Scott M. Smith
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View article: Effects of hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure on immune function – results from a spacecraft-relevant hypobaric chamber study
Effects of hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure on immune function – results from a spacecraft-relevant hypobaric chamber study Open
Introduction Although the International Space Station provides a normoxic environment, deep space missions are expected to leverage a hypobaric, mildly hypoxic living environment to facilitate frequent extravehicular activities EVAs, aka s…
View article: Arterial structure and function in the years after long-duration spaceflight
Arterial structure and function in the years after long-duration spaceflight Open
Previous investigations focused on in- and immediate postflight cardiovascular health indices. Here we report that in the 5 years after long-duration spaceflight in low Earth orbit, there was no evidence of increased carotid artery intima-…
View article: ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION WITH RETRIEVALAUGMENTED GENERATION (RAG): A NEW PARADIGM FOR AI-POWERED TEACHING AND LEARNING
ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION WITH RETRIEVALAUGMENTED GENERATION (RAG): A NEW PARADIGM FOR AI-POWERED TEACHING AND LEARNING Open
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) serves as a significant natural language processing (NLP) advancement through its integration of real-time information retrieval with traditional large language models (LLMs). RAG surpasses traditional …
View article: Tracking of spaceflight-induced bone remodeling reveals a limited time frame for recovery of resorption sites in humans
Tracking of spaceflight-induced bone remodeling reveals a limited time frame for recovery of resorption sites in humans Open
Mechanical unloading causes bone loss, but it remains unclear whether disuse-induced changes to bone microstructure are permanent or can be recovered upon reloading. We examined bone loss and recovery in 17 astronauts using time-lapsed hig…
View article: Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors
Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors Open
Importance Understanding potential predisposing factors associated with spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) may influence its management. Objective To describe a severe case of SANS associated with 2 potentially predisposin…
View article: A Mouse Model of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome Using One-Carbon Genetics
A Mouse Model of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome Using One-Carbon Genetics Open
Objectives: Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) includes an array of ophthalmic and neurologic signs and symptoms observed in a subset of astronauts after prolonged spaceflight. The etiology of these changes remains unknown…
View article: The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank
The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank Open
Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space 1–6 . Yet current framework…
View article: 0330 Caffeine Consumption Aboard the International Space Station
0330 Caffeine Consumption Aboard the International Space Station Open
Introduction Caffeine is the most widely used performance-enhancing drug on Earth and astronaut crews have access to liquid coffee. While caffeine is a potent countermeasure to improve alertness and performance, it can also interfere with …
View article: Optic disc edema during strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest is related to one-carbon metabolism pathway genetics and optic cup volume
Optic disc edema during strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest is related to one-carbon metabolism pathway genetics and optic cup volume Open
Some astronauts on International Space Station missions experience neuroophthalmological pathologies as part of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Strict head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) is a spaceflight analog that replic…
View article: Cosmic Kidney Disease: The Effects of Spaceflight and Galactic Cosmic Radiation on Renal Structure and Function
Cosmic Kidney Disease: The Effects of Spaceflight and Galactic Cosmic Radiation on Renal Structure and Function Open
Missions into Deep Space are planned this decade. Yet the health consequences of exposure to microgravity and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) over years-long missions on indispensable visceral organs such as the kidney are largely unexplor…
View article: Time-resolved molecular measurements reveal changes in astronauts during spaceflight
Time-resolved molecular measurements reveal changes in astronauts during spaceflight Open
From the early days of spaceflight to current missions, astronauts continue to be exposed to multiple hazards that affect human health, including low gravity, high radiation, isolation during long-duration missions, a closed environment an…
View article: Spatiotemporal Expression and Control of Haemoglobin in Space
Spatiotemporal Expression and Control of Haemoglobin in Space Open
The role of the space environment in activating a diverse set of genes involved in regulating key cellular pathways is now widely recognized. This includes genes associated with blood control and erythropoiesis, with a particular emphasis …
View article: Effects of antioxidant supplementation on bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone structure in healthy men during 60 days of 6° head‐down tilt bed rest: Results from a randomised controlled trial
Effects of antioxidant supplementation on bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone structure in healthy men during 60 days of 6° head‐down tilt bed rest: Results from a randomised controlled trial Open
Dietary countermeasures to mitigate detrimental spaceflight‐induced effects on bone health would alleviate the requirements and the consequences imposed by other types of countermeasures for this risk. We hypothesised that antioxidant supp…
View article: State Experiences Linking Medicaid Data With Birth Certificates and Other Data Sources
State Experiences Linking Medicaid Data With Birth Certificates and Other Data Sources Open
Background: Many states link Medicaid claims with birth certificates or other data, often to inform programs and policies aimed at improving maternal and child health (MCH). Objectives: To develop an up-to-date understanding of the extent …