Sarah A. Grainger
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View article: Now you see it, now you don’t: The age-related positivity effect to faces disappears in naturalistic settings.
Now you see it, now you don’t: The age-related positivity effect to faces disappears in naturalistic settings. Open
There is an age-related positivity effect in attention to emotional faces. However, all of these studies have relied on computer tasks where people are directed to look at faces on a screen. The primary aim of this study was to test whethe…
View article: Associations between volumes of grey matter regions and white matter hyperintensities with cognitive empathy in oldest-old adults
Associations between volumes of grey matter regions and white matter hyperintensities with cognitive empathy in oldest-old adults Open
OBJECTIVES To study the differential associations of regional volumes of grey matter (GM) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with behavioural and informant-reported measures of cognitive empathy (CE), especially in brain regions under…
View article: Age-related differences in neural integrity are unrelated to prospective memory age effects
Age-related differences in neural integrity are unrelated to prospective memory age effects Open
Prospective memory refers to memory for future intentions. In general, prospective memory appears to decline with age when tested in laboratory settings but is preserved or enhanced when tasks need to be completed in daily life. No study t…
View article: Attention to direct gaze in young and older adulthood
Attention to direct gaze in young and older adulthood Open
Attention to others' direct gaze supports many social-cognitive processes (e.g., emotion recognition, joint attention) that are known to decline with age, but it remains to be established whether attention to direct gaze itself is associat…
View article: Increased arterial stiffness is associated with poorer social cognition in older age
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with poorer social cognition in older age Open
It is now well established that vascular aging is a significant predictor of cognitive decline in older age. But what remains less clear is the role that vascular health plays in social cognitive aging. Therefore, we aimed to provide the f…
View article: How social frailty is operationalized matters: Relationships with health and wellbeing in late adulthood
How social frailty is operationalized matters: Relationships with health and wellbeing in late adulthood Open
The present study provides novel insights into how operationalizations of social frailty vary in terms of their relationship with important indicators of real-life function. The findings have direct implications for the development of targ…
View article: Influence of ageing, cognitive factors, and task modality on social cognitive performance in nondemented older adults
Influence of ageing, cognitive factors, and task modality on social cognitive performance in nondemented older adults Open
Background Social cognition is crucial to optimal social functioning outcomes in older adults, with implications for overall health and wellbeing. Moreover, poor social cognition is a diagnostic criterion for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs…
View article: Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Do Not Predict Social Cognitive Capacity in Older Age
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Do Not Predict Social Cognitive Capacity in Older Age Open
Objectives Social cognitive function often declines in older age but the mechanisms underlying these declines are not completely clear. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength are positively associated with broader cognitive …
View article: Measurement type moderates the relationship between sleep and aggression: A meta-analytic investigation
Measurement type moderates the relationship between sleep and aggression: A meta-analytic investigation Open
A recent meta-analysis showed that poor sleep is both associated with and can directly cause increased aggression. However, no assessment was made of whether objective indicators of sleep and subjective perceptions of sleep contributed equ…
View article: Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between social frailty and stress, anxiety, and depression
Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between social frailty and stress, anxiety, and depression Open
View article: Enhancing Ecological Validity of Gaze-Cueing Stimuli is Associated with Increased Gaze Following for Older but not Younger Adults
Enhancing Ecological Validity of Gaze-Cueing Stimuli is Associated with Increased Gaze Following for Older but not Younger Adults Open
Gaze following is a core social-cognitive capacity. Previous work has shown that older adults have reduced gaze following relative to younger adults. However, all previous studies have exclusively used stimuli with low ecological validity,…
View article: Subjective and objective sleep quality does not predict behavioural episodic foresight in younger or older adults
Subjective and objective sleep quality does not predict behavioural episodic foresight in younger or older adults Open
Episodic foresight refers to one’s capacity to use imagined scenarios to guide future-directed behaviors. It is important in facilitating complex activities of daily living, such as managing finances. Broader literature shows that older ad…
View article: Emotion regulation mediates the effects of sleep on stress and aggression
Emotion regulation mediates the effects of sleep on stress and aggression Open
Summary It is well established that poor sleep directly increases stress and aggression, but potential mediators of this relationship remain poorly understood. The present study provided the first direct test of whether capacity for emotio…
View article: P034 Measurement Type Moderates the Relationship between Sleep and Aggression: A Meta-Analytic Investigation
P034 Measurement Type Moderates the Relationship between Sleep and Aggression: A Meta-Analytic Investigation Open
Introduction A recent meta-analysis showed that poor sleep is both associated with and can directly cause increased aggression. However, no assessment was made of whether objective indicators of sleep and subjective perceptions of sleep co…
View article: Social Frailty in Late Adulthood: Social Cognitive and Psychological Well-Being Correlates
Social Frailty in Late Adulthood: Social Cognitive and Psychological Well-Being Correlates Open
Objectives Social frailty poses a major threat to successful aging, but its social cognitive and psychological well-being correlates remain poorly understood. This cross-sectional study provides initial insights into whether social cogniti…
View article: Aging Is Associated With Multidirectional Changes in Social Cognition: Findings From an Adult Life-Span Sample Ranging From 18 to 101 Years
Aging Is Associated With Multidirectional Changes in Social Cognition: Findings From an Adult Life-Span Sample Ranging From 18 to 101 Years Open
Objectives Normal adult aging is associated with changes in social cognition. Although 4 social cognitive domains have been identified (social perception, theory of mind [ToM], affective empathy, and social behavior), no study has tested a…
View article: Determinants of Social Cognitive Aging: Predicting Resilience and Risk
Determinants of Social Cognitive Aging: Predicting Resilience and Risk Open
This review focuses on conceptual and empirical research on determinants of social cognitive aging. We present an integrated model [the social cognitive resource (SCoRe) framework] to organize the literature and describe how social cogniti…
View article: How Does Aging Affect Social Attention? A Test of Competing Theories Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis
How Does Aging Affect Social Attention? A Test of Competing Theories Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis Open
Objectives The present study provides a meta-analytic assessment of how gaze-cued attention—a core social-cognitive process—is influenced by normal adult aging. Methods A multilevel meta-analysis of standardized mean changes was conducted …
View article: Visual Attentional Orienting by Eye Gaze: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Gaze-Cueing Effect
Visual Attentional Orienting by Eye Gaze: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Gaze-Cueing Effect Open
Given limitations in the amount of visual information that a person can simultaneously process through to conscious perception, selective visual attention is necessary. Visual signals in the environment aid this selection process by trigge…
View article: Visual attentional orienting by eye gaze: A meta-analytic review of the gaze-cueing effect.
Visual attentional orienting by eye gaze: A meta-analytic review of the gaze-cueing effect. Open
Given limitations in the amount of visual information that a person can simultaneously process through to conscious perception, selective visual attention is necessary. Visual signals in the environment aid this selection process by trigge…
View article: Social orienting of attention: A meta-analytic review of the gaze-cueing effect
Social orienting of attention: A meta-analytic review of the gaze-cueing effect Open
Reflexively following the eye gaze of others is thought to be a fundamental mechanism of human social cognition. In line with this, a gaze-cueing effect – whereby, healthy adults respond faster to peripheral targets presented at gazed-at r…
View article: Supplementary Material for: Event-Based but Not Time-Based Prospective Memory Is Related to Oral Health in Late Adulthood
Supplementary Material for: Event-Based but Not Time-Based Prospective Memory Is Related to Oral Health in Late Adulthood Open
Background: Most evidence now indicates that cognitive function is related to poorer oral health in late adulthood, but that this relationship is not invariant across specific cognitive domains. Prospective memory (PM) is a c…
View article: An investigation into early-life stress and cognitive function in older age
An investigation into early-life stress and cognitive function in older age Open
Early-life stress (ELS) has previously been identified as a risk factor for cognitive decline, but this work has predominantly focused on clinical groups and indexed traditional cognitive domains. It, therefore, remains unclear whether ELS…
View article: Empathy for others’ pain is disrupted at the neurophysiological level in schizophrenia
Empathy for others’ pain is disrupted at the neurophysiological level in schizophrenia Open
Objective Previous research has shown that empathy for pain is disrupted at the neural level in people with schizophrenia. However, many of these studies have failed to assess key background contextual variables that have previously been l…
View article: A role for affectivity in rapid facial mimicry: An electromyographic study
A role for affectivity in rapid facial mimicry: An electromyographic study Open
Emotional expressions evoke rapid facial reactions in the perceiver that are consistent with the valence of the observed expression. We aimed to investigate whether this robust facial reaction is purely a motor matching response or instead…
View article: Oral Health and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Oral Health and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review Open
Background: It has often been argued that there is a relationship between oral health and cognitive decline in late adulthood, but a recent systematic review concluded that it was unclear “how or whether” any relationship exi…
View article: The role of social attention in older adults’ ability to interpret naturalistic social scenes
The role of social attention in older adults’ ability to interpret naturalistic social scenes Open
Age-related differences on theory of mind (ToM) tasks are well established. However, the literature has been criticised for predominantly relying on tasks with poor ecological validity, and consequently it remains unclear whether these age…
View article: Intranasal oxytocin does not reduce age-related difficulties in social cognition
Intranasal oxytocin does not reduce age-related difficulties in social cognition Open
View article: Age Deficits in Facial Affect Recognition: The Influence of Dynamic Cues
Age Deficits in Facial Affect Recognition: The Influence of Dynamic Cues Open
Together, these studies provide important and novel insights into the specific circumstances in which older adults may be expected to experience difficulties in perceiving facial emotions.