of competing physiological and cognitive stressors while maintaining high levels of performance. Quantifying the external workload and cognitive demands of tactical military field exe…
View article: Metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and perceptual responses to repeated military‐specific load carriage treadmill simulations
Metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and perceptual responses to repeated military‐specific load carriage treadmill simulations Open
Bouts of military load carriage are rarely completed in isolation; however, limited research has investigated the physiological responses to repeated load carriage tasks. Twelve civilian men (age, 28 ± 8 years; stature, 185.6 ± 5.8 cm; bod…
View article: Physiological and cognitive responses to load carriage in the cold
Physiological and cognitive responses to load carriage in the cold Open
Load carriage is a vital role related task for military, emergency service, and search and rescue personnel, through the transport of critical equipment. From an external validity perspective, a common oversight in previous research is the…
View article: Beyond change scores: Employing an improved statistical approach to analyze the impact of entry fitness on physical performance during British Army basic training in men and women
Beyond change scores: Employing an improved statistical approach to analyze the impact of entry fitness on physical performance during British Army basic training in men and women Open
The aim was to use a robust statistical approach to examine whether physical fitness at entry influences performance changes between men and women undertaking British Army basic training (BT). Performance of 2 km run, seated medicine ball …
View article: The Fourth International Physical Employment Standards Conference: Perspectives, Themes and Future Directions
The Fourth International Physical Employment Standards Conference: Perspectives, Themes and Future Directions Open
View article: No effect of a commercial carbohydrate‐menthol drink on thermal perceptual measures or 15‐min time trial performance compared to commercial carbohydrate drink in hot humid conditions
No effect of a commercial carbohydrate‐menthol drink on thermal perceptual measures or 15‐min time trial performance compared to commercial carbohydrate drink in hot humid conditions Open
This study assessed the effect of a commercial carbohydrate menthol drink on cycling time trial (TT) performance in hot and humid conditions compared with a carbohydrate only drink. Ten participants (5 women; V̇O 2max : 52.3 ± 8.6 mL kg −1 …
View article: Food for Thought: Dietary Nootropics for the Optimisation of Military Operators Cognitive Performance
Food for Thought: Dietary Nootropics for the Optimisation of Military Operators Cognitive Performance Open
Nootropics are compounds that enhance cognitive performance, which were first researched during World War II, and have recently been highlighted as a medium-term human augmentation technology that could support soldier performance. Given t…
View article: Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulations
Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulations Open
Objectives: Bouts of military load carriage are rarely completed in isolation; however limited research has investigated the physiological responses to repeated load carriage tasks. Design: Twelve civilian men, (age, 28 ± 8 y; stature, 185…
View article: Cognitive, Psychophysiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulation
Cognitive, Psychophysiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulation Open
Background Dismounted military operations require soldiers to complete cognitive tasks whilst undertaking demanding and repeated physical taskings. Objective To assess the effects of repeated fast load carriage bouts on cognitive performan…
View article: The effect of sex and protein supplementation on bone metabolism during a 36-h military field exercise in energy deficit
The effect of sex and protein supplementation on bone metabolism during a 36-h military field exercise in energy deficit Open
Energy deficits are common in arduous military training and can cause disturbances to bone metabolism. This study provides first evidence that short periods of severe energy deficit and arduous exercise—in the form of a 36-h military field…
View article: Acute Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cycling Time-Trial Are Performance Dependent in Endurance-Trained Cyclists: A Home-Based Study
Acute Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cycling Time-Trial Are Performance Dependent in Endurance-Trained Cyclists: A Home-Based Study Open
The intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract (300 mg per day) over a week enhanced 16.1 km cycling time trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained cyclists without acute performance effects. In the present study,…
View article: A comparison of physical performance during one- and two-person simulated casualty drags
A comparison of physical performance during one- and two-person simulated casualty drags Open
View article: Association between external training loads and injury incidence during 44 weeks of military training
Association between external training loads and injury incidence during 44 weeks of military training Open
Military training is physically arduous and associated with high injury incidence. Unlike in high‐performance sport, the interaction between training load and injury has not been extensively researched in military personnel. Sixty‐three (4…
View article: Cognitive, Psychophysiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulation
Cognitive, Psychophysiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulation Open
Background: Dismounted military operations require soldiers to simultaneously complete cognitive tasks whilst undertaking demanding and repeated physical taskings.Objective: To assess the effects of repeated fast load carriage bouts on cog…
View article: The effect of sex, menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on intestinal permeability and ex-vivo monocyte TNFα release following treatment with lipopolysaccharide and hyperthermia
The effect of sex, menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on intestinal permeability and ex-vivo monocyte TNFα release following treatment with lipopolysaccharide and hyperthermia Open
View article: Anthocyanin-Rich Supplementation: Emerging Evidence of Strong Potential for Sport and Exercise Nutrition
Anthocyanin-Rich Supplementation: Emerging Evidence of Strong Potential for Sport and Exercise Nutrition Open
Dark-colored fruits, especially berries, have abundant presence of the polyphenol anthocyanin which have been show to provide health benefits. Studies with the berry blackcurrant have provided notable observations with application for athl…
View article: The development, and day-to-day variation, of a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task and Shoot-/Don’t -Shoot Task
The development, and day-to-day variation, of a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task and Shoot-/Don’t -Shoot Task Open
During military operations, soldiers are required to successfully complete numerous physical and cognitive tasks concurrently. Understanding the typical variance in research tools that may be used to provide insight into the interrelations…
View article: Physiological and subjective responses to a novel military specific load carriage treadmill protocol
Physiological and subjective responses to a novel military specific load carriage treadmill protocol Open
Purpose: Treadmill-based load carriage protocols typically use a single fixed speed; however, these are not representative of occupational load carriage tasks. This study aimed to quantify the metabolic, cardiovascular, thermal, neuromuscu…
View article: Plasma uptake of selected phenolic acids following New Zealand blackcurrant extract supplementation in humans
Plasma uptake of selected phenolic acids following New Zealand blackcurrant extract supplementation in humans Open
New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract is a rich source of anthocyanins and in order to exert physiological effects, the anthocyanin-derived metabolites need to be bioavailable in vivo. We examined the plasma uptake of selected phe…
View article: Soldier Load Carriage, Injuries, Rehabilitation and Physical Conditioning: An International Approach
Soldier Load Carriage, Injuries, Rehabilitation and Physical Conditioning: An International Approach Open
Soldiers are often required to carry heavy loads that can exceed 45 kg. The physiological costs and biomechanical responses to these loads, whilst varying with the contexts in which they are carried, have led to soldier injuries. These inj…
View article: Musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel—Descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention
Musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel—Descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention Open
Despite many years of research, MSIs continue to have a high incidence among military personnel. Areas for future research include quantifying exposure when determining MSI risk; understanding associations between health-related components…