S. Werner
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View article: Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating
Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating Open
This paper presents the findings and conclusions from an inventory of network configurations implemented in several early projects concerning low-temperature district heating systems implemented in both existing and new networks. The main …
View article: The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect
The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect Open
Research into new advanced district heating concepts has increased since the first four generations of district heating were defined in 2014. This definition created a common framework for research and industry alike, and pointed to potent…
View article: Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector
Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector Open
This paper provides a coherent review of district heating in Denmark, exploring past, present and future perspectives. Danish district heating is known as unique internationally in terms of heat planning strategies, technical solutions and…
View article: Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating
Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating Open
Fourth-generation district heating (4GDH) has been used as a label or expression since 2008 to describe a transition path for decarbonization of the district heating sector and was defined in more detail in 2014. During recent years, sever…
View article: Vocabulary for the fourth generation of district heating and cooling
Vocabulary for the fourth generation of district heating and cooling Open
The fourth generation of district heating is an established expression for new features and configurations. This generation’s overarching goal is to develop heating concepts for smart energy systems contributing to the net-zero carbon emis…
View article: Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating
Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating Open
The main impetus for lower distribution temperatures in district heating systems is the lower heat supply costs obtained by these lower temperatures. In this paper, the differences in heat supply costs for two different temperature levels …
View article: A data-driven approach for discovering heat load patterns in district heating
A data-driven approach for discovering heat load patterns in district heating Open
Understanding the heat usage of customers is crucial for effective district\nheating operations and management. Unfortunately, existing knowledge about\ncustomers and their heat load behaviors is quite scarce. Most previous studies\nare li…
View article: Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs
Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs Open
This analysis elaborates further the concept of physical and economic suitability for district heating in EU28 by an aggregation regarding key dimensions such as land areas, populations, heat demands, and investment volumes. This aggregati…
View article: Pipe Sizing for Novel Heat Distribution Technology
Pipe Sizing for Novel Heat Distribution Technology Open
This paper assesses pipe sizing aspects for previously proposed, novel, low heat distribution technology with three pipes. Assessment issues include heat loss, pressure loss, and pipe sizing for different typical pipe configurations. This …
View article: Novel low temperature heat distribution technology
Novel low temperature heat distribution technology Open
Lower future heat demands and lower availability of non-fossil high temperature heat supply are expected future market conditions that restrain the long-term viability of contemporary district heating systems. Hence, current district heati…
View article: Efficient heat distribution in solar district heating systems
Efficient heat distribution in solar district heating systems Open
This paper contains a short analysis showing the main benefit for solar district heating when a novel heat distribution concept with low temperatures is applied. The analysis is performed by comparing the annual solar heat output from a so…
View article: Essential improvements in future district heating systems
Essential improvements in future district heating systems Open
The major common denominator for future efficient fourth generation district heating systems is lower temperature levels in the distribution networks. Higher efficiencies are then obtained in both heat supply and heat distribution. Heat su…
View article: Mapping energy and exergy flows of district heating in Sweden
Mapping energy and exergy flows of district heating in Sweden Open
District heating has been available in Sweden since the 1950s and used more than half of the total energy use in dwelling and no-residential premises in 2013. Energy and exergy efficient conversion and energy resources are key factors to r…
View article: Large heat pumps in Swedish district heating systems
Large heat pumps in Swedish district heating systems Open
Power-to-heat solutions like heat pumps and electric boilers are foreseen to be possible future tools to stabilise international power markets with high proportions of variable power supply. Temporary low cost electricity can be used for h…
View article: Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems
Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems Open
The Heat Roadmap Europe (HRE) studies estimated a potential increase of the district heating (DH) share to 50% of the entire heat demand by 2050, with approximately 25–30% of it being supplied using large-scale electric heat pumps. This st…
View article: International review of district heating and cooling
International review of district heating and cooling Open
The purpose with this review is to provide a presentation of the background for the current position for district heating and cooling in the world, with some deeper insights into European conditions. The review structure considers the mark…
View article: District heating and cooling in Sweden
District heating and cooling in Sweden Open
The purpose with this review is to provide a presentation of the background and current position for district heating and cooling in Sweden. The review structure considers the market, technical, supply, environmental, institutional, and fu…
View article: Transformation Roadmap from High to Low Temperature District Heating Systems
Transformation Roadmap from High to Low Temperature District Heating Systems Open
The condensed Transformation Roadmap can be expressed as: 1. Eliminate temperature errors in existing distribution networks and substations in order to make existing systems more efficient. This will reduce existing temperature levels. 2. …
View article: Risk of industrial heat recovery in district heating systems
Risk of industrial heat recovery in district heating systems Open
Industrial heat recovery can be used in district heating systems. It is a possibility to make use of heat that is otherwise lost. Increased usage of industrial heat recovery reduces the need for fuel combustion lowering green-house gas (GH…