Explanipedia

Processes Associated with the Development of Depression in Autistic Individuals: A Narrative Review Open

Samuel P. Putnam · 2025

Autistic individuals are disproportionately likely to experience mental health challenges during their lifetime, with depressive disorders being particularly common. High rates of depression among autistic individuals are a particular matt…

The course of women’s emotions from early pregnancy to the postpartum period Open

L Takács, Samuel P. Putnam, Catherine Monk, Šárka Kaňková, J. Ullmann , et al. · 2025

Low-risk pregnancy and the early postpartum period are associated with emotional changes which differ depending on parity. Health care providers should inform pregnant women about those common changes to help them develop realistic expecta…

The Global Temperament Project: Parent-reported temperament in infants, toddlers, and children from 59 nations. Open

Samuel P. Putnam, Ela Sehic, Brian F. French, Maria A. Gartstein, Benjamín Lira Luttges · 2024

Data from 83,423 parent reports of temperament (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulatory capacity) in infants, toddlers, and children from 341 samples gathered in 59 countries were used to investigate the relations among culture, gen…

A short executive functioning questionnaire in the context of early childhood screening: psychometric properties Open

Alyssa R. Palmer, Amanda W. Kalstabakken, Rebecca Distefano, Stephanie M. Carlson, Samuel P. Putnam , et al. · 2024

Early childhood executive functioning (EF) predicts later adjustment and academic achievement. However, measuring EF consistently and efficiently across settings in early childhood can be challenging. Most researchers use task-based measur…

Temperament and behaviour problems in children: A multilevel analysis of <span>cross‐cultural</span> differences Open

Allegra X. Campagna, Eric D. Desmarais, Brian F. French, Joshua J. Underwood, Mirjana Majdandžić , et al. · 2023

Early temperament attributes have been linked to emerging behaviour problems and significant long‐term consequences; however, these relations are rarely examined cross‐culturally. The present study addresses this gap, employing multilevel …

Editorial: Integrative perspectives on the person-context interplay through the lens of temperament Open

Hedwig Teglasi, Samuel P. Putnam, Mirjana Majdandžić · 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Psychol., 03 March 2023Sec. Personality and Social Psychology Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156267

Relations between bedtime parenting behaviors and temperament across 14 cultures Open

Christie Pham, Éric Desmarais, Victoria Jones, Brian F. French, Zhengyan Wang , et al. · 2022

Objectives The present study examined parental sleep-supporting practices during toddlerhood in relation to temperament across 14 cultures. We hypothesized that passive sleep-supporting techniques (e.g., talking, cuddling), but not active …

The correlation of specific temperament domains with the incidence of pediatric emergence delirium Open

Nicole C. McCoy, Samuel P. Putnam, Jennifer A. Poon, Bethany J. Wolf, Andrew B. Barker · 2022

The authors have no competing interests and have not received financial support for this work. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQR-VSF): A Study among Vietnamese Children Open

Mizuki Takegata, Yukiko Ohashi, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Michiko Toizumi, Hiroyuki Moriuchi , et al. · 2022

The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) assesses the temperament of infants in Western and non-Western countries. Although its factor analyses revealed three factors—surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control—in the We…

Cross-Cultural Differences in Temperament Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China: A Longitudinal Comparison Open

Victoria Jones, Zhengyan Wang, Shangqing Yuan, Christie Pham, Samuel P. Putnam , et al. · 2021

Aims: The present study assessed cross-cultural differences in temperament and temperament stability between children from the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Goals of the study include examining differences in…

Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium Open

Éric Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoğlu, İbrahim H. Acar, Carmen González-Salinas , et al. · 2021

Raw data from the Italian sample. This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations.

The structure of child temperament as measured by the Polish versions of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire: insight from the network psychometrics approach Open

Anna Lipska, Radosław Rogoza, Ewelina Dębska, Klaudia Ponikiewska, Samuel P. Putnam , et al. · 2021

Introduction The model proposed by Rothbart is one of the most frequently used models to describe children’s temperament. However, the structure of temperamental traits in children is not unambiguous. We examine this structure in children …

Parity moderates the effect of delivery mode on maternal ratings of infant temperament Open

L Takács, Samuel P. Putnam, František Bartoš, P Čepický, Catherine Monk · 2021

Objective Cesarean section (CS) rates are rising rapidly around the world but no conclusive evidence has been obtained about the possible short- and long-term effects of CS on child behavior. We evaluated prospectively the association betw…

Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium Open

Éric Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoğlu, İbrahim H. Acar, Carmen González-Salinas , et al. · 2021

This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on…

Links between television exposure and toddler dysregulation: Does culture matter? Open

Éric Desmarais, Kara D. Brown, Kaitlyn Campbel, Brian F. French, Samuel P. Putnam , et al. · 2021

Raw data of Italian sample. The present study addressed television exposure (i.e., amount of time watching TV) and its associations with toddler behavioral/emotional dysregulation, examining potential differences across 14 cultures.

Links between television exposure and toddler dysregulation: Does culture matter? Open

Éric Desmarais, Kara L. Brown, Kaitlyn Campbell, Brian F. French, Samuel P. Putnam , et al. · 2021

Social support buffers the effects of maternal prenatal stress on infants' unpredictability Open

L Takács, Jiří Štipl, Maria A. Gartstein, Samuel P. Putnam, Catherine Monk · 2021

Prenatal stress was found to be a risk factor for infant temperamental unpredictability when combined with low social support perceived by the mother during pregnancy. Support of others, not previously examined in this context, can reduce …

Using the Very Short Form of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire for Spanish-Speaking Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Psychometric Analysis of Dichotomized Variables Open

Elsa Lucia Escalante‐Barrios, Sonia Mariel Suarez-Enciso, Samuel P. Putnam, Helen H. Raikes, Sergi Fàbregues · 2021

While the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Very Short Form of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ-VSF) have been assessed in the US and Europe in samples composed of middle- and high-income parents with high lev…

Associations Between Mode of Birth and Neuropsychological Development in Children Aged 4 Years: Results from a Birth Cohort Study Open

L Takács, Samuel P. Putnam, Catherine Monk, Hannah Dahlen, Charlene Thornton , et al. · 2020

The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine the association between Cesarean section (CS) and child development and behavior. The sample consisted of 256 children who were born at term without serious perinatal pathologie…

Using item response theory to evaluate the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire: Considerations of general functioning and assessment length. Open

David A. Clark, M. Brent Donnellan, C. Emily Durbin, Rebecca J. Brooker, Tricia K. Neppl , et al. · 2020

Although the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001) is the most popular assessment for childhood temperament, its psychometric qualities have yet to be examined using Item Response Theory (IRT) me…

Assessing longitudinal pathways between maternal depressive symptoms, parenting self-esteem and infant temperament Open

L Takács, Filip Šmolík, Samuel P. Putnam · 2019

Mothers' confidence in their ability to parent is influenced by their experience with a difficult infant and by their depressive symptoms during the child's first year of life. Depressive symptoms are, in turn, aggravated by mothers' low p…

Bringing it all Together Open

Maria A. Gartstein, Samuel P. Putnam, Mirjana Majdandžić, Soile Tuovinen, Éric Desmarais · 2018

Analyses in this chapter were aimed at identifying potential mediators classically defined as intermediaries that convey effects of other independent variables on outcomes. For mediation to be considered, all variables involved had to demo…

Cross-Cultural Differences in Discipline Open

Samuel P. Putnam, Oana Benga, Rosario Montirosso, Mirjana Majdandžić, Sara Casalin · 2018

Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC) cultures differed strongly in use of discipline techniques. Hitting/spanking was used most in Brazil and least in Finland. Shouting was used most by high Long-Term Orientation cultures. T…

Methodology of the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC) Open

Samuel P. Putnam, Maria A. Gartstein, Sara Casalin, Carmen González-Salinas, Blanca Huitrón , et al. · 2018

Researchers in 14 countries recruited families of toddlers between the ages of roughly 18 and 36 months. These samples ranged from 48 to 119 participants, for a total N of 853. Primary caregivers completed the Early Childhood Behavior Ques…

Cross-Cultural Differences in Behavior Problems Open

Samuel P. Putnam, Sara Casalin, Blanca Huitrón, Mirjana Majdandžić, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares · 2018

Cross-cultural comparisons of parent-reported behavior problems in toddlers revealed substantial effects of culture. Internalizing and total problems were highest in Collectivist and high Power Distance countries, such as China, Brazil, an…

Perception is key? Does perceptual sensitivity and parenting behavior predict children’s reactivity to others’ emotions? Open

Joyce Weeland, Alithe L. van den Akker, Meike Slagt, Samuel P. Putnam · 2017

East–west, collectivist-individualist: A cross-cultural examination of temperament in toddlers from Chile, Poland, South Korea, and the U.S. Open

Ariye M. Krassner, Maria A. Gartstein, Curie Park, Wojciech Ł. Dragan, Felipe Lecannelier , et al. · 2016

The present study examined toddler temperament across Chilean, South Korean, Polish, and US samples, providing an opportunity to examine both collectivist-individualist and East-West contrasts. The effect of culture on the three factor and…

Do Infant Temperament Characteristics Predict Core Academic Abilities in Preschool-Aged Children? Open

Maria A. Gartstein, Samuel P. Putnam, Rachel Kliewer · 2016

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