Sean R. Womack
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View article: Biological Indicators of Cardiovascular Health by Foster Care History in Adults
Biological Indicators of Cardiovascular Health by Foster Care History in Adults Open
Childhood foster care placement is associated with poorer cardiovascular health, particularly hypertension, even in groups generally at lower risk. Research and clinical initiatives are needed to better understand and address cardiovascula…
View article: Nonlinear Decline in the Association between Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Midlife in a Community Sample of Twins
Nonlinear Decline in the Association between Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Midlife in a Community Sample of Twins Open
Objectives: Birth weight is a widely used indicator of prenatal experiences in models of the developmental origins of cognitive ability across the lifespan. Methods: We modeled change in the strength of the association between birth weight…
View article: To g or not to g? A Cross-Domain, Subtest-Level Investigation of the Flynn Effect Across Ages 7-15 Years
To g or not to g? A Cross-Domain, Subtest-Level Investigation of the Flynn Effect Across Ages 7-15 Years Open
For decades, researchers have debated whether the magnitude of the Flynn Effect—intergenerational increases in mean IQ scores—varies across cognitive domains and subdomains, and whether the Flynn Effect reflects gains in general cognitive …
View article: Developmental Increases in the Reliability of Cognitive Assessment Bias G x Age Estimates
Developmental Increases in the Reliability of Cognitive Assessment Bias G x Age Estimates Open
The heritability (G) of cognitive ability increases substantially across development. However, previous studies of G x Age interaction—also known as the Wilson Effect—have not controlled for developmental changes in the reliability of cogn…
View article: Developmental Increases in the Reliability of Cognitive Assessment Bias G x Age Estimates
Developmental Increases in the Reliability of Cognitive Assessment Bias G x Age Estimates Open
The heritability (G) of cognitive ability increases substantially across development. However, previous studies of G x Age interaction—also known as the Wilson Effect—have not controlled for developmental changes in the reliability of cogn…
View article: Timing sensitivity of prenatal cortisol exposure and neurocognitive development
Timing sensitivity of prenatal cortisol exposure and neurocognitive development Open
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been negatively associated with infant neurocognitive outcomes. However, questions about developmental timing effects across gestation remain. Participants were 253 mother-child dyads who participated i…
View article: Prenatal maternal immune activation predicts observed fearfulness in infancy.
Prenatal maternal immune activation predicts observed fearfulness in infancy. Open
Fear reactivity is an early emerging temperament trait that predicts longer term behavioral and health outcomes. The current analysis tests the hypothesis, an extension of prior research on maternal immune activation (MIA), that the prenat…
View article: Co‐recovery of physical size and cognitive ability from infancy to adolescence: A twin study
Co‐recovery of physical size and cognitive ability from infancy to adolescence: A twin study Open
This study tested phenotypic and biometric associations between physical and cognitive catch‐up growth in a community sample of twins ( n = 1285, 51.8% female, 89.3% White). Height and weight were measured at up to 17 time points between b…
View article: Prenatal Maternal Immune Activation Predicts Observed Fearfulness in Infancy
Prenatal Maternal Immune Activation Predicts Observed Fearfulness in Infancy Open
Fear reactivity is an early emerging temperament trait that predicts longer-term behavioral and health outcomes. The current analysis tests the hypothesis, derived from prior research on temperament and maternal immune activation (MIA), th…
View article: Nonlinear Decline in the Association between Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Midlife in a Community Sample of Twins
Nonlinear Decline in the Association between Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Midlife in a Community Sample of Twins Open
Birth weight is a widely used indicator of prenatal experiences in models of the developmental origins of cognitive ability across the lifespan. We modeled change in the strength of the association between birth weight and cognitive abilit…
View article: Timing Sensitivity of Prenatal Cortisol Exposure and Neurocognitive Development
Timing Sensitivity of Prenatal Cortisol Exposure and Neurocognitive Development Open
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been negatively associated with infant neurocognitive outcomes. However, questions remain about whether neurocognitive development is sensitive to cortisol exposure at specific gestational periods or if…
View article: Co-Recovery of Physical Size and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Adolescence: A Twin Study
Co-Recovery of Physical Size and Cognitive Ability from Infancy to Adolescence: A Twin Study Open
This study tested phenotypic and biometric associations between physical and cognitive catch-up growth in a community sample of twins (n = 1,285, 51.8% female, 89.3% White). Height and weight were measured at up to 17 time points between b…
View article: Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study
Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study Open
View article: Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study
Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study Open
Owing to high rates of prenatal complications, twins are, on average, substantially smaller than population norms on physical measurements including height, weight, and head circumference at birth. By early childhood, twins are physically …
View article: Characterizing Emotional Support Development: From Adolescent Best Friendships to Young Adult Romantic Relationships
Characterizing Emotional Support Development: From Adolescent Best Friendships to Young Adult Romantic Relationships Open
This study examined development of emotional support competence within close friendships across adolescence. A sample of 184 adolescents (53% girls, 47% boys; 58% White, 29% Black, 14% other identity groups) participated in seven waves of …
View article: Indirect Associations between Middle-Childhood Externalizing Behaviors and Adolescent Substance Use through Late-Childhood Exposure to Violence
Indirect Associations between Middle-Childhood Externalizing Behaviors and Adolescent Substance Use through Late-Childhood Exposure to Violence Open
View article: Genetic and environmental correlates of the nonlinear recovery of cognitive ability in Twins.
Genetic and environmental correlates of the nonlinear recovery of cognitive ability in Twins. Open
Twins regularly score nearly a standard deviation below the population mean on standardized measures of cognitive development in infancy but recover to the population mean by early childhood, making rapid gains through the toddler years. T…
View article: Socioeconomic status impacts genetic influences on the longitudinal dynamic relationship between temperament and general cognitive ability in childhood: The Louisville Twin Study
Socioeconomic status impacts genetic influences on the longitudinal dynamic relationship between temperament and general cognitive ability in childhood: The Louisville Twin Study Open
The current analysis investigates genetic and environmental influences on the bidirectional relationships between temperament and general cognitive ability (GCA). Measures of GCA and three temperament factors (persistence, approach, and re…
View article: Editorial: A Call to Action for an Antiracist Clinical Science
Editorial: A Call to Action for an Antiracist Clinical Science Open
“Though I am gone, I urge you to answer the highest calling of your heart and stand up for what you truly believe. When historians pick up their pens to write the story of the 21st century, let the...
View article: Considering the role of early discrimination experiences and the parent–child relationship in the development of disruptive behaviors in adolescence
Considering the role of early discrimination experiences and the parent–child relationship in the development of disruptive behaviors in adolescence Open
Discrimination has been shown to be related to diminished psychological adjustment and greater risk for substance use when personally experienced by adolescents and when their caregivers experience discrimination. Our research considers th…
View article: Family Turbulence and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: Moderation of Effects by Race
Family Turbulence and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: Moderation of Effects by Race Open
This study examined the impact of residential instability and family structure transitions on the development of internalizing and externalizing problems from age 2 through 10.5. Child's race was examined as a moderator. Caregiver reports …
View article: Bidirectional Associations Between Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence Through Early Adulthood Among At-Risk Young Men
Bidirectional Associations Between Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence Through Early Adulthood Among At-Risk Young Men Open
Temporal patterns of cannabis use and depressive symptoms provide evidence for the cannabis effect but limited evidence for the self-medication hypothesis. Adolescents higher in depressive symptoms may be vulnerable to the adverse psycholo…