Explanipedia

Global landscape of space weather observations, research and operations Open

Mamoru Ishii, J. E. R. Costa, Maria Kuznesova, M. M. Bisi, Amalia Meza , et al. · 2025

Integrating plasmasphere, ionosphere and thermosphere observations and models into a standardised open access research environment: The PITHIA-NRF international project Open

Anna Belehaki, I. Häggström, Tamás Kiss, Ivan Galkin, Anders Tjulin , et al. · 2024

The PITHIA-NRF project “Plasmasphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Integrated Research Environment and Access services: a Network of Research Facilities” aims at building a European distributed network that integrates observations from space and…

Potential of cold-atom airborne gravimetry to improve coastal gravity field and quasigeoid modelling Open

D.T. Vu, Sylvain Bonvalot, Lucía Seoane, Germinal Gabalda, Dominique Rémy , et al. · 2024

We investigate using the GIRAFE cold-atom gravimeter during an airborne gravity survey for improving gravity field and quasigeoid modelling. The study is conducted over the Bay of Biscay, France. Geoid/quasigeoid determination is usually a…

Long‐Term Variability of Mars' Exosphere Density Based on Precise Orbital Analysis of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey Open

J. M. Forbes, Sean Bruinsma, Xiaoli Zhang, Jean‐Charles Marty, Sophie Laurens · 2024

The variability of Mars exosphere over monthly to solar‐cycle scales at 251 and 412 km altitude is quantified by analysis of 41‐Ls mean densities derived from precise orbit determination of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Od…

Thermosphere model assessment and implementation at NASA/CCMC Open

Sean Bruinsma, Sophie Laurens, Jack C. Wang, Jia Yue, Maria Kuznetsova · 2024

Appropriate metrics to track the progress over time of thermosphere models, both first principle and semi-empirical, were developed. Secondly, the high quality and high-spatial resolution neutral density data sets of TU Delft covering long…

Thermosphere model assessment for geomagnetic storms from 2001 to 2023 Open

Sean Bruinsma, Sophie Laurens · 2024

We present an updated study for thermosphere model assessment under geomagnetic storm conditions, defined when the geomagnetic index ap = 80 or larger. Comparisons between five empirical models, NRLMSISE-00, JB2008, and three versions of D…

Comparison of Empirical and Theoretical Models of the Thermospheric Density Enhancement During the 3–4 February 2022 Geomagnetic Storm Open

Jianhui He, Elvira Astafyeva, Xinan Yue, N. M. Pedatella, Dong Lin , et al. · 2023

On 3 February 2022, at 18:13 UTC, SpaceX launched and a short time later deployed 49 Starlink satellites at an orbit altitude between 210 and 320 km. The satellites were meant to be further raised to 550 km. However, the deployment took pl…

Plasma-Neutral Interactions in the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere: The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions Open

T. E. Sarris, Anita Aikio, S. Buchert, Mark A. Clilverd, I. Dandouras , et al. · 2023

Whitepaper #351 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: planetary ionospheres / upper atmospheres; space-based missions/projects.

Thermosphere and satellite drag Open

Sean Bruinsma, Thierry Dudok de Wit, T. J. Fuller‐Rowell, Katherine Garcia‐Sage, Piyush M. Mehta , et al. · 2023

International audience

Airborne Absolute Gravimetry With a Quantum Sensor, Comparison With Classical Technologies Open

Yannick Bidel, Nassim Zahzam, Alexandre Bresson, C. Blanchard, Alexis Bonnin , et al. · 2023

We report an airborne gravity survey with an absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry and two relative gravimeters: a classical LaCoste&Romberg (L&R) and a novel iMAR strapdown Inertial Measurement Unit. We estimated measurement er…

Altitude extension of NCAR-TIEGCM (TIEGCM‑X) and evaluation Open

Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Wenbin Wang, Shun‐Rong Zhang, Huixin Liu , et al. · 2023

The upper boundary height of the traditional community general circulation model of the ionosphere‑thermosphere system is too low to be applied to the topside ionosphere/thermosphere study. In this study, the National Center for Atmo…

Reproducing storm-time densities with Kp, Hpo and TIMED/SABER CO2 cooling power Open

Sean Bruinsma, Sophie Laurens · 2023

A major application of semi-empirical thermosphere specification models is in the computation of the atmospheric drag force in the orbit determination and prediction of spacecraft as well as debris. The models provide low spatial and tempo…

GENESIS: co-location of geodetic techniques in space Open

Pacôme Delva, Z. Altamimi, Alejandro Blazquez, M Bloßfeld, Johannes Böhm , et al. · 2023

New thermosphere neutral mass density and crosswind datasets from CHAMP, GRACE, and GRACE-FO Open

Christian Siemes, Claudia Borries, Sean Bruinsma, Isabel Fernandez-Gomez, N. Hładczuk , et al. · 2023

We present new neutral mass density and crosswind observations for the CHAMP, GRACE, and GRACE-FO missions, filling the last gaps in our database of accelerometer-derived thermosphere observations. For consistency, we processed the data ov…

Altitude Extension of the NCAR‐TIEGCM (TIEGCM‐X) and Evaluation Open

Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Wenbin Wang, Shun‐Rong Zhang, Huixin Liu , et al. · 2022

The upper boundary height of the traditional community general circulation model of the ionosphere‐thermosphere system is too low to be applied to the topside ionosphere/thermosphere study. In this study, the National Center for Atmospheri…

GENESIS: Co-location of Geodetic Techniques in Space Open

Pacôme Delva, Z. Altamimi, Alejandro Blazquez, M Bloßfeld, Johannes Böhm , et al. · 2022

Improving and homogenizing time and space reference systems on Earth and, more directly, realizing the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) with an accuracy of 1mm and a long-term stability of 0.1mm/year are relevant for many scientific and s…

Description and comparison of 21st century thermosphere data Open

Sean Bruinsma, Christian Siemes, J. T. Emmert, M. G. Mlynczak · 2022

The quality and distribution in time and space of available atmospheric observations are crucial for the accuracy of semi-empirical thermosphere models. However, datasets can be inconsistent, and their qualities and resolutions are often u…

Satellite drag coefficient modeling for thermosphere science and mission operations Open

Piyush M. Mehta, Smriti Nandan Paul, Nicholas H. Crisp, Philip L. Sheridan, Christian Siemes , et al. · 2022

Geomagnetic Activity Index Hpo Open

Yosuke Yamazaki, Jürgen Matzka, Claudia Stolle, Guram Kervalishvili, Jan Rauberg , et al. · 2022

The geomagnetic activity index Kp is widely used but is restricted by low time resolution (3‐hourly) and an upper limit. To address this, new geomagnetic activity indices, Hpo, are introduced. Similar to Kp , Hpo expresses the level of pla…

Determination of the geopotential value on the permanent GNSS stations in Vietnam based on the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem approach Open

D.T. Vu, Sean Bruinsma, Sylvain Bonvalot, Luyen K. Bui, G. Balmino · 2021

SUMMARY In the realisation of the International Height Reference System, the determination of the geopotential value and its variations in time plays an important role. In this study, the geodetic boundary value problem approach is applied…

A local lithospheric structure model for Vietnam derived from a high-resolution gravimetric geoid Open

D.T. Vu, Sylvain Bonvalot, Sean Bruinsma, Luyen K. Bui · 2021

Solar System Interiors, Atmospheres, and Surfaces Investigations via Radio Links: Goals for the Next Decade Open

S. W. Asmar, R. A. Preston, Panagiotis Vergados, D. H. Atkinson, T. Andert , et al. · 2021

From Mercury to the outer reaches of the solar system, the past six decades have witnessed a vast set of discoveries utilizing radio science (RS) methods. For example, based on key gravitational evidence, sub-surface oceans have been infer…

Charting Satellite Courses in a Crowded Thermosphere Open

Sean Bruinsma, M. Fedrizzi, Yue Jia, Christian Siemes, Stijn Lemmens · 2021

As the number of satellites in low Earth orbit grows by leaps and bounds, accurate calculations of the effects of atmospheric drag on their trajectories are becoming critically important.

The Wave Origins of Longitudinal Structures in ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Aerobraking Densities Open

J. M. Forbes, Sean Bruinsma, Xiaoli Zhang, F. Forget, Jean‐Charles Marty , et al. · 2021

The nature and origins of longitudinal density structures in Mars’ thermosphere between 100 and 120 km altitude, and −30° and −75° latitude around winter solstice (Ls = 70–122°), as measured by the accelerometer on the ExoMars Trace Gas Or…

The operational and research DTM-2020 thermosphere models Open

Sean Bruinsma, C. Boniface · 2021

Aims : The semi-empirical Drag Temperature Models (DTM) predict the Earth’s thermosphere’s temperature, density, and composition, especially for orbit computation purposes. Two new models were developed in the framework of the H2020 Space …

Thermosphere modeling capabilities assessment: geomagnetic storms Open

Sean Bruinsma, C. Boniface, E. K. Sutton, M. Fedrizzi · 2021

The specification and prediction of density fluctuations in the thermosphere, especially during geomagnetic storms, is a key challenge for space weather observations and modeling. It is of great operational importance for tracking objects …

Uncertainty quantification of the DTM2020 thermosphere model Open

C. Boniface, Sean Bruinsma · 2021

Aims : The semi-empirical Drag Temperature Models (DTM) calculate the Earth’s upper atmosphere’s temperature, density, and composition. They were applied mainly for spacecraft orbit computation. We developed an uncertainty tool that we imp…

MARVEL mission proposal: The latest update Open

Jean‐Michel Lemoine, Mioara Mandéa, Benoît Meyssignac, Alejandro Blazquez, Louise Lopes , et al. · 2020

<p>Following the recommendations of the 2019 CNES scientific prospective seminar, a pre-Phase-A study was launched in January 2020 at CNES on the concept of the MARVEL mission. MARVEL proposed to carry out in a single mission the sur…

A Quasigeoid-Derived Transformation Model Accounting for Land Subsidence in the Mekong Delta towards Height System Unification in Vietnam Open

D.T. Vu, Sean Bruinsma, Sylvain Bonvalot, Dominique Rémy, Georgios S. Vergos · 2020

A vertical offset model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on the differences between height anomalies derived from 779 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/levelling points and those derived from a dedicated h…

The Space Weather Atmosphere Models and Indices (SWAMI) project: Overview and first results Open

D. R. Jackson, Sean Bruinsma, Sandra Negrín, Claudia Stolle, Chris Budd , et al. · 2020

Space weather driven atmospheric density variations affect low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites during all phases of their operational lifetime. Rocket launches, re-entry events and space debris are also similarly affected. A better understand…

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