Sharia M. Ahmed
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View article: A Theoretical Framework to Quantify the Tradeoff Between Individual and Population Benefits of Expanded Antibiotic Use
A Theoretical Framework to Quantify the Tradeoff Between Individual and Population Benefits of Expanded Antibiotic Use Open
View article: Relationship Among Village Doctor Training Level, Proximity to a Main Road, and Availability to Administer Intravenous Fluids for Diarrheal Illness
Relationship Among Village Doctor Training Level, Proximity to a Main Road, and Availability to Administer Intravenous Fluids for Diarrheal Illness Open
Treatment of life-threatening diarrheal illness in rural areas of Bangladesh relies on the training and accessibility of informal health care providers such as village doctors. We found that village doctors located closer to main roads wer…
View article: Etiologies of Bloody Diarrhea in Children Presenting With Acute Gastroenteritis to US Emergency Departments
Etiologies of Bloody Diarrhea in Children Presenting With Acute Gastroenteritis to US Emergency Departments Open
We used molecular testing to examine the causes of bloody diarrhea in a multicenter study of pediatric gastroenteritis. Pathogens typically associated with bloody diarrhea were detected in less than half of cases, and inappropriate antibio…
View article: Quantifying the population-level impact of expanded antibiotic treatment for cholera outbreak management
Quantifying the population-level impact of expanded antibiotic treatment for cholera outbreak management Open
Background Since 2021, there has been a resurgence in the number of cholera cases, countries affected, and the case fatality risk. Partly due to concerns about antibiotic resistance, current cholera treatment guidelines reserve antibiotics…
View article: Model-based estimates of age-structured SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in households
Model-based estimates of age-structured SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in households Open
We disentangled several factors contributing to age-specific infection risk, including non-household exposure, within-household exposure to specific age groups, and household size. Within-household contact rate differences played a signifi…
View article: Etiology of Severely Dehydrating Diarrheal Illness in Infants and Young Children Residing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Etiology of Severely Dehydrating Diarrheal Illness in Infants and Young Children Residing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Open
Background Severe dehydration due to acute infectious diarrhea remains a leading cause of death among young children worldwide. Diarrhea with severe dehydration is a clinical syndrome with distinct management per the World Health Organizat…
View article: Identification, mapping, and self-reported practice patterns of village doctors in Sitakunda subdistrict, Bangladesh
Identification, mapping, and self-reported practice patterns of village doctors in Sitakunda subdistrict, Bangladesh Open
The findings provide insights into the characteristics and practices of village doctors and point to the potential for internet and phone-based interventions to improve patient care and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in this health ca…
View article: A theoretical framework to quantify the tradeoff between individual and population benefits of expanded antibiotic use
A theoretical framework to quantify the tradeoff between individual and population benefits of expanded antibiotic use Open
The use of antibiotics during a disease outbreak presents a critical tradeoff between immediate treatment benefits to the individual and the long-term risk to the population. Typically, the extensive use of antibiotics has been thought to …
View article: Model-based estimates of age-structured SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in households
Model-based estimates of age-structured SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in households Open
Understanding how infectious disease transmission varies from person to person, including associations with age and contact behavior, can help design effective control strategies. Within households, transmission may be highly variable beca…
View article: Etiologies of bloody diarrhea in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to US emergency departments
Etiologies of bloody diarrhea in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to US emergency departments Open
Among 111 children presenting with bloody diarrhea in a multicenter study of molecular testing in US emergency departments, we found viral pathogens in 18%, bacteria in 48%, protozoa in 2%, and no pathogens detected in 38%.
View article: Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature
Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature Open
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires an understanding of the factors and context that contribute to inappropriate use of antimicrobials. The goal of this qualitative system…
View article: Assessment and comparison of model estimated and directly observed weather data for prediction of diarrhoea aetiology
Assessment and comparison of model estimated and directly observed weather data for prediction of diarrhoea aetiology Open
Recent advances in clinical prediction for diarrhoeal aetiology in low- and middle-income countries have revealed that the addition of weather data to clinical data improves predictive performance. However, the optimal source of weather da…
View article: Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Open
Background Globally, rotavirus infections are the most common cause of diarrhea-related deaths, especially among children under 5 years of age. This virus can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, although zoonotic and environmental…
View article: Assessment of Model Estimated and Directly Observed Weather Data for Etiological Prediction of Diarrhea
Assessment of Model Estimated and Directly Observed Weather Data for Etiological Prediction of Diarrhea Open
Summary Recent advances in clinical prediction for diarrheal etiology in low- and middle-income countries have revealed that addition of weather data improves predictive performance. However, the optimal source of weather data remains uncl…
View article: Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature
Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature Open
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires an understanding of the factors and context that contribute to inappropriate use of antimicrobials. The goal of this qualitative system…
View article: Derivation and external validation of a clinical prognostic model identifying children at risk of death following presentation for diarrheal care
Derivation and external validation of a clinical prognostic model identifying children at risk of death following presentation for diarrheal care Open
Diarrhea continues to be a leading cause of death for children under-five. Amongst children treated for acute diarrhea, mortality risk remains elevated during and after acute medical management. Identification of those at highest risk woul…
View article: Derivation and External Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Viral Diarrhea Etiology in Bangladesh
Derivation and External Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Viral Diarrhea Etiology in Bangladesh Open
Background Antibiotics are commonly overused for diarrheal illness in many low- and middle-income countries, partly due to a lack of diagnostics to identify viral cases, in which antibiotics are not beneficial. This study aimed to develop …
View article: Clinical Prediction Rule to Guide Diagnostic Testing for<i>Shigellosis</i>and Improve Antibiotic Stewardship for Pediatric Diarrhea
Clinical Prediction Rule to Guide Diagnostic Testing for<i>Shigellosis</i>and Improve Antibiotic Stewardship for Pediatric Diarrhea Open
Background Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of death for children aged <5 years. Identification of etiology helps guide pathogen-specific therapy, but availability of diagnostic testing is often limited in low-resource settings. O…
View article: Derivation and external validation of a clinical prognostic model identifying children at risk of death following presentation for diarrheal care
Derivation and external validation of a clinical prognostic model identifying children at risk of death following presentation for diarrheal care Open
Diarrhea continues to be a leading cause of death for children under-five. Amongst children treated for acute diarrhea, mortality risk remains elevated during and after acute medical management. Identification of those at highest risk woul…
View article: Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering
Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering Open
Background: Nearly 150 million children under-5 years of age were stunted in 2020. We aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify children likely to experience additional stunting following acute diarrhea, to enable targe…
View article: Author response: Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering
Author response: Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering Open
Article Figures and data Abstract Editor's evaluation Introduction Methods Results Discussion Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Background: Nearly 150 million child…
View article: Clinical prediction rule to guide diagnostic testing for<i>Shigellosis</i>and improve antibiotic stewardship for pediatric diarrhea
Clinical prediction rule to guide diagnostic testing for<i>Shigellosis</i>and improve antibiotic stewardship for pediatric diarrhea Open
Background Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of death for children under-5. Identification of etiology helps guide pathogen-specific therapy, but availability of diagnostic testing is often limited in low resource settings. Our goal i…
View article: Improving Antibiotic Stewardship for Diarrheal Disease With Probability-Based Electronic Clinical Decision Support
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship for Diarrheal Disease With Probability-Based Electronic Clinical Decision Support Open
Importance Inappropriate use of antibiotics for diarrheal illness can result in adverse effects and increase in antimicrobial resistance. Objective To determine whether the diarrheal etiology prediction (DEP) algorithm, which uses patient-…
View article: Incidence Rate and Risk Factors Associated with Travelers’ Diarrhea in International Travelers Departing from Utah, USA
Incidence Rate and Risk Factors Associated with Travelers’ Diarrhea in International Travelers Departing from Utah, USA Open
Despite knowledge on the causes and prevention strategies for travelers’ diarrhea (TD), it continues to be one of the most common illnesses experienced by U.S. international travelers. However, studies of risk factors associated with TD am…
View article: Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering (stunting) presenting for diarrheal care
Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering (stunting) presenting for diarrheal care Open
Background Nearly 150 million children under-5 years of age were stunted in 2020. We aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify children likely to experience additional stunting following acute diarrhea, to enable target…
View article: 739. Self-Reported Prevalence of Insect Bites During International Travel
739. Self-Reported Prevalence of Insect Bites During International Travel Open
Background Vector borne diseases are responsible for almost one fifth of global infectious disease burden. International travelers are at risk for potentially life-threatening conditions when visiting areas with endemic vector borne diseas…
View article: The Effects of Using a Clinical Prediction Rule to Prioritize Diagnostic Testing on Transmission and Hospital Burden: A Modeling Example of Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
The Effects of Using a Clinical Prediction Rule to Prioritize Diagnostic Testing on Transmission and Hospital Burden: A Modeling Example of Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Open
Background Prompt identification of infections is critical for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. However, diagnostic testing shortages are common in emerging diseases, low resource settings, and during outbreaks. This forces diffi…
View article: Robust Testing in Outpatient Settings to Explore COVID-19 Epidemiology: Disparities in Race/Ethnicity and Age, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2020
Robust Testing in Outpatient Settings to Explore COVID-19 Epidemiology: Disparities in Race/Ethnicity and Age, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2020 Open
Objective US-based descriptions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have focused on patients with severe disease. Our objective was to describe characteristics of a predominantly outpatient population …
View article: Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and hepatitis B antibody serology in the United States (NHANES, 2003–2014)
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and hepatitis B antibody serology in the United States (NHANES, 2003–2014) Open
View article: A modular approach to integrating multiple data sources into real-time clinical prediction for pediatric diarrhea
A modular approach to integrating multiple data sources into real-time clinical prediction for pediatric diarrhea Open
Traditional clinical prediction models focus on parameters of the individual patient. For infectious diseases, sources external to the patient, including characteristics of prior patients and seasonal factors, may improve predictive perfor…