Sean X. Zhang
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View article: 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for noninvasive detection of invasive mold infections: preclinical and first-in-human studies
18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for noninvasive detection of invasive mold infections: preclinical and first-in-human studies Open
Invasive mold infections are a major cause of mortality in immunosuppressed and cancer patients. Diagnosis is challenging, requiring invasive procedures or reliance on fungal biomarkers with limited sensitivity and an inability to detect n…
View article: Scaling Context Requires Rethinking Attention
Scaling Context Requires Rethinking Attention Open
We argue that neither transformers nor sub-quadratic architectures are well suited to training at long sequence lengths: the cost of processing the context is too expensive in the former, too inexpensive in the latter. Approaches such as s…
View article: Home sputum collection for <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> detection in adults with cystic fibrosis
Home sputum collection for <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> detection in adults with cystic fibrosis Open
Background Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has impacted the ability for people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) to spontaneously expectorate sputum, leading to lower respiratory sampling rates and infection detection challenges. Home sam…
View article: Potential predictive value of phylogenetic novelties in clinical fungi, illustrated by Histoplasma
Potential predictive value of phylogenetic novelties in clinical fungi, illustrated by Histoplasma Open
The phylogeny of the vertebrate pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum and its varieties was analyzed on the basis of GenBank data, comparing preceding papers that distinguished lineages on the basis of a much smaller dataset, partly dating back …
View article: Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Antibody and antigen detection methods for dimorphic fungal infections
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Antibody and antigen detection methods for dimorphic fungal infections Open
SUMMARY Antibody and antigen detection assays continue to play a significant role in the diagnosis of dimorphic fungal pathogens, including Blastomyces dermatitidis complex, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii , Paracoccidioides species, Histop…
View article: Conformal Transformations for Symmetric Power Transformers
Conformal Transformations for Symmetric Power Transformers Open
Transformers with linear attention offer significant computational advantages over softmax-based transformers but often suffer from degraded performance. The symmetric power (sympow) transformer, a particular type of linear transformer, ad…
View article: Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM
Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM Open
View article: P-2128. First-in-human 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections
P-2128. First-in-human 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections Open
Background Invasive mold infections are increasingly prevalent in immunosuppressed patients and associated with high mortality. Definitive diagnosis is challenging and may require invasive procedures (bronchoalveolar lavage, biopsy) or rel…
View article: Nomenclature for human and animal fungal pathogens and diseases: a proposal for standardized terminology
Nomenclature for human and animal fungal pathogens and diseases: a proposal for standardized terminology Open
Medically important pathogenic fungi invade vertebrate tissue and are considered primary when part of their nature life cycle is associated with an animal host and are usually able to infect immunocompetent hosts. Opportunistic fungal path…
View article: 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for Noninvasive Detection of Invasive Mold Infections in Patients
18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for Noninvasive Detection of Invasive Mold Infections in Patients Open
Invasive mold infections are a major cause of mortality in immunosuppressed and cancer patients. Diagnosis is challenging, requiring invasive procedures or reliance on fungal biomarkers with limited sensitivity and an inability to detect n…
View article: Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Updated guidance for processing respiratory tract samples from people with cystic fibrosis
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Updated guidance for processing respiratory tract samples from people with cystic fibrosis Open
SUMMARY This guidance presents recommendations for clinical microbiology laboratories for processing respiratory samples from people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Appropriate processing of respiratory samples is crucial to detect bacterial …
View article: Hospital-Associated Transmission of Candida auris from Adult to Pediatric Patient
Hospital-Associated Transmission of Candida auris from Adult to Pediatric Patient Open
Background: Candida auris, an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus, is often difficult to control in hospital outbreaks. We report the hospital investigation and findings of a transmission of C. auris from patients hospitalized in an adult …
View article: Low utilization of epidemiological cutoff values to interpret <i>in vitro</i> antifungal susceptibility testing among clinical laboratory participants in two College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing programs
Low utilization of epidemiological cutoff values to interpret <i>in vitro</i> antifungal susceptibility testing among clinical laboratory participants in two College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing programs Open
View article: Evaluation of false-positive <i>Rhodotorula</i> detections by a multiplex PCR-based fungal panel performed on positive blood culture bottles
Evaluation of false-positive <i>Rhodotorula</i> detections by a multiplex PCR-based fungal panel performed on positive blood culture bottles Open
View article: Diagnostic limitations and challenges in current clinical guidelines and potential application of metagenomic sequencing to manage pulmonary invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies
Diagnostic limitations and challenges in current clinical guidelines and potential application of metagenomic sequencing to manage pulmonary invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies Open
High-quality evidence from robust clinical trials is needed to determine whether guidelines should be updated to include novel diagnostic technologies. Trials should ask whether the combination of powerful novel diagnostics, such as pathog…
View article: Reply to Kidd et al., “Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion”
Reply to Kidd et al., “Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion” Open
International audience
View article: Streamlined instrument-free lysis for the detection of Candida auris
Streamlined instrument-free lysis for the detection of Candida auris Open
View article: 615. A Prospective Cohort Study to Evaluate Performance of Myco<i>MEIA – Aspergillus</i>: A New Urine Diagnostic for Aspergillosis
615. A Prospective Cohort Study to Evaluate Performance of Myco<i>MEIA – Aspergillus</i>: A New Urine Diagnostic for Aspergillosis Open
Background The MycoMEIA urine diagnostic was developed as an enzyme immunoassay, by Johns Hopkins (JH) and Pearl Diagnostics. In a retrospective study of 310 people, the assay was 90.5% (95% CI 70-99) sensitive and 89.2% (95% CI 82-94) spe…
View article: 2460. Understanding acquisition of <i>Candida glabrata</i> in the healthcare setting
2460. Understanding acquisition of <i>Candida glabrata</i> in the healthcare setting Open
Background Given increasing resistance and incidence of Candida infections in acute care hospitals, it is critical to understand the epidemiology of healthcare-associated acquisition of these fungal pathogens. Electronic health record (EHR…
View article: 621. Evaluation of a Multiplex Endpoint PCR for the Detection of 21 Fungi Commonly Causing Fungal Pneumonia Using Barcoded Magnetic Bead Technology
621. Evaluation of a Multiplex Endpoint PCR for the Detection of 21 Fungi Commonly Causing Fungal Pneumonia Using Barcoded Magnetic Bead Technology Open
Background Fungal pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, Mucorales, and other fungi are potentially life-threatening and often are difficult to diagnose due to similar clinical presentations and poor sensitivity by culture. The BioCode MDx-3000 …
View article: 987. Identification of Fungal Pathogens In Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissues by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology
987. Identification of Fungal Pathogens In Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissues by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology Open
Background Histological presence of fungal organisms associated with tissue damage is the hallmark for invasive fungal diseases. Rapid and accurate identification (ID) of these fungal pathogens present is critical for initiating appropriat…
View article: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis: The experience in one non-endemic medical center
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis: The experience in one non-endemic medical center Open
Histoplasmosis, the most common endemic mycosis in North America, presents in a myriad of ways, spanning the spectrum from self-limiting pneumonia to progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH). Toward better describing contemporary hist…
View article: A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC
A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC Open
The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versu…
View article: The antimicrobial peptide ToAP2 is synergic with caspofungin and amphotericin B against Candida auris
The antimicrobial peptide ToAP2 is synergic with caspofungin and amphotericin B against Candida auris Open
Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungus associated with invasive infections, high mortality rates, therapeutic failure, and nosocomial outbreaks in different regions of the world. This situation highlights the need for new antifungal…
View article: Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Noninvasive Screening Model for Additional Diagnostics
Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Noninvasive Screening Model for Additional Diagnostics Open
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is likely underdiagnosed, and current diagnostic tools are either invasive or insensitive. Methods A retrospective study of mechanically ventilated pa…
View article: Dual Disseminated Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Diagnosed at Autopsy: A Report of Two Cases of Coinfection and a Review of the Literature
Dual Disseminated Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Diagnosed at Autopsy: A Report of Two Cases of Coinfection and a Review of the Literature Open
Coinfection with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients has been reported but is rarely confirmed by tissue histology or autopsy. Serum fungal biomarkers and culture are the primary diagnostic tools but are s…
View article: Boosting of Voriconazole Levels With Omeprazole, A CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor
Boosting of Voriconazole Levels With Omeprazole, A CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor Open
Children metabolize voriconazole faster than adults and require higher weight-based doses and more frequent administration to achieve therapeutic troughs. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl with disseminated fusariosis with persistently…
View article: Bringing the State-of-the-Art to Customers: A Neural Agent Assistant Framework for Customer Service Support
Bringing the State-of-the-Art to Customers: A Neural Agent Assistant Framework for Customer Service Support Open
Building Agent Assistants that can help improve customer service support requires inputs from industry users and their customers, as well as knowledge about state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. We combine expertis…
View article: 484. Vaginal <i>Candida albicans:</i> High Frequency of <i>In-vitro</i> Fluconazole Resistance in a Select Clinical Population.
484. Vaginal <i>Candida albicans:</i> High Frequency of <i>In-vitro</i> Fluconazole Resistance in a Select Clinical Population. Open
Background In vitro fluconazole resistance in vaginal C. albicans has rarely been reported in the U.S. Little is known about the characteristics of patients who demonstrate fluconazole resistance vs. sensitivity, or how likely resistant st…
View article: Toward Unsupervised Outlier Model Selection
Toward Unsupervised Outlier Model Selection Open
Today there exists no shortage of outlier detection algorithms in the literature, yet the complementary and critical problem of unsupervised outlier model selection (UOMS) is vastly understudied. In this work we propose ELECT, a new approa…