Importance Benefits of prostate cancer (PCa) screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone are largely offset by excess negative biopsies and overdetection of indolent cancers resulting from the poor specificity of PSA for high-grade PCa (ie, grade group [GG] 2 or greater). Objective To develop a multiplex urinary panel for high-grade PCa and validate its external performance relative to current guideline-endorsed biomarkers. Design, Setting, and Participants RNA sequencing analysis of 58 724 genes identifi…

BACKGROUNDTransrenal cell-free tumor DNA (TR-ctDNA), which transits from the bloodstream into urine, has the potential to enable noninvasive cancer detection for a wide variety of nonurologic cancer types.MethodsUsing whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that urine TR-ctDNA fragments across multiple cancer types are predominantly ultrashort (<50 bp) and, therefore, likely to be missed by conventional ctDNA assays. We developed an ultrashort droplet digital PCR assay to detect TR-ctDNA originating from HPV-associ…

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S11 shows the characteristics of the chemotherapy, anti-PD-(L)1, and chemotherapy + anti-PD-(L)1 validation cohort&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 shows how Immunotherapy Response Score adds to tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability status for anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy clinical benefit&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;IRS is robust to self-reported race. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Pie chart of self-reported race for all 24,463 patients in the SCMD with informative TMB and gene expression data needed to generate IRS regardless of treatment history (SCMD lock at the time of IRS development). The total number of patients in each racial group is shown. &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; The percentage of TMB-H and IRS-H patients from the SCMD (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 24,463 as in A stratified by self-reported race is plotted). Fisher exact t…