Scott Bachman
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View article: Impulse response functions as a framework for quantifying ocean-based carbon dioxide removal
Impulse response functions as a framework for quantifying ocean-based carbon dioxide removal Open
Limiting global warming to 2 °C by the end of the century requires dramatically reducing CO2 emissions, and also implementing carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. Ocean-based CDR through ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) offers a pa…
View article: Scaling biodiversity assessments of reef fish with remotely sensed spectral variability
Scaling biodiversity assessments of reef fish with remotely sensed spectral variability Open
In terrestrial landscapes, the spectral variability hypothesis (SVH) enables large-scale species biodiversity assessments using satellite data. Whether the SVH works in the marine realm is an open question. To answer it, we tested the abil…
View article: Identifying Ocean Submesoscale Activity From Vertical Density Profiles Using Machine Learning
Identifying Ocean Submesoscale Activity From Vertical Density Profiles Using Machine Learning Open
Submesoscale eddies are important features in the upper ocean where they mediate air‐sea exchanges, convey heat and tracer fluxes into ocean interior, and enhance biological production. However, due to their small size (0.1–10 km) and shor…
View article: Remotely sensed spectral variability predicts reef fish diversity
Remotely sensed spectral variability predicts reef fish diversity Open
In terrestrial landscapes, the spectral variability hypothesis (SVH) enables estimation of species diversity from satellite data, thereby allowing biodiversity assessments to be upscaled. Whether the SVH works in the marine realm is an ope…
View article: Impulse response functions as a framework for quantifying ocean-based carbon dioxide removal
Impulse response functions as a framework for quantifying ocean-based carbon dioxide removal Open
Limiting global warming to 2 °C by the end of the century requires dramatically reducing CO2 emissions, and also implementing carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. A promising avenue is marine CDR through ocean alkalinity enhancement …
View article: An Eigenvalue‐Based Framework for Constraining Anisotropic Eddy Viscosity
An Eigenvalue‐Based Framework for Constraining Anisotropic Eddy Viscosity Open
Eddy viscosity is employed throughout the majority of numerical fluid dynamical models, and has been the subject of a vigorous body of research spanning a variety of disciplines. It has long been recognized that the proper description of e…
View article: Vertical Structure and Energetic Constraints for a Backscatter Parameterization of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies
Vertical Structure and Energetic Constraints for a Backscatter Parameterization of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies Open
Mesoscale eddies modulate the stratification, mixing, tracer transport, and dissipation pathways of oceanic flows over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. The parameterization of buoyancy and momentum fluxes associated with mesoscale ed…
View article: MALTA: A Zonally Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long‐Lived Trace Gases
MALTA: A Zonally Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long‐Lived Trace Gases Open
We present a two‐dimensional, zonally averaged global model of atmospheric transport named MALTA: Model of Averaged in Longitude Transport in the Atmosphere. It aims to be accessible to a broad community of users, with the primary function…
View article: Mapping the global variation in the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement for carbon dioxide removal
Mapping the global variation in the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement for carbon dioxide removal Open
To limit global warming to below 2°C by 2100, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere will be necessary. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to achieving CDR at scale. However, OAE deployments are subject to…
View article: A global efficiency map of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) for CO2 removal
A global efficiency map of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) for CO2 removal Open
To limit global warming to below 2°C by 2100, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere will be necessary. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to achieving CDR at a large scale. However, OAE deployments a…
View article: Comparing Two Parameterizations for the Restratification Effect of Mesoscale Eddies in an Isopycnal Ocean Model
Comparing Two Parameterizations for the Restratification Effect of Mesoscale Eddies in an Isopycnal Ocean Model Open
There are two distinct parameterizations for the restratification effect of mesoscale eddies: the Greatbatch and Lamb (1990, GL90, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/phoc/20/10/1520-0485_1990_020_1634_opvmom_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=a…
View article: Vertical structure and energetic constraints for a backscatter parameterization of ocean mesoscale eddies
Vertical structure and energetic constraints for a backscatter parameterization of ocean mesoscale eddies Open
Mesoscale eddies modulate the stratification, mixing and dissipation pathways, and tracer transport of oceanic flows over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. The parameterization of buoyancy and momentum fluxes associated with mesoscale…
View article: Zonally-Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long-lived Trace Gases
Zonally-Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long-lived Trace Gases Open
We present a two-dimensional, zonally averaged global model of atmospheric transport named MALTA: Model of Averaged in Longitude Transport in the Atmosphere. It aims to be accessible to a broad community of users, with the primary function…
View article: Representing Eddy Diffusion in the Surface Boundary Layer of Ocean Models With General Vertical Coordinates
Representing Eddy Diffusion in the Surface Boundary Layer of Ocean Models With General Vertical Coordinates Open
The mixing of tracers by mesoscale eddies, parameterized in many ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) as a diffusive‐advective process, contributes significantly to the distribution of tracers in the ocean. In the ocean interior, diffu…
View article: Representing eddy diffusion in the surface boundary layer of ocean models with general vertical coordinates
Representing eddy diffusion in the surface boundary layer of ocean models with general vertical coordinates Open
The mixing of tracers by mesoscale eddies, parameterized in many ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) as a diffusive-advective process, contributes significantly to the distribution of tracers in the ocean. In the ocean interior, diffu…
View article: Horizontal surface eddy diffusion implementation in CESM/MOM6
Horizontal surface eddy diffusion implementation in CESM/MOM6 Open
The source code, input files, main results, and plotting/analysis scripts that were used in Marques et a., 2023 submitted to JAMES. "Representing eddy diffusion in the surface boundary layer of ocean models with general vertical coordinate…
View article: Horizontal surface eddy diffusion implementation in CESM/MOM6
Horizontal surface eddy diffusion implementation in CESM/MOM6 Open
The source code, input files, main results, and plotting/analysis scripts that were used in Marques et a., 2023 submitted to JAMES. "Representing eddy diffusion in the surface boundary layer of ocean models with general vertical coordinate…
View article: Mesoscale Variability Linked to Interannual Displacement of Gulf Stream
Mesoscale Variability Linked to Interannual Displacement of Gulf Stream Open
The impacts of interannual oscillations of the Gulf Stream (GS) on oceanic mesoscale variability are investigated using satellite observations of sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) from 1993 to 2018. We show that va…
View article: Sudden Reduction of Antarctic Sea Ice Despite Cooling After Nuclear War
Sudden Reduction of Antarctic Sea Ice Despite Cooling After Nuclear War Open
A large‐scale nuclear war could inject massive amounts of soot into the stratosphere, triggering rapid global climate change. In climate model simulations of nuclear war, global cooling contributes to an expansion of sea ice in the Norther…
View article: Parameterizing eddy form stress in a thickness-weighted average isopycnal ocean model
Parameterizing eddy form stress in a thickness-weighted average isopycnal ocean model Open
Mesoscale eddies are unresolved in most of today’s global ocean models, and their effect on the large-scale ocean circulation needs to be parameterized. Greatbatch and Lamb (1990, GL90) suggested an eddy form stress parameterization that m…
View article: Diagnosing scale-dependent energy cycles in a high-resolution isopycnal ocean model
Diagnosing scale-dependent energy cycles in a high-resolution isopycnal ocean model Open
Energy exchanges between large-scale ocean currents and mesoscale eddies play an important role in setting the large-scale ocean circulation but are not fully captured in models. To better understand and quantify the ocean energy cycle, we…
View article: Increasing Trends in Oceanic Surface Poleward Eddy Heat Flux Observed Over the Past Three Decades
Increasing Trends in Oceanic Surface Poleward Eddy Heat Flux Observed Over the Past Three Decades Open
Mesoscale processes make the largest contribution to ocean variability and are significant agents in ocean heat transport. In this investigation, we provide evidence based on satellite observations for an increasing trend in surface transi…
View article: A global atlas of potential thermal refugia for coral reefs generated by internal gravity waves
A global atlas of potential thermal refugia for coral reefs generated by internal gravity waves Open
Coral reefs are highly threatened by ocean warming and the majority are likely to be lost in less than three decades. A first step in maximizing reef conservation through this period is to identify where coral reefs are more likely to surv…
View article: Drivers, Dynamics, and Persistence of the 2017/2018 Tasman Sea Marine Heatwave
Drivers, Dynamics, and Persistence of the 2017/2018 Tasman Sea Marine Heatwave Open
During the austral summer of 2017/2018, the Tasman Sea experienced an intense marine heatwave over an extensive area. It persisted for approximately 3 months and caused substantial ecological impacts. The marine heatwave was understood to …
View article: A New Ocean State After Nuclear War
A New Ocean State After Nuclear War Open
Nuclear war would produce dire global consequences for humans and our environment. We simulated climate impacts of US‐Russia and India‐Pakistan nuclear wars in an Earth System Model, here, we report on the ocean impacts. Like volcanic erup…
View article: Using Machine Learning at scale in numerical simulations with SmartSim: An application to ocean climate modeling
Using Machine Learning at scale in numerical simulations with SmartSim: An application to ocean climate modeling Open
We demonstrate the first climate-scale, numerical ocean simulations improved through distributed, online inference of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) using SmartSim. SmartSim is a library dedicated to enabling online analysis and Machine Learni…
View article: Parameterizing the Impact of Unresolved Temperature Variability on the Large‐Scale Density Field: 2. Modeling
Parameterizing the Impact of Unresolved Temperature Variability on the Large‐Scale Density Field: 2. Modeling Open
Ocean circulation models have systematic errors in large‐scale horizontal density gradients due to estimating the grid‐cell‐mean density by applying the nonlinear seawater equation of state to the grid‐cell‐mean water properties. In fronta…
View article: GCM-Filters: A Python Package for Diffusion-based Spatial Filtering of Gridded Data
GCM-Filters: A Python Package for Diffusion-based Spatial Filtering of Gridded Data Open
GCM-Filters is a python package that allows scientists to perform spatial filtering analysis in an easy, flexible and efficient way. The package implements the filtering method based on the discrete Laplacian operator that was introduced b…
View article: A New Open Source Implementation of Lagrangian Filtering: A Method to Identify Internal Waves in High‐Resolution Simulations
A New Open Source Implementation of Lagrangian Filtering: A Method to Identify Internal Waves in High‐Resolution Simulations Open
Identifying internal waves in complex flow fields is a long‐standing problem in fluid dynamics, oceanography and atmospheric science, owing to the overlap of internal waves temporal and spatial scales with other flow regimes. Lagrangian fi…