Sarah E. Gerard
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View article: Biomechanical implications of mass loading in a swine model of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Biomechanical implications of mass loading in a swine model of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure Open
In a ventilated swine model, we isolated the mechanical effects of mass loading from those of lung injury. Despite optimization, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) could not restore baseline pulmonary compliance or lung volumes in eit…
View article: Structural and functional characteristics of healthy and injured porcine lungs during deflation: a quantitative CT imaging analysis
Structural and functional characteristics of healthy and injured porcine lungs during deflation: a quantitative CT imaging analysis Open
We noted that quantitative computed tomographic (qCT) imaging has potential applications for assessing the severity of regional injury in the lung by providing detailed information on pressure-volume characteristics, distensibility, aerati…
View article: Manual segmentation of opacities and consolidations on CT of long COVID patients from multiple annotators
Manual segmentation of opacities and consolidations on CT of long COVID patients from multiple annotators Open
View article: Open-Source Manually Annotated Vocal Tract Database for Automatic Segmentation from 3D MRI Using Deep Learning: Benchmarking 2D and 3D Convolutional and Transformer Networks
Open-Source Manually Annotated Vocal Tract Database for Automatic Segmentation from 3D MRI Using Deep Learning: Benchmarking 2D and 3D Convolutional and Transformer Networks Open
View article: 4DCT image artifact detection using deep learning
4DCT image artifact detection using deep learning Open
Background Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is an es sential tool in radiation therapy. However, the 4D acquisition process may cause motion artifacts which can obscure anatomy and distort functional measurements from CT scans. …
View article: The pleural gradient does not reflect the superimposed pressure in patients with class III obesity
The pleural gradient does not reflect the superimposed pressure in patients with class III obesity Open
In patients with class III obesity, the superimposed pressure does not approximate the pleural pressure gradient, which is higher than in patients with lower BMI. The quantity and distribution of subcutaneous and intrathoracic adiposity al…
View article: Deep Learning Estimation of Small Airways Disease from Inspiratory Chest CT is Associated with FEV<sub>1</sub>Decline in COPD
Deep Learning Estimation of Small Airways Disease from Inspiratory Chest CT is Associated with FEV<sub>1</sub>Decline in COPD Open
Rationale Quantifying functional small airways disease (fSAD) requires additional expiratory computed tomography (CT) scan, limiting clinical applicability. Artificial intelligence (AI) could enable fSAD quantification from chest CT scan a…
View article: Phenotyping COVID-19 respiratory failure in spontaneously breathing patients with AI on lung CT-scan
Phenotyping COVID-19 respiratory failure in spontaneously breathing patients with AI on lung CT-scan Open
View article: Vessel and Airway Characteristics in One-Year Computed Tomography–defined Rapid Emphysema Progression: SPIROMICS
Vessel and Airway Characteristics in One-Year Computed Tomography–defined Rapid Emphysema Progression: SPIROMICS Open
Rationale: Rates of emphysema progression vary in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the relationships with vascular and airway pathophysiology remain unclear. Objectives: We sought to determine if indices of p…
View article: Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry
Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry Open
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to tobacco smoking commonly presents when extensive lung damage has occurred. Objectives: We hypothesized that structural change would be detected early in the natur…
View article: MEDPSeg: Hierarchical polymorphic multitask learning for the segmentation of ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and pulmonary structures on computed tomography
MEDPSeg: Hierarchical polymorphic multitask learning for the segmentation of ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and pulmonary structures on computed tomography Open
The COVID-19 pandemic response highlighted the potential of deep learning methods in facilitating the diagnosis, prognosis and understanding of lung diseases through automated segmentation of pulmonary structures and lesions in chest compu…
View article: Automatic segmentation of lung findings in CT and application to Long COVID
Automatic segmentation of lung findings in CT and application to Long COVID Open
Automated segmentation of lung abnormalities in computed tomography is an important step for diagnosing and characterizing lung disease. In this work, we improve upon a previous method and propose S-MEDSeg, a deep learning based approach f…
View article: Attention U-net for automated pulmonary fissure integrity analysis in lung computed tomography images
Attention U-net for automated pulmonary fissure integrity analysis in lung computed tomography images Open
View article: Electrical Impedance Tomography Identifies Evolution of Regional Perfusion in a Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Electrical Impedance Tomography Identifies Evolution of Regional Perfusion in a Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Open
Background Bedside electrical impedance tomography could be useful to visualize evolving pulmonary perfusion distributions when acute respiratory distress syndrome worsens or in response to ventilatory and positional therapies. In experime…
View article: A specific combination of laboratory data is associated with overweight lungs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at hospital admission: secondary cross-sectional analysis of a randomized clinical trial
A specific combination of laboratory data is associated with overweight lungs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at hospital admission: secondary cross-sectional analysis of a randomized clinical trial Open
Background Lung weight may be measured with quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with COVID-19 to characterize the severity of pulmonary edema and assess prognosis. However, this quantitative analysis is often not access…
View article: Improving pulmonary perfusion assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in an experimental lung injury model
Improving pulmonary perfusion assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in an experimental lung injury model Open
Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT using a lower-viscosity contrast agent in combination with tracer-kinetic analysis by the steepest-slope model improves pulmonary blood flow measurements and assessment of regional distributions of lung perfusi…
View article: Direct estimation of regional lung volume change from paired and single CT images using residual regression neural network
Direct estimation of regional lung volume change from paired and single CT images using residual regression neural network Open
Background Chest computed tomography (CT) enables characterization of pulmonary diseases by producing high‐resolution and high‐contrast images of the intricate lung structures. Deformable image registration is used to align chest CT scans …
View article: Predicting pulmonary ventilation damage after radiation therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer using a ResNet generative adversarial network
Predicting pulmonary ventilation damage after radiation therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer using a ResNet generative adversarial network Open
Background Functional lung avoidance radiation therapy (RT) is a technique being investigated to preferentially avoid specific regions of the lung that are predicted to be more susceptible to radiation‐induced damage. Reducing the dose del…
View article: Predicting severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations using quantitative CT: a retrospective model development and external validation study
Predicting severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations using quantitative CT: a retrospective model development and external validation study Open
National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
View article: Robust Measures of Image-Registration-Derived Lung Biomechanics in SPIROMICS
Robust Measures of Image-Registration-Derived Lung Biomechanics in SPIROMICS Open
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to define a collection of inflammatory lung diseases that cause airflow obstruction and severe damage to the lung parenchyma. This study investigated the robustness of i…
View article: CT-derived vessel segmentation for analysis of post-radiation therapy changes in vasculature and perfusion
CT-derived vessel segmentation for analysis of post-radiation therapy changes in vasculature and perfusion Open
Vessel segmentation in the lung is an ongoing challenge. While many methods have been able to successfully identify vessels in normal, healthy, lungs, these methods struggle in the presence of abnormalities. Following radiotherapy, these m…
View article: LungViT: Ensembling Cascade of Texture Sensitive Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Cross-Volume Chest CT Image-to-Image Translation
LungViT: Ensembling Cascade of Texture Sensitive Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Cross-Volume Chest CT Image-to-Image Translation Open
Chest computed tomography (CT) at inspiration is often complemented by an expiratory CT to identify peripheral airways disease. Additionally, co-registered inspiratory-expiratory volumes can be used to derive various markers of lung functi…
View article: Pulmonary Blood Volume Among Older Adults in the Community: The MESA Lung Study
Pulmonary Blood Volume Among Older Adults in the Community: The MESA Lung Study Open
Background: The pulmonary vasculature is essential for gas exchange and impacts both pulmonary and cardiac function. However, it is difficult to assess and its characteristics in the general population are unknown. We measured pulmonary bl…
View article: Unsupervised segmentation and quantification of COVID-19 lesions on computed Tomography scans using CycleGAN
Unsupervised segmentation and quantification of COVID-19 lesions on computed Tomography scans using CycleGAN Open
View article: A Personalized Spring Network Representation of Emphysematous Lungs From CT Images
A Personalized Spring Network Representation of Emphysematous Lungs From CT Images Open
Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible tissue destruction and airspace enlargement, which manifest as low attenuation area (LAA) on CT images. Previous studies have shown that inflammation, protease imbalance, ext…
View article: Early versus late intubation in COVID-19 patients failing helmet CPAP: A quantitative computed tomography study
Early versus late intubation in COVID-19 patients failing helmet CPAP: A quantitative computed tomography study Open
View article: Single volume lung biomechanics from chest computed tomography using a mode preserving generative adversarial network
Single volume lung biomechanics from chest computed tomography using a mode preserving generative adversarial network Open
Local tissue expansion of the lungs is typically derived by registering computed tomography (CT) scans acquired at multiple lung volumes. However, acquiring multiple scans incurs increased radiation dose, time, and cost, and may not be pos…
View article: Effects of Lung Injury on Regional Aeration and Expiratory Time Constants: Insights From Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Image Registration
Effects of Lung Injury on Regional Aeration and Expiratory Time Constants: Insights From Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Image Registration Open
Rationale : Intratidal changes in regional lung aeration, as assessed with dynamic four-dimensional computed tomography (CT; 4DCT), may indicate the processes of recruitment and derecruitment, thus portending atelectrauma during mechanical…
View article: Case Studies in Physiology: Temporal variations of the lung parenchyma and vasculature in asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia: a multispectral CT assessment
Case Studies in Physiology: Temporal variations of the lung parenchyma and vasculature in asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia: a multispectral CT assessment Open
We characterized the temporal changes of lung parenchyma and microvascular pathophysiology from COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic young, healthy nonsmoking male using dual-energy CT. Lung parenchymal mechanics and microvascular disease…
View article: Lung distribution of gas and blood volume in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a quantitative dual-energy computed tomography study
Lung distribution of gas and blood volume in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a quantitative dual-energy computed tomography study Open