Samuel Beal
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View article: Grass is a tattletale: using grass as a biomonitoring tool for remote sensing of coal combustion residue contamination
Grass is a tattletale: using grass as a biomonitoring tool for remote sensing of coal combustion residue contamination Open
Coal-fired power plants generate coal combustion residuals (CCRs), which are typically disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments that must be monitored to ensure that hazardous constituents such as arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) do…
View article: Effect of gypsum on transport of IMX-104 constituents in overland flow under simulated rainfall
Effect of gypsum on transport of IMX-104 constituents in overland flow under simulated rainfall Open
Residue of energetic formulations, deposited on military training grounds following incomplete detonation, poses biotic hazards. This residue can be transported off-site, adsorb to soil clays and organic matter, transform or degrade, or ta…
View article: Detachment and transport of composition B detonation particles in rills
Detachment and transport of composition B detonation particles in rills Open
The partial detonation of munitions used in military exercises leaves behind energetic particles on the surface of soil. Energetic particles deposited by incomplete detonations can then dissolve and be transported by overland flow and pote…
View article: Long-Term Biomonitoring of Selenium and Arsenic Using Three Grass Species
Long-Term Biomonitoring of Selenium and Arsenic Using Three Grass Species Open
Coal-fired power plants produce a waste stream of coal combustion residuals (CCRs) which are typically disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments that must be monitored to ensure that hazardous constituents such as arsenic (As) and …
View article: The effects of physical form, moisture, humic acids, and mixtures on the photolysis of insensitive munitions compounds
The effects of physical form, moisture, humic acids, and mixtures on the photolysis of insensitive munitions compounds Open
The explosive formulations IMX-101 and IMX-104 are replacing conventional explosives in munitions, making them safer to transport and handle. However, munitions manufacturing and military training can lead to the environmental release of c…
View article: Effect of gypsum on transport of IMX‐104 constituents in overland flow under simulated rainfall
Effect of gypsum on transport of IMX‐104 constituents in overland flow under simulated rainfall Open
Residue of energetic formulations, which is deposited on military training grounds following incomplete detonation, poses biotic hazards. This residue can be transported off‐site, adsorb to soil clays and organic matter, transform or degra…
View article: Detachment and transport of composition B detonation particles in rills
Detachment and transport of composition B detonation particles in rills Open
The partial detonation of munitions used in military exercises leaves behind energetic particles on the surface of soil. Energetic particles deposited by incomplete detonations can then dissolve and be transported by overland flow and pote…
View article: A-271 Expansion of sample viability for self-collected urine specimens containing CT/NG & TV/MG utilizing the Roche cobas® 6800 System
A-271 Expansion of sample viability for self-collected urine specimens containing CT/NG & TV/MG utilizing the Roche cobas® 6800 System Open
Background The CDC estimates that 1 in 5 Americans have an STI. Home collection for STIs could help mitigate the stigma, cost, and accessibility, which contribute to low diagnosis rates and disparities in diagnosis and treatment. Home self…
View article: Experimental and Computational Study of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter Facilitated Hydrolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)
Experimental and Computational Study of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter Facilitated Hydrolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) Open
This study investigated the reaction pathway of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) on the pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM) to assess the scope and mechanism of PCM-facilitated surface hydrolysis. DNAN degradation was observed at pH 11.5 and 25 °…
View article: Comparison of the quantitation of heavy metals in soil using handheld LIBS, XRFS, and ICP-OES
Comparison of the quantitation of heavy metals in soil using handheld LIBS, XRFS, and ICP-OES Open
Handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique that shows the potential to replace X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS) in the field characterization of soils containing heavy metals. This study …
View article: Live-fire validation of command-detonation residues testing using an 81 mm IMX-104 munition
Live-fire validation of command-detonation residues testing using an 81 mm IMX-104 munition Open
Postdetonation energetic residues can have environmental impacts that present a risk to military training-range sustainment. As munitions with new explosive formulations are developed and fielded, quantitative methods for assessing their r…
View article: Transport of insensitive munitions constituents, NTO, DNAN, RDX, and HMX in runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall
Transport of insensitive munitions constituents, NTO, DNAN, RDX, and HMX in runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall Open
Insensitive munition constituents derived from residues of low order detonations and deposited on military training grounds present environmental risks. A series of rainfall simulation experiments on small soil plots examined the effect of…
View article: A laboratory rill study of IMX-104 transport in overland flow
A laboratory rill study of IMX-104 transport in overland flow Open
The deposition of explosive contaminants in particulate form onto the soil surface during low-order detonations can lead to ground and surface water contamination. The vertical fate and transport of insensitive munitions formulation IMX-10…
View article: Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from Composition B mortar rounds
Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from Composition B mortar rounds Open
Empirical measurements of the spatial distribution, particle-size distribution, mass, morphology, and energetic composition of particles from low-order (LO) detonations are critical to accurately characterizing environ-mental impacts on mi…
View article: A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS
A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS Open
Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier trans…
View article: Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from IMX-104 mortar rounds
Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from IMX-104 mortar rounds Open
The environmental fate and transport of energetic compounds on military training ranges are largely controlled by the particle characteristics of low-order detonations. This study demonstrated a method of command detonation, field sampling…
View article: Photo-transformation of aqueous nitroguanidine and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one : emerging munitions compounds
Photo-transformation of aqueous nitroguanidine and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one : emerging munitions compounds Open
Two major components of insensitive munition formulations, nitroguanidine (NQ) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), are highly water soluble and therefore likely to photo-transform while in solution in the environment. The ecotoxicities …
View article: Methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil/sediment, and tissue matrices
Methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil/sediment, and tissue matrices Open
Currently, no standard method exists for analyzing insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices, with or without concurrent legacy munition compounds, resulting in potentially inaccurate determinations. The primary objecti…
View article: Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices
Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices Open
No standard method exists for determining levels of insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices. This project resulted in new methods of extraction, analytical separation and quantitation of 17 legacy and 7 IM compounds, …
View article: Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues
Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues Open
Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamin…
View article: Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for environmental, chemical, and biological sensing
Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for environmental, chemical, and biological sensing Open
The Army is interested in sensors capable of characterizing/monitoring the environment (battlefield or military training ranges) at proximal distances. Recently, we evaluated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems (hand-held, …
View article: Detection Limits of Trinitrotoluene and Ammonium Nitrate in Soil by Raman Spectroscopy
Detection Limits of Trinitrotoluene and Ammonium Nitrate in Soil by Raman Spectroscopy Open
The detection limit of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and ammonium nitrate (AN) in mixtures of Ottawa sand (OS) was studied using a Raman microscope applying conventional calibration curves, Pearson correlation coefficients, and two-sample t-…
View article: The effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a quantitative tool for environmental characterization
The effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a quantitative tool for environmental characterization Open
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid, low-cost analytical method with potential applications for quantitative analysis of soils for heavy metal contaminants found in military ranges. The Department of Defense (DoD), Army,…
View article: Environmental analysis of aqueous 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) by ion chromatography with conductivity detection
Environmental analysis of aqueous 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) by ion chromatography with conductivity detection Open
The newly fielded insensitive high-explosive compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is mobile in the environment due to its high water solubility and low affinity for soils.The weak acidity of NTO (pKa 3.67) presents a challenge to env…
View article: Fenton’s Reagent treatability study for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, McMurdo Station, Antarctica
Fenton’s Reagent treatability study for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, McMurdo Station, Antarctica Open
Hydrocarbon-contaminated soil is distributed heterogeneously at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, which has served for over 60 years as the logistics hub for the U.S. Antarctic Program.Here we investigated the treatability of McMurdo Station's …